弹道靶尾迹微波扫频干涉仪诊断系统设计
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摘要
“扫频式微波干涉仪系统”是某重大技改项目中的技术改造项目。具体要求是将所研制的扫频式微波干涉仪应用于某气动物理靶中对等离子体尾迹进行电子密度的测量。扫频式微波干涉仪系统应具有操作简单，测量方便、准确与可靠的特点。
气动物理靶中的超高速飞行物的尾迹与一般的等离子体有共性又有不同点，所以在第一章绪论里主要讲述等离子体诊断，特别是气动物理靶尾迹的诊断的重要意义。介绍了常用方法，并对闭式谐振腔和开放式谐振腔诊断系统的基本思路和原理作了介绍。综述了国内外动态，以及归纳了本文的主要工作。
第二章介绍了在无磁场条件下，微波在等离子体中传播的特性以及弹道靶等离子体尾迹的特点。较详细地介绍了微波在等离子体中传输、反射、折射和截止的理论和条件，并说明了等离子体微波测量的理论基础。
第三章介绍了微波干涉仪的常用类型、特点及原理，包括外差式干涉仪、反射式干涉仪和扫频式干涉仪，并对各种方案作了简单的比较。本章简明地介绍了干涉仪的设计思路及要注意的问题。
第四章详细地设计了气动物理靶尾迹扫频式微波干涉仪诊断系统，提出了的设计思想，并说明了这类干涉仪要注意的问题。本章还讨论了扫频式微波干涉仪诊断系统的误差处理方法及原理。第五章用ADS软件仿真了扫频式微波干涉仪的高频部分的原理、性能及有关器件的要求。第六章介绍了扫频式微波干涉仪的高频部分的布线图思路及原理。
第七章详细讨论了扫频式微波干涉仪中的核心关键器件之一的点聚焦透镜天线设计原理、方法及整个设计过程和检测方法。采用两面不同的双曲面构成透镜，并采用喇叭透镜一体化的技术。通过实验数据，验证了设计方法和结论的可靠性。第八章简略地介绍了部分数据处理和定标的理论基础和软件设计思路。
本文所研制的气动物理靶尾迹扫频式微波干涉仪诊断系统是一种高性能的等离子体密度诊断系统，操作简单，测量方便、准确，其成果的潜在社会效应十分明显，对干涉仪技术的发展也有一定的作用。
The technology renovation project "application of frequency sweep microwave interferometer method to the measurement of electron densities in the wake of hypervelocity projectiles" is the research work of this thesis. It's detailed desires is to rebuild microwave interferometer for projectiles ionized wake measurement to get a new one which is easy to operate and whose outcome is correct.
In Chapter 1 the significance of making a diagnosis in plasma is given, especially in projectiles ionized wake diagnosis. It also introduces the common method，the basic thought and theories of closing and opening microwave resonators, its development at home and abroad and the main contents of this thesis.
In chapter 2 the characteristic of microwave in the plasma is introduced. It details the theories and conditions of microwave which is transmitting, reflecting, refracting and cut-off of in the plasma.
In chapter 3 the type，characteristic and basic principle of ionized wake diagnosis system of microwave interferometer is introduced，include the reflection interferometer and heterodyne interferometer. In addition, it also describes the method of designing microwave interferometer diagnosis systems.
In chapter 4, the frequency sweep microwave interferometer diagnosis system is designed in detail and it's issues and errors are described. It uses the condition to design the system. It also describes theories of dealing with the system error. In Chapter 5, the work is to emulate of system using software ADS1.5. In Chapter 6 the main work is to introduce the microwave circle circuit.
In Chapter 7 the work is to introduce the spot focused antenna which has high spatial resolution. A validating experiment had taken for the spot focused antenna. In Chapter 8 the work is to introduce the frame of signal processing and calibration.
The frequency sweep microwave interferometer of this thesis mention is a good system to diagnosis plasma .The system is simple to operate and the outcome is precise. The fruits of this paper will help the development of microwave interferometer and it's social effect is evident.
