计算机辅助公差分析与设计计算研究
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摘要
在现代产品设计中,随着计算机辅助设计开发技术(CAD)的发展成熟,作为控制产品系统精确度和可靠性的关键技术——计算机辅助公差分析与设计还处在由人工向计算机化发展的初级阶段,这就造成了目前计算机辅助公差分析与设计的现状无法与CAD/CAM和CIMS的发展相适应。特别是在军工系统中,自动武器在设计和生产定型时都需要成套的尺寸链计算书,如何方便、快捷、准确地运用计算机软件进行尺寸链计算,生成成套的尺寸链计算书,成为提高自动武器的研发能力,缩短其研制周期必须得到解决的重要问题。
本文针对尺寸链计算中的一些关键问题,在研究学习尺寸链基础知识之上,提出以Visual Studio 2005为平台的尺寸链分析与设计计算软件的整体框架;研究了运用UG二次开发人机交互生成尺寸链数据的技术,给出与UG进行数据交互的方法;给出用VC++调用Matlab计算引擎来进行计算分析的方法;给出公差查询的数据库的详细设计方法,并形成能够满足软件要求、操作简单实用的功能模块;深入研究讨论公差分析设计计算软件的一些关键模块,开发出能够初步使用的模块,为软件的下一步完善提供了坚实的基础;开发完成了尺寸链分析与设计计算软件的一些辅助模块,特别实现了CAD图的通用查看功能和尺寸链文档的设计功能,使用户更加方便地校核尺寸链图,解决了繁重的尺寸链文档制作问题。
In the modern product designing, the computer-aided designing (CAD) technology has developed to mature. As the key technology of controlling accuracy and reliability of product - Computer-Aided Tolerancing(CAT), however, is still in the im'tial stage of developing from manual work to computer-aided work, which has caused its current status quo could not be compatible with CAD/CAM and CIMS' development. Especially in the military system, designing automatic weapons and producing models all need dimension-chain calculating document. How to use computer to calculate the dimension-chain conveniently, fast and exactly, and to make the dimension-chain calculating document is the important issue of improving automatic weapons' research capabilities and shortening their development cycle .
This paper aims at the key issues of dimension-chain calculation, according to the study on the basic knowledge of dimension-chain, we have developed the dimension-chain calculating software framework which was built on Visual Studio 2005. Also we have taken research on the technology of developing the UG system secondarily to generate dimension-chain data with man-machine interaction, and given the method of data exchanging with UG. We have taken research and developed the technology of using VC++ to call on the professional Matlab computing software to complete the calculation. We have given the detailed method of the database of tolerance inquiry, and formed the functional module which can meet the software's requirements and is simple for operating. We have taken deeply research on the key modules of the software, and preliminarily realized some modules which provided the foundation for the next step in improving the software. We have developed some auxiliary modules of the dimension-chain calculating software. Especially we have developed the function of commonly looking about the CAD drawings and the function of making dimension-chain calculating document so that users could check dimension-chain more conveniently. And the functions also can solve the heavy work in the making of dimension-chain calculating document.
本文针对尺寸链计算中的一些关键问题,在研究学习尺寸链基础知识之上,提出以Visual Studio 2005为平台的尺寸链分析与设计计算软件的整体框架;研究了运用UG二次开发人机交互生成尺寸链数据的技术,给出与UG进行数据交互的方法;给出用VC++调用Matlab计算引擎来进行计算分析的方法;给出公差查询的数据库的详细设计方法,并形成能够满足软件要求、操作简单实用的功能模块;深入研究讨论公差分析设计计算软件的一些关键模块,开发出能够初步使用的模块,为软件的下一步完善提供了坚实的基础;开发完成了尺寸链分析与设计计算软件的一些辅助模块,特别实现了CAD图的通用查看功能和尺寸链文档的设计功能,使用户更加方便地校核尺寸链图,解决了繁重的尺寸链文档制作问题。
In the modern product designing, the computer-aided designing (CAD) technology has developed to mature. As the key technology of controlling accuracy and reliability of product - Computer-Aided Tolerancing(CAT), however, is still in the im'tial stage of developing from manual work to computer-aided work, which has caused its current status quo could not be compatible with CAD/CAM and CIMS' development. Especially in the military system, designing automatic weapons and producing models all need dimension-chain calculating document. How to use computer to calculate the dimension-chain conveniently, fast and exactly, and to make the dimension-chain calculating document is the important issue of improving automatic weapons' research capabilities and shortening their development cycle .
