激光诱导Al等离子体发射光谱的研究
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摘要
通过测定无外加电场和有外加电场两种情况下的激光诱导Al等离子体空间分辨发射光谱,得到了发射光谱强度和谱线展宽的演化特性,并由此研究了电子密度随空间距离和外加电压的变化规律。此外,还探讨了激光脉冲能量的变化对发射光谱强度和谱线展宽的影响。主要内容有:
(1)激光诱导Al等离子体的电子密度
用Nd:YAG脉冲激光器产生的1.06μm激光,在低压环境下烧蚀金属Al靶,获得等离子体,并观测其空间分辨发射光谱;利用AlⅠ的两条发射谱线的Stark展宽计算了Al等离子体电子密度,分析了电子密度随空间的演化规律。结果发现:在靶面附近电子密度达到最大值,随着离靶面距离的增加,电子密度逐渐减小,从微观物理机制的分析推断:激光诱导等离子体的复合辐射是电子密度减少的主要原因。另外,还探讨了激光能量的变化对等离子体电子密度的影响。
(2)外加电场对激光诱导Al等离子体发射光谱的影响
在低压环境下,用Nd:YAG脉冲激光器产生的1.06μm激光烧蚀金属Al靶获得等离子体,观测了在外加电场下其空间分辨发射光谱,并由此分析了谱线强度、谱线展宽随外加电压的变化情况。结果发现:原子谱线强度及展宽均随外加电压的增大明显增大,而离子谱线受外加电压的影响较小。分析推断:外加电场使非稳态等离子体中的电子作定向运动,加剧电子与原子之间的碰撞是上述结果的主要原因。此外,还讨论了外加电场对等离子体中电子密度的影响。
The evolution properties of spectral broadness and spectral intensities are obtained by measuring Al space-resolved emission spectra with or without additional electricity field. As a result, the electron densities of plasma in different spatial distances and in various additional voltages are studied. Furthermore, the influence of power density to the spectral broadness and the spectral intensities are discussed. The main content includes:
(1) The electron density of laser induced Al plasmas.
By using 1.06μm pulse laser produced by Nd:YAG laser ablation, the space resolved emission spectra were gotten under low air pressure. The electron density of Al plasma was calculated by measuring the Stark broadness of line. The spatial distribution of electron density was studied. It reaches its highest value near the target surface, and reduces with the distance increasing from target surface. Recombination radiation is considered to be the primary reason for the reducing electron density, and to a certain extent the experiment result is to be explained by it. The effects of laser pulse energy on the electron density were studied as well.
(2) Emission spectroscopic studies of Laser-induced Al Plasma in additional electric field.
The emission spectrum of Al plasma produced by ablating Al target with Q-switch Nd:YAG Laser(wavelength 1.06μm, pulse width 10 ns) is observed under a low air pressure and direct electricity field. The intensity and the broadness of spectral line in various additional voltages are measured, the result of which shows that the intensity and the broadness of spectral line of Al atom are increasing prominently with the additional voltage increasing, but there is little influence on both intensity and broadness of ion spectral line. The collision between atoms and electrons moving in a definite direction with the additional static electric field is considered to be the primary reason for the result mentioned above. In addition, the effects of the additional voltage on the electron density are also discussed.