气动物理靶中的超高速飞行物的尾迹与一般的等离子体有共性又有不同点，所以在第一章绪论里主要讲述等离子体诊断，特别是气动物理靶尾迹的诊断的重要意义。介绍了常用方法，并对闭式谐振腔和开放式谐振腔诊断系统的基本思路和原理作了介绍。综述了国内外动态，以及归纳了本文的主要工作。
第二章介绍了在无磁场条件下，微波在等离子体中传播的特性以及弹道靶等离子体尾迹的特点。较详细地介绍了微波在等离子体中传输、反射、折射和截止的理论和条件，并说明了等离子体微波测量的理论基础。
第三章介绍了微波干涉仪的常用类型、特点及原理，包括外差式干涉仪、反射式干涉仪和扫频式干涉仪，并对各种方案作了简单的比较。本章简明地介绍了干涉仪的设计思路及要注意的问题。
第四章详细地设计了气动物理靶尾迹扫频式微波干涉仪诊断系统，提出了的设计思想，并说明了这类干涉仪要注意的问题。本章还讨论了扫频式微波干涉仪诊断系统的误差处理方法及原理。第五章用ADS软件仿真了扫频式微波干涉仪的高频部分的原理、性能及有关器件的要求。第六章介绍了扫频式微波干涉仪的高频部分的布线图思路及原理。
第七章详细讨论了扫频式微波干涉仪中的核心关键器件之一的点聚焦透镜天线设计原理、方法及整个设计过程和检测方法。采用两面不同的双曲面构成透镜，并采用喇叭透镜一体化的技术。通过实验数据，验证了设计方法和结论的可靠性。第八章简略地介绍了部分数据处理和定标的理论基础和软件设计思路。
本文所研制的气动物理靶尾迹扫频式微波干涉仪诊断系统是一种高性能的等离子体密度诊断系统，操作简单，测量方便、准确，其成果的潜在社会效应十分明显，对干涉仪技术的发展也有一定的作用。
The technology renovation project "application of frequency sweep microwave interferometer method to the measurement of electron densities in the wake of hypervelocity projectiles" is the research work of this thesis. It's detailed desires is to rebuild microwave interferometer for projectiles ionized wake measurement to get a new one which is easy to operate and whose outcome is correct.
In Chapter 1 the significance of making a diagnosis in plasma is given, especially in projectiles ionized wake diagnosis. It also introduces the common method，the basic thought and theories of closing and opening microwave resonators, its development at home and abroad and the main contents of this thesis.
In chapter 2 the characteristic of microwave in the plasma is introduced. It details the theories and conditions of microwave which is transmitting, reflecting, refracting and cut-off of in the plasma.
In chapter 3 the type，characteristic and basic principle of ionized wake diagnosis system of microwave interferometer is introduced，include the reflection interferometer and heterodyne interferometer. In addition, it also describes the method of designing microwave interferometer diagnosis systems.
In chapter 4, the frequency sweep microwave interferometer diagnosis system is designed in detail and it's issues and errors are described. It uses the condition to design the system. It also describes theories of dealing with the system error. In Chapter 5, the work is to emulate of system using software ADS1.5. In Chapter 6 the main work is to introduce the microwave circle circuit.
In Chapter 7 the work is to introduce the spot focused antenna which has high spatial resolution. A validating experiment had taken for the spot focused antenna. In Chapter 8 the work is to introduce the frame of signal processing and calibration.
The frequency sweep microwave interferometer of this thesis mention is a good system to diagnosis plasma .The system is simple to operate and the outcome is precise. The fruits of this paper will help the development of microwave interferometer and it's social effect is evident.