This paper aims at the key issues of dimension-chain calculation, according to the study on the basic knowledge of dimension-chain, we have developed the dimension-chain calculating software framework which was built on Visual Studio 2005. Also we have taken research on the technology of developing the UG system secondarily to generate dimension-chain data with man-machine interaction, and given the method of data exchanging with UG. We have taken research and developed the technology of using VC++ to call on the professional Matlab computing software to complete the calculation. We have given the detailed method of the database of tolerance inquiry, and formed the functional module which can meet the software's requirements and is simple for operating. We have taken deeply research on the key modules of the software, and preliminarily realized some modules which provided the foundation for the next step in improving the software. We have developed some auxiliary modules of the dimension-chain calculating software. Especially we have developed the function of commonly looking about the CAD drawings and the function of making dimension-chain calculating document so that users could check dimension-chain more conveniently. And the functions also can solve the heavy work in the making of dimension-chain calculating document.
引文
[1]王恒,宁汝新.计算机辅助公差设计与分析的研究现状及展望.航空制造技术.2006(3):73-75
[2]刘之生.尺寸链理论及应用.北京.兵器工业出版社.1990:1-225
[3]Wang N,Ozsoy T M.Automatic generation of tolerance chains from mating relations requestions in assembly models.ASME Journal of Mechanical Design.1993,115(2):756-762
[4]张维强,王兆征.基于装配数据库的尺寸链自动生成.机械设计与制造工程.1996,9(6):18-25
[5]江思敏,刘向锋,高志等.基于配合特征的配合零件链自动生成.设计与工艺.2000,11(11):138-142
[6]王洋,王春河,高峰等.基于特征的装配尺寸链自动生成及分析的研究.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.1998,10(2):28-30
[7]张根宝.计算机辅助公差设计及其关键技术,浙江大学出版社.2000,8:6-14
[8]田文健.现代CAD中的公差信息表示方法的研究.中国机械工程.1996,7(4):59-60
[9]郭长虹,席平.基于装配尺寸链的计算机辅助公差设计的研究与实现.硕士学位论文.北京.北京航空航天大学.2004:2-7
[10]闫艳,宁汝新.并行工程中的公差设计研究与开发.计算机集成制造系统,2000,6(5):44-47
[11]Yan Yan,Ning Ruxin.Process environment oriented concurrent tolerance analysis.Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology,2001,10(2):158-161
[12]王会卿,肖田元等.虚拟产品开发中的并行公差设计.高技术通讯,2003(3):38-40
[13]李舒燕,金健.产品公差的并行优化设计.机械设计,2003,20(5):61-62
[14]A.Desrochers and A.Clement.A Dimensioning and Tolerancing Assistance Model for CAD/CAM Systems.Int J Adv Manuf Technol.1994,9:351-360