(1)激光诱导Al等离子体的电子密度
用Nd:YAG脉冲激光器产生的1.06μm激光,在低压环境下烧蚀金属Al靶,获得等离子体,并观测其空间分辨发射光谱;利用AlⅠ的两条发射谱线的Stark展宽计算了Al等离子体电子密度,分析了电子密度随空间的演化规律。结果发现:在靶面附近电子密度达到最大值,随着离靶面距离的增加,电子密度逐渐减小,从微观物理机制的分析推断:激光诱导等离子体的复合辐射是电子密度减少的主要原因。另外,还探讨了激光能量的变化对等离子体电子密度的影响。
(2)外加电场对激光诱导Al等离子体发射光谱的影响
在低压环境下,用Nd:YAG脉冲激光器产生的1.06μm激光烧蚀金属Al靶获得等离子体,观测了在外加电场下其空间分辨发射光谱,并由此分析了谱线强度、谱线展宽随外加电压的变化情况。结果发现:原子谱线强度及展宽均随外加电压的增大明显增大,而离子谱线受外加电压的影响较小。分析推断:外加电场使非稳态等离子体中的电子作定向运动,加剧电子与原子之间的碰撞是上述结果的主要原因。此外,还讨论了外加电场对等离子体中电子密度的影响。
The evolution properties of spectral broadness and spectral intensities are obtained by measuring Al space-resolved emission spectra with or without additional electricity field. As a result, the electron densities of plasma in different spatial distances and in various additional voltages are studied. Furthermore, the influence of power density to the spectral broadness and the spectral intensities are discussed. The main content includes:
(1) The electron density of laser induced Al plasmas.
By using 1.06μm pulse laser produced by Nd:YAG laser ablation, the space resolved emission spectra were gotten under low air pressure. The electron density of Al plasma was calculated by measuring the Stark broadness of line. The spatial distribution of electron density was studied. It reaches its highest value near the target surface, and reduces with the distance increasing from target surface. Recombination radiation is considered to be the primary reason for the reducing electron density, and to a certain extent the experiment result is to be explained by it. The effects of laser pulse energy on the electron density were studied as well.
(2) Emission spectroscopic studies of Laser-induced Al Plasma in additional electric field.
The emission spectrum of Al plasma produced by ablating Al target with Q-switch Nd:YAG Laser(wavelength 1.06μm, pulse width 10 ns) is observed under a low air pressure and direct electricity field. The intensity and the broadness of spectral line in various additional voltages are measured, the result of which shows that the intensity and the broadness of spectral line of Al atom are increasing prominently with the additional voltage increasing, but there is little influence on both intensity and broadness of ion spectral line. The collision between atoms and electrons moving in a definite direction with the additional static electric field is considered to be the primary reason for the result mentioned above. In addition, the effects of the additional voltage on the electron density are also discussed.
引文
铩颷1]C.B.德列斯文,低温等离子体物理及技术,科学出版社,(1980).
[2]李静,林长贺,李胜利.光谱学与光谱分析,2005,25(12):1905.
[3]X.Z.Zhao et al.Appl.Phys.B,1992(55):327.
[4]黄庆举,方尔梯.原子与分子物理学报,2000 17:63-66.
[5]宋一中,李亮,张延惠.原子与分子物理学报,2000,17(2):221-226.
[6]K J Grant,G L Paul et al.Appl.Spectrosc,1996,50(8):1512.
[7]D A Cremers,J E Barefield,A C Koskelo.Appl.Spectrosc,1995,49(6):857.
[8]B.Le Drogoff,J.Margot,M J Ferris et al.Spectrochimica Scta Part B, 2001,56(3):987-1002.
铩颷9]M Tran,B W Smith,D W Hahn et al.Appl.Spectrosc.2001,55(3):273.
[10]D N Straits,K L Eland,S M Angel.2001,54(9):1270.
[11]E Kim,K J Yoo,H K Park et al.Appl.Spectrosc,1997,51(1):22.
[12]M Tran,Q Sun,B W Smith et al.Appl.Spectrosc,2001,55(11):1455.
[13]M Martin,Cheng Meng-Dawn.Appl.Spectrosc,2000,54(9):1279.
[14]满宝元,王公堂,刘爱华等.光谱学与光谱分析,1998,18(4):411.
[15]董全力,王军等.光电.激光,1999,10(5):469-473.
[16]黄庆举,曾宪康等.华东理工大学学报,
[17]黄庆举,方尔梯.激光与红外,1999,29(4):205-208.
[18]W S Budi,W T Bakoro,M Pardede et al.Appl.Spectrosc,1999,53(11):1347.
[19]B.C.Castle,K.Visser,B.W.Smith,J.D.Winefordner.Atomic Spectroscopy,1997,52(13):1995-2009.
