免疫克隆算法在色彩动态匹配的应用研究
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摘要
针对互联网个人影像产品制作过程中,传统手工操作复杂、耗时、并造成网络与服务器高负荷运转的问题,探讨了一种基于等级变异与图像内容特征信息的免疫克隆算法。并以比较复杂和典型的个人影像产品照片书为例,讨论其个性化制作方法。
该方法首先根据制作照片书过程中所涉及的一些因素之间的相互关系,特别是色彩学、色彩搭配学、色彩的心理感受等艺术专业知识,以及相关领域专家们的建议提出了8个评价标准来衡量一本照片书的质量。这些标准包括：(1)照片书封皮与其背景的融合度；(2)照片书造价与底价的贴合度；(3)每页背景与主色调的融合度；(4)每页背景与该页照片的融合度；(5)每页背景与该页照片的对比度；(6)每页背景与该页照片的搭配度；(7)每页字色与该页背景的融合度；(8)每页字色与该页背景的对比度。
其次,论文分析了将颜色特征作为图像主要内容提取过程中所涉及的一些技术问题。特别是在量化的HSV空间内,探讨了针对本问题的颜色区间概念、图像模型及其计算方法。进而在图像距离和颜色区间距离计算的基础上,给出了上述8个指标的实施方法,实现了指标的量化。
最后,根据本问题的各种特性,探讨了一种专门针对个人影像产品处理的基于等级变异的克隆选择算法来优化其制作过程,实现影像产品抗体群的快速收敛与目标选定。
理论分析与仿真结果表明,该方法应用于目前互联网的工作环境,具有良好的可行性、实用性和有效性。目前,该算法已经被采纳并实现于我们开发的照片产品制作网站PanoPhoto中,系统的运行状况以及客户的反馈信息支持了算法的仿真结果。
For the problems in the process of making personal photo products with traditional manual based operations, such as complicated procedures, time-consuming and high loaded process of the network or servers. A novel individual image processing oriented immune algorithm is proposed, which utilizes some characteristic information such as a grade-based mutation and content image. And the paper takes photo books which are more complex, typical personal photo products as example to discuss its personalized making.
In this method, according to relationship of some factors which are involved in the process of making photo books, in particular, chromatics, color collocational theory, color psychological, etc, and suggestions offered by experts in related fields, we proposal 8 evaluation criterions to measure the quality of photo books. These include:(1) Degrees of fusion between photo book cover and background; (2) Degree of closeness between the practical cost and reserve price; (3) Degrees of Fusion between Every Background and Main Color; (4) Degrees of fusion between per page's background and photos; (5) Contrast between per page's background and photos; (6) Degrees of collocation between per page's background and photos; (7) Degrees of fusion between per page's font color and background; (8) Contrast between per page's font color and background.
Secondly, we extract color feature as the main content of photos. And in quantized HSV color space, the concept of color interval, the model of image, and their methods of calculation are proposed. Then based on the calculation of image distance and color interval distance, the paper proposes methods of calculation for the above-mentioned 8 evaluation criterions to achieve their quantification.
Finally, for the problem of making personal photo products, according to the various features of this issue, we propose a grade-based mutation clonal selection algorithm to optimize their making process, and achieve fast convergence of antibody population and the target selected.
Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the method is applied to the current working environment of the Internet and has good feasibility, practicality and effectiveness. Currently, the algorithm has been adopted and implemented in our photo production making website PanoPhoto, the system's operating conditions and customer feedback support the simulation results of algorithm.
该方法首先根据制作照片书过程中所涉及的一些因素之间的相互关系,特别是色彩学、色彩搭配学、色彩的心理感受等艺术专业知识,以及相关领域专家们的建议提出了8个评价标准来衡量一本照片书的质量。这些标准包括：(1)照片书封皮与其背景的融合度；(2)照片书造价与底价的贴合度；(3)每页背景与主色调的融合度；(4)每页背景与该页照片的融合度；(5)每页背景与该页照片的对比度；(6)每页背景与该页照片的搭配度；(7)每页字色与该页背景的融合度；(8)每页字色与该页背景的对比度。
其次,论文分析了将颜色特征作为图像主要内容提取过程中所涉及的一些技术问题。特别是在量化的HSV空间内,探讨了针对本问题的颜色区间概念、图像模型及其计算方法。进而在图像距离和颜色区间距离计算的基础上,给出了上述8个指标的实施方法,实现了指标的量化。
最后,根据本问题的各种特性,探讨了一种专门针对个人影像产品处理的基于等级变异的克隆选择算法来优化其制作过程,实现影像产品抗体群的快速收敛与目标选定。
理论分析与仿真结果表明,该方法应用于目前互联网的工作环境,具有良好的可行性、实用性和有效性。目前,该算法已经被采纳并实现于我们开发的照片产品制作网站PanoPhoto中,系统的运行状况以及客户的反馈信息支持了算法的仿真结果。
For the problems in the process of making personal photo products with traditional manual based operations, such as complicated procedures, time-consuming and high loaded process of the network or servers. A novel individual image processing oriented immune algorithm is proposed, which utilizes some characteristic information such as a grade-based mutation and content image. And the paper takes photo books which are more complex, typical personal photo products as example to discuss its personalized making.
In this method, according to relationship of some factors which are involved in the process of making photo books, in particular, chromatics, color collocational theory, color psychological, etc, and suggestions offered by experts in related fields, we proposal 8 evaluation criterions to measure the quality of photo books. These include:(1) Degrees of fusion between photo book cover and background; (2) Degree of closeness between the practical cost and reserve price