引文
[1] Heald, M. A. Wharton C. B. Plasma Diagnostics with Microwaves. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York·London·Sydney，1965
[2]Slater, J. C., Rev. Mod. Phys. 18,1946,p441
[3] Biondi, M. A., and Brown. S.C.,Phys.Rev.75,1949,p1700
[4] Labitt, M., Herlin, M.A. Application of the Resonant Cavity Method to the Measurement of Electron Densities and Collision Frequencies in the Wakes of Hypervelocity Pellets. Group 35,TECHNICAL PEPORT NO.248, 1961. OCT. 17
[5] 何昌委，刘述章. 开放式谐振腔测量弹道靶尾迹电子密度和碰撞频率理论分析与系统构想. 电子测量与仪器学报，2002增刊 p240
[6] Richard A., Haymi Kevin J. Kelley. Open Microwave Resonators for Ionized Wake Measurement. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS VOL.AES-3, NO.2 1967 p339
[7] Chen, F. F., Etievant, C., and Mosher, D., Phys. Fluids 11,1968，p811
[8]窦文斌. 毫米波准光理论与技术. 电子工业出版社，2000
[9] Nemoto S. Nonparaxial Gaussian beams. Appl. Opt, 1991,29(13), p1940
[10] Leich, M. All Optical Tree Network for Interference-free Distance Multiplexing Electronics Letters . Volume: 31 Issue: 22 , 26 Oct 1995 ,P 1932
[11] K. P. Huber, G. Herzherg. Molecular Spectra Molecular Structure Structure. IV. Constants of Diatomic Modlecues[M],2end cd,Van Nostrand,New York,1950
[12] Okabayashi, M. and Arunasalam,V. Nucl.Fusion 17,1977, p497
[13] 刘青云,安冬海,张平. 超音速再入体远场湍流尾迹电于密度计算. 北京理工大学学报 VoL.19 , NoS1, Dec,1999
[14] Kang Hongwen,Fan Meng,Wei Zhonglei. Experimental Study of Turbulent Wing-body Junction and Wake Flow. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics Vol,9 No.4 Nov.1996
[15] 宫本健郎,金尚宪. 热核聚变等离子体物理学.科学出版社，1981
[16] 孙杏凡. 等离子体及其应用. 高等教育出版社，1983
[17] Orlando Auciello, Daniel L.Flamm 编著. 等离子体诊断（第一卷 放电参量和化学）.电子工业出出版社 1994
[18]项志遴,俞昌旋. 高温等离子体诊断技术. 上海科技技术出版社, 1982
[19] Hoston,E. ,and Seidl,M.,Rev.Sci.Instr.42,1965,p225
[20] Efthimion,P.C.,Taylor,G.,Ernst,W., et al Rev.Sci.Instr.56,1985,p908
[21]Ernst，W.P., I.S.A. Trans.vol3,1964, p9
[22]Jacobson, A.R., Rev. Sci. Instr.53,1982,p918
[23]Kaiser,J.A.,Smith,H.,Pepper,W. and Little,J, I.RE. Trans. MTT 10, 1962,p548
[24]Bernning,N., J.Phys.E:vol17, 1984,p1018
[25] 沈永欢, 梁在中等编. 实用数学手册. 科学出版社,2001
[26]Demas,N.G.,Ma,C.H.,Hutchinson,D.P., et al.,I.E.E.E. Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-13, 1985,p41
[27]Deutsch,M.and Beniaminy,I., Appl.Phys.lett.41, 1982,p27
[28]Sauthoff,N.R.and von Goeler,S., I.E.E.E. Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-7, 1979,p141
[29] 奥本海姆(Opperheim,A.V.), 刘树棠译. 信号与系统. 西安交通大学出版社,1985
[30]美国R.E.柯林著，吕继尧译 微波工程基础. 人民邮电出版社，1981
[31]林昌禄， 陈海， 吴为公，近代天线设计. 人民邮电出版社，1990
[32]苏联A.З. 爱金堡 ，超高频天线，人民邮电出版社， 1961
[33]张克潜，李德杰. 微波与光电子学中的电磁波. 电子工业出版社，1994