[20]K J Grant,G L Paul,Appli.Spectrose,1990,44:1349.
[21]宋一中,李亮.激光与红外,2000,30(3):148.
[22]宋一中,李尊营,朱瑞富,王建华.光谱学与光谱分析,2002,22(2):192.
[23]Buta Singh Sidhu,S.Prakash.Wear,2006,260(10):1035-1044.
[24]M.Kuzuya,M.Murakami,N.Maruyama.Spectrochimica Acta Part B,2003,58(5):957-965.
[25]安承武,王又青,宋文栋。中国激光,1996.A23(8):192.
[26]张树东,张为俊.物理学报,2001,50(8):1512.
[27]Balazs Horvath,Imre Abraham.Colloids and Surface A,1993,71(3):277-285.
铩颷1]S.SHarilsl.Appl.Chem,1997,81:3637.
[2]J.C.Miller,R.F.Haglund.Bwelin:Springer,1991.
[3]孙承伟,陆启生,范正修等.激光辐照效应,北京:国防工业出版社,2002:110.
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[5]Mc.Whirter,R.W.P.New York:Academic Press.
[6]贾冬义,赵玲利.现代物理知识,2007,19(1):30-32.
[7]朱士尧.等离子体物理,北京:科学出版社,1983:100.
[8]R.G.Breene.The Shift and Shape of spectral lines,London:Pergramon press,1961.
[9]G.Bekefi,C.Deutsch,B.Yaakobi.Principles of Laser Plasmas.Chaper 13,New York:1994,549.
[10]J.T.Knudtson,W.B.Green,D.G.Sutton.Appl.Phys,1987,61:4771.
[11]J.Hermann,C.Boulmer-Leborgne,B.Dubreuil.Applied Surface Science,1990,46(1-4):315-320.
[12]杨柏谦,张继彦,韩申生等.强激光与粒子束,2005,17(5):703-706.
[13]沈百飞,徐至展,李儒新.科学通报,1994,39(20):1854-1855.
[14]G.Befeki.Principles of Laser Plasma,New York:1964:139-157.
[15]G.B.德列斯文.低温等离子体物理及技术,北京:科学出版社,1980,94.
铩颷1]Quanta-Ray DCR-3 and DCR-4 Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Introduction Manual.(U.S.A.1988).
[2]Optical Multichannel Analyzer OMA-Ⅲ System.(U.S.A.1985).
[3]Jarrell-Ash Monospec Monochromator operator's Manual.(U.S.A.1985).
[4]OPERATION OF GATED IRY DETECTORS(FG-100).(U.S.A.1985).
铩颷1]Hans.R.Griem,Spectral Line broadening by Plasmas,New York:McGraw-Hill,1974,1-12.
[2]H.R.Griem.Plasma Spectroscopy,NewYork:McGraw-Hill,1964,375-380.
[3]G.Abdellatif,H.Imam.Spectrochimica Acta,2002,B57:1155-1165.
[4]B.Y.Man,Particle velocity.Appl.Phys,1998,B67:241-245.
[5]唐晓闩,李春燕,朱光来等.中国激光,2004,31(6):687-692.
铩颷6]张树东,陈冠英,袁萍等.原子与分子物理学报,1999,16(4):457-461.
[7]G.Befeki.Principles of Laser Plasmas,New York:McGraw-Hill,1964,139-140.
[8]W.Lochte-Holtgreven.Evaluation of plasma Parameter in Plasma Diagnostics,North-Holland:Amsterdam,1968:139-140.
[9]宋一中,李亮.光学学报,2001,21(4):404-408.
[10]Wang X T,Man B Y,Wang G T et al.Appl.Phys,1996,80(3):1783-1787.
[11]王公堂,王象泰等.原子与分子物理学报,1996,13:163.
[12]黄庆举,方尔梯.原子与分子物理学报.2000,17:63-66.
[13]М.Д.葛波维奇.等离子体物理与技术,科学出版社:1976,26.