[15]肖迪,何景熙等.基于CAD软件的装配尺寸链自动分析.全国首届计算机辅助公差设计专题学术会议论文集.浙江杭州.浙江大学出版社.2000,8:168-171
[16]张荣瑞.尺寸链理论及其应用.北京机械工业出版社.1986:1-80
[17]方红芳,吴昭同.用统计抽样法产生统计公差分布研究.工程设计.1996(增刊):383-387
[18]王可冲.用蒙特卡洛法解尺寸链问题.华东工学院学报.1999(1):58-62
[19]Salomons O W.A Computer-Aided Tolerancing Ⅱ:Tolerance Analysis.Computer in Industry.1996(31):176-185
[20]吴昭同,杨将新等.计算机辅助公差优化设计.浙江大学出版社.1999:28-39
[21]Raman S,et al.Computer-Aided Tolerance Assignment.Computer Ind.Eng.1992,21(1):67-70
[22]李纯甫.尺寸链分析与计算.中国标准出版社.1990
[23]Zhang G B,Procher M.An Investigation into a Mathematical Model of Optimal Tolerancing Supporting Concurrent Engineering.The 13th ASME Annual International Computer in Engineering Conference and Exposition,SanDiego,C.A.USA,1993
[24]Crofts J.Assembly tolerance problem.Engineer.1958,206:918-922
[25]刘栋梁,孙韶民,高国安.基于产品成本——精度模型的最优公差设计.哈尔滨工业大学学报.1999,31(6):122-124
[26]孙丽媛.应用线性规划法确定零件的公差.新技术新工艺.1997(3):17-19
[27]王兆证,张维强.计算机辅助尺寸公差设计的研究.南京农业大学硕士学位论文.2002:46-47
[28]任嘉卉.公差与配合手册.机械工业出版社.2000:55-58
[29]JAMI J.SHAH.Dimension and tolerance modeling and transformations in feature based design and manufacturing.Joumal of Intelligent Manufacturing.1998(9):476-487
[30]U Roy and C R Liu."Establishment of functional relationships between product components in assembly database",Computer-aided design,Vol.20 NO.10,December.1988:572-579
[31]Akmal B.Chaudhri等编著,邢春晓等译.XML数据管理.清华大学出版社.2006:3-11
[32]王朝瑞.图论.北京理工大学出版社.1997:5-45
[33]严蔚敏等.数据结构(C语言版).清华大学出版社.1997:1-12,156-190
[34]董正卫,田中立等.UG/OPEN API 编程基础,清华大学出版社,2002:17-27
[35]黄翔,李迎光.UG应用开发教程与实例精解,清华大学出版社,2005:1-3
[36]孙利峰,张汉国,孙文磊.基于UG NX的二次开发方法及其实现.科技咨询导报.NO.17,2007:18-19
[37]杨宗亮,吴兆华.UG二次开发技术及其开发技巧.机械工程师.2007(4):112-114
[38]李玉胜,孙殿柱.UG软件的二次开发研究与应用[J].淄博学院学报. 2002,4(2):64-67
[39]刘雅博,陈拂晓,郭俊卿.MFC在UG二次开发CAD系统中的应用.金属成形工艺.2004,22(3):39-41
[40]黄曙荣,秦珂,韩冻冰.UG二次开发中外部数据访问方法研究.盐城工学院学报(自然科学版).Vol.20 No.2.2007(6):15-17
[41]王世香.精通MATLAB接口与编程.电子工业出版社.2007:117-121
[42]杨高波等.精通MATLAB7.0混合编程.电子工业出版社.2006:74-79
[43]张庆英等.浅谈最短尺寸链原则与最短测量链原则.机械.2001(28):133-135
[44]孙立新等.尺寸树在尺寸链计算中的应用.制造技术与机床.1995(8):12-16
[45]何景熙等.CAD环境下尺寸链方程的自动生成[J].重庆大学学报.2003,1:50-52
[46]田立中,马玉林,姬舒平.装配尺寸链自动生成的研究[J].工程设计,2000(4):20-25
[47]何景熙.复杂尺寸链分析计算理论及应用.硕士学位论文.重庆.重庆大学.2003:39-40
[48]魏雪莲.计算机辅助平面尺寸链及公差设计.硕士学位论文.西南科技大学.2006.26-27
[49]Wang Xiao yi,Zhang You liang,Zhang Fan,et al.DADS:A Product Digital Assembly Design System[c]//Proceedings of ICMEM2005.Nanjing.Science Press,2005:1211-1216.
[50]南风强,张友良,汪惠芬,王孝义.面向精度的数字化产品装配模型研究及应用.中国机械工程.2007,18(9):1071-1075
[51]Srikanth S,Turner J U.Towards a Unified Representation of Mechanical Assemblies[J].Engineering with Computers.1990,6(2):103-112
[52]王洋,王春河等.基于特征的装配尺寸链自动生成及分析的研究.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1998(3):138-144
[53]李香娥等.线性尺寸链函数的自动生成.沈阳航空工业学院学报.2001(4):24-27
[54]杨树波,陈松峰.尺寸链增环和减环的判定.林业机械与木工设备.2004,5:32
[55]张志涌等.精通MATLAB6.5版[M].北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2003:559-560
[56]苏金明等.MATLAB与外部程序接口[M].北京.电子工业出版社.2004:156-157
[2]刘之生.尺寸链理论及应用.北京.兵器工业出版社.1990:1-225
[3]Wang N,Ozsoy T M.Automatic generation of tolerance chains from mating relations requestions in assembly models.ASME Journal of Mechanical Design.1993,115(2):756-762
[4]张维强,王兆征.基于装配数据库的尺寸链自动生成.机械设计与制造工程.1996,9(6):18-25
[5]江思敏,刘向锋,高志等.基于配合特征的配合零件链自动生成.设计与工艺.2000,11(11):138-142
[6]王洋,王春河,高峰等.基于特征的装配尺寸链自动生成及分析的研究.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.1998,10(2):28-30
[7]张根宝.计算机辅助公差设计及其关键技术,浙江大学出版社.2000,8:6-14
[8]田文健.现代CAD中的公差信息表示方法的研究.中国机械工程.1996,7(4):59-60
[9]郭长虹,席平.基于装配尺寸链的计算机辅助公差设计的研究与实现.硕士学位论文.北京.北京航空航天大学.2004:2-7
[10]闫艳,宁汝新.并行工程中的公差设计研究与开发.计算机集成制造系统,2000,6(5):44-47
[11]Yan Yan,Ning Ruxin.Process environment oriented concurrent tolerance analysis.Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology,2001,10(2):158-161
[12]王会卿,肖田元等.虚拟产品开发中的并行公差设计.高技术通讯,2003(3):38-40
[13]李舒燕,金健.产品公差的并行优化设计.机械设计,2003,20(5):61-62
[14]A.Desrochers and A.Clement.A Dimensioning and Tolerancing Assistance Model for CAD/CAM Systems.Int J Adv Manuf Technol.1994,9:351-360
[15]肖迪,何景熙等.基于CAD软件的装配尺寸链自动分析.全国首届计算机辅助公差设计专题学术会议论文集.浙江杭州.浙江大学出版社.2000,8:168-171
[16]张荣瑞.尺寸链理论及其应用.北京机械工业出版社.1986:1-80
[17]方红芳,吴昭同.用统计抽样法产生统计公差分布研究.工程设计.1996(增刊):383-387
[18]王可冲.用蒙特卡洛法解尺寸链问题.华东工学院学报.1999(1):58-62
[19]Salomons O W.A Computer-Aided Tolerancing Ⅱ:Tolerance Analysis.Computer in Industry.1996(31):176-185
[20]吴昭同,杨将新等.计算机辅助公差优化设计.浙江大学出版社.1999:28-39
[21]Raman S,et al.Computer-Aided Tolerance Assignment.Computer Ind.Eng.1992,21(1):67-70
[22]李纯甫.尺寸链分析与计算.中国标准出版社.1990
[23]Zhang G B,Procher M.An Investigation into a Mathematical Model of Optimal Tolerancing Supporting Concurrent Engineering.The 13th ASME Annual International Computer in Engineering Conference and Exposition,SanDiego,C.A.USA,1993
[24]Crofts J.Assembly tolerance problem.Engineer.1958,206:918-922
[25]刘栋梁,孙韶民,高国安.基于产品成本——精度模型的最优公差设计.哈尔滨工业大学学报.1999,31(6):122-124
[26]孙丽媛.应用线性规划法确定零件的公差.新技术新工艺.1997(3):17-19
[27]王兆证,张维强.计算机辅助尺寸公差设计的研究.南京农业大学硕士学位论文.2002:46-47
[28]任嘉卉.公差与配合手册.机械工业出版社.2000:55-58
[29]JAMI J.SHAH.Dimension and tolerance modeling and transformations in feature based design and manufacturing.Joumal of Intelligent Manufacturing.1998(9):476-487
[30]U Roy and C R Liu."Establishment of functional relationships between product components in assembly database",Computer-aided design,Vol.20 NO.10,December.1988:572-579
[31]Akmal B.Chaudhri等编著,邢春晓等译.XML数据管理.清华大学出版社.2006:3-11
[32]王朝瑞.图论.北京理工大学出版社.1997:5-45
[33]严蔚敏等.数据结构(C语言版).清华大学出版社.1997:1-12,156-190
[34]董正卫,田中立等.UG/OPEN API 编程基础,清华大学出版社,2002:17-27
[35]黄翔,李迎光.UG应用开发教程与实例精解,清华大学出版社,2005:1-3
[36]孙利峰,张汉国,孙文磊.基于UG NX的二次开发方法及其实现.科技咨询导报.NO.17,2007:18-19
[37]杨宗亮,吴兆华.UG二次开发技术及其开发技巧.机械工程师.2007(4):112-114
[38]李玉胜,孙殿柱.UG软件的二次开发研究与应用[J].淄博学院学报. 2002,4(2):64-67
[39]刘雅博,陈拂晓,郭俊卿.MFC在UG二次开发CAD系统中的应用.金属成形工艺.2004,22(3):39-41
[40]黄曙荣,秦珂,韩冻冰.UG二次开发中外部数据访问方法研究.盐城工学院学报(自然科学版).Vol.20 No.2.2007(6):15-17
[41]王世香.精通MATLAB接口与编程.电子工业出版社.2007:117-121
[42]杨高波等.精通MATLAB7.0混合编程.电子工业出版社.2006:74-79
[43]张庆英等.浅谈最短尺寸链原则与最短测量链原则.机械.2001(28):133-135
[44]孙立新等.尺寸树在尺寸链计算中的应用.制造技术与机床.1995(8):12-16
[45]何景熙等.CAD环境下尺寸链方程的自动生成[J].重庆大学学报.2003,1:50-52
[46]田立中,马玉林,姬舒平.装配尺寸链自动生成的研究[J].工程设计,2000(4):20-25
[47]何景熙.复杂尺寸链分析计算理论及应用.硕士学位论文.重庆.重庆大学.2003:39-40
[48]魏雪莲.计算机辅助平面尺寸链及公差设计.硕士学位论文.西南科技大学.2006.26-27
[49]Wang Xiao yi,Zhang You liang,Zhang Fan,et al.DADS:A Product Digital Assembly Design System[c]//Proceedings of ICMEM2005.Nanjing.Science Press,2005:1211-1216.
[50]南风强,张友良,汪惠芬,王孝义.面向精度的数字化产品装配模型研究及应用.中国机械工程.2007,18(9):1071-1075
[51]Srikanth S,Turner J U.Towards a Unified Representation of Mechanical Assemblies[J].Engineering with Computers.1990,6(2):103-112
[52]王洋,王春河等.基于特征的装配尺寸链自动生成及分析的研究.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1998(3):138-144
[53]李香娥等.线性尺寸链函数的自动生成.沈阳航空工业学院学报.2001(4):24-27
[54]杨树波,陈松峰.尺寸链增环和减环的判定.林业机械与木工设备.2004,5:32
[55]张志涌等.精通MATLAB6.5版[M].北京.北京航空航天大学出版社.2003:559-560
[56]苏金明等.MATLAB与外部程序接口[M].北京.电子工业出版社.2004:156-157