[34] 安东尼奥 (Antonionu,A.)著， 程湘君,吕崇周等译. 数字滤波器分析与设计. 陕西科学出版社,1984
[2]Slater, J. C., Rev. Mod. Phys. 18,1946,p441
[3] Biondi, M. A., and Brown. S.C.,Phys.Rev.75,1949,p1700
[4] Labitt, M., Herlin, M.A. Application of the Resonant Cavity Method to the Measurement of Electron Densities and Collision Frequencies in the Wakes of Hypervelocity Pellets. Group 35,TECHNICAL PEPORT NO.248, 1961. OCT. 17
[5] 何昌委，刘述章. 开放式谐振腔测量弹道靶尾迹电子密度和碰撞频率理论分析与系统构想. 电子测量与仪器学报，2002增刊 p240
[6] Richard A., Haymi Kevin J. Kelley. Open Microwave Resonators for Ionized Wake Measurement. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS VOL.AES-3, NO.2 1967 p339
[7] Chen, F. F., Etievant, C., and Mosher, D., Phys. Fluids 11,1968，p811
[8]窦文斌. 毫米波准光理论与技术. 电子工业出版社，2000
[9] Nemoto S. Nonparaxial Gaussian beams. Appl. Opt, 1991,29(13), p1940
[10] Leich, M. All Optical Tree Network for Interference-free Distance Multiplexing Electronics Letters . Volume: 31 Issue: 22 , 26 Oct 1995 ,P 1932
[11] K. P. Huber, G. Herzherg. Molecular Spectra Molecular Structure Structure. IV. Constants of Diatomic Modlecues[M],2end cd,Van Nostrand,New York,1950
[12] Okabayashi, M. and Arunasalam,V. Nucl.Fusion 17,1977, p497
[13] 刘青云,安冬海,张平. 超音速再入体远场湍流尾迹电于密度计算. 北京理工大学学报 VoL.19 , NoS1, Dec,1999
[14] Kang Hongwen,Fan Meng,Wei Zhonglei. Experimental Study of Turbulent Wing-body Junction and Wake Flow. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics Vol,9 No.4 Nov.1996
[15] 宫本健郎,金尚宪. 热核聚变等离子体物理学.科学出版社，1981
[16] 孙杏凡. 等离子体及其应用. 高等教育出版社，1983
[17] Orlando Auciello, Daniel L.Flamm 编著. 等离子体诊断（第一卷 放电参量和化学）.电子工业出出版社 1994
[18]项志遴,俞昌旋. 高温等离子体诊断技术. 上海科技技术出版社, 1982
[19] Hoston,E. ,and Seidl,M.,Rev.Sci.Instr.42,1965,p225
[20] Efthimion,P.C.,Taylor,G.,Ernst,W., et al Rev.Sci.Instr.56,1985,p908
[21]Ernst，W.P., I.S.A. Trans.vol3,1964, p9
[22]Jacobson, A.R., Rev. Sci. Instr.53,1982,p918
[23]Kaiser,J.A.,Smith,H.,Pepper,W. and Little,J, I.RE. Trans. MTT 10, 1962,p548
[24]Bernning,N., J.Phys.E:vol17, 1984,p1018
[25] 沈永欢, 梁在中等编. 实用数学手册. 科学出版社,2001
[26]Demas,N.G.,Ma,C.H.,Hutchinson,D.P., et al.,I.E.E.E. Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-13, 1985,p41
[27]Deutsch,M.and Beniaminy,I., Appl.Phys.lett.41, 1982,p27
[28]Sauthoff,N.R.and von Goeler,S., I.E.E.E. Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-7, 1979,p141
[29] 奥本海姆(Opperheim,A.V.), 刘树棠译. 信号与系统. 西安交通大学出版社,1985
[30]美国R.E.柯林著，吕继尧译 微波工程基础. 人民邮电出版社，1981
[31]林昌禄， 陈海， 吴为公，近代天线设计. 人民邮电出版社，1990
[32]苏联A.З. 爱金堡 ，超高频天线，人民邮电出版社， 1961
[33]张克潜，李德杰. 微波与光电子学中的电磁波. 电子工业出版社，1994
[34] 安东尼奥 (Antonionu,A.)著， 程湘君,吕崇周等译. 数字滤波器分析与设计. 陕西科学出版社,1984