[14]宋一中,李亮,张延惠.原子与分子物理学报,2000,17(2):221-226.
铩颷1]张继彦,杨家敏等.强激光与粒子束,2004,16(9):1153-1156.
[2]唐晓闩,李春燕,朱光来等.中国激光,2004,31(6):687-692.
[3]S.Yugeswaran,V.Selvarajan.ScienceDirect,2006,81:347-352.
[4]J.Bengoechea,J.A.Aguilera,C.Aragon.Spectrochimica Acta,2006,B61:69-80.
[5]张正荣,袁萍等.应用激光,2006,26(3):187-190.
[6]崔执凤,凤尔银,黄时中等.原子与分子物理学报,1996,13(2):181-188.
[7]王公堂,王象泰等.原子与分子物理学报.1996 13(2):163-169.
[8]H.Elabidi,N.Ben Nessib,M.S.Dimitrijevic.Science Direct,2006,12:64-70.
[9]G.Befeki.Principles of Laser Plasmas,,New York:McGraw-Hill,1964:139-140.
[2]李静,林长贺,李胜利.光谱学与光谱分析,2005,25(12):1905.
[3]X.Z.Zhao et al.Appl.Phys.B,1992(55):327.
[4]黄庆举,方尔梯.原子与分子物理学报,2000 17:63-66.
[5]宋一中,李亮,张延惠.原子与分子物理学报,2000,17(2):221-226.
[6]K J Grant,G L Paul et al.Appl.Spectrosc,1996,50(8):1512.
[7]D A Cremers,J E Barefield,A C Koskelo.Appl.Spectrosc,1995,49(6):857.
[8]B.Le Drogoff,J.Margot,M J Ferris et al.Spectrochimica Scta Part B, 2001,56(3):987-1002.
铩颷9]M Tran,B W Smith,D W Hahn et al.Appl.Spectrosc.2001,55(3):273.
[10]D N Straits,K L Eland,S M Angel.2001,54(9):1270.
[11]E Kim,K J Yoo,H K Park et al.Appl.Spectrosc,1997,51(1):22.
[12]M Tran,Q Sun,B W Smith et al.Appl.Spectrosc,2001,55(11):1455.
[13]M Martin,Cheng Meng-Dawn.Appl.Spectrosc,2000,54(9):1279.
[14]满宝元,王公堂,刘爱华等.光谱学与光谱分析,1998,18(4):411.
[15]董全力,王军等.光电.激光,1999,10(5):469-473.
[16]黄庆举,曾宪康等.华东理工大学学报,
[17]黄庆举,方尔梯.激光与红外,1999,29(4):205-208.
[18]W S Budi,W T Bakoro,M Pardede et al.Appl.Spectrosc,1999,53(11):1347.
[19]B.C.Castle,K.Visser,B.W.Smith,J.D.Winefordner.Atomic Spectroscopy,1997,52(13):1995-2009.
[20]K J Grant,G L Paul,Appli.Spectrose,1990,44:1349.
[21]宋一中,李亮.激光与红外,2000,30(3):148.
[22]宋一中,李尊营,朱瑞富,王建华.光谱学与光谱分析,2002,22(2):192.
[23]Buta Singh Sidhu,S.Prakash.Wear,2006,260(10):1035-1044.
[24]M.Kuzuya,M.Murakami,N.Maruyama.Spectrochimica Acta Part B,2003,58(5):957-965.
[25]安承武,王又青,宋文栋。中国激光,1996.A23(8):192.
[26]张树东,张为俊.物理学报,2001,50(8):1512.
[27]Balazs Horvath,Imre Abraham.Colloids and Surface A,1993,71(3):277-285.
铩颷1]S.SHarilsl.Appl.Chem,1997,81:3637.
[2]J.C.Miller,R.F.Haglund.Bwelin:Springer,1991.
[3]孙承伟,陆启生,范正修等.激光辐照效应,北京:国防工业出版社,2002:110.
[4]A.D.Akhsakhalyan,Yu.A.Bityurin et al.Soy.Phys.Tech.Phys,1982,27:973.
[5]Mc.Whirter,R.W.P.New York:Academic Press.
[6]贾冬义,赵玲利.现代物理知识,2007,19(1):30-32.
[7]朱士尧.等离子体物理,北京:科学出版社,1983:100.
[8]R.G.Breene.The Shift and Shape of spectral lines,London:Pergramon press,1961.
[9]G.Bekefi,C.Deutsch,B.Yaakobi.Principles of Laser Plasmas.Chaper 13,New York:1994,549.
[10]J.T.Knudtson,W.B.Green,D.G.Sutton.Appl.Phys,1987,61:4771.
[11]J.Hermann,C.Boulmer-Leborgne,B.Dubreuil.Applied Surface Science,1990,46(1-4):315-320.
[12]杨柏谦,张继彦,韩申生等.强激光与粒子束,2005,17(5):703-706.
[13]沈百飞,徐至展,李儒新.科学通报,1994,39(20):1854-1855.
[14]G.Befeki.Principles of Laser Plasma,New York:1964:139-157.
[15]G.B.德列斯文.低温等离子体物理及技术,北京:科学出版社,1980,94.
铩颷1]Quanta-Ray DCR-3 and DCR-4 Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Introduction Manual.(U.S.A.1988).
[2]Optical Multichannel Analyzer OMA-Ⅲ System.(U.S.A.1985).
[3]Jarrell-Ash Monospec Monochromator operator's Manual.(U.S.A.1985).
[4]OPERATION OF GATED IRY DETECTORS(FG-100).(U.S.A.1985).
铩颷1]Hans.R.Griem,Spectral Line broadening by Plasmas,New York:McGraw-Hill,1974,1-12.
[2]H.R.Griem.Plasma Spectroscopy,NewYork:McGraw-Hill,1964,375-380.
[3]G.Abdellatif,H.Imam.Spectrochimica Acta,2002,B57:1155-1165.
[4]B.Y.Man,Particle velocity.Appl.Phys,1998,B67:241-245.
[5]唐晓闩,李春燕,朱光来等.中国激光,2004,31(6):687-692.
铩颷6]张树东,陈冠英,袁萍等.原子与分子物理学报,1999,16(4):457-461.
[7]G.Befeki.Principles of Laser Plasmas,New York:McGraw-Hill,1964,139-140.
[8]W.Lochte-Holtgreven.Evaluation of plasma Parameter in Plasma Diagnostics,North-Holland:Amsterdam,1968:139-140.
[9]宋一中,李亮.光学学报,2001,21(4):404-408.
[10]Wang X T,Man B Y,Wang G T et al.Appl.Phys,1996,80(3):1783-1787.
[11]王公堂,王象泰等.原子与分子物理学报,1996,13:163.
[12]黄庆举,方尔梯.原子与分子物理学报.2000,17:63-66.
[13]М.Д.葛波维奇.等离子体物理与技术,科学出版社:1976,26.
[14]宋一中,李亮,张延惠.原子与分子物理学报,2000,17(2):221-226.
铩颷1]张继彦,杨家敏等.强激光与粒子束,2004,16(9):1153-1156.
[2]唐晓闩,李春燕,朱光来等.中国激光,2004,31(6):687-692.
[3]S.Yugeswaran,V.Selvarajan.ScienceDirect,2006,81:347-352.
[4]J.Bengoechea,J.A.Aguilera,C.Aragon.Spectrochimica Acta,2006,B61:69-80.
[5]张正荣,袁萍等.应用激光,2006,26(3):187-190.
[6]崔执凤,凤尔银,黄时中等.原子与分子物理学报,1996,13(2):181-188.
[7]王公堂,王象泰等.原子与分子物理学报.1996 13(2):163-169.
[8]H.Elabidi,N.Ben Nessib,M.S.Dimitrijevic.Science Direct,2006,12:64-70.
[9]G.Befeki.Principles of Laser Plasmas,,New York:McGraw-Hill,1964:139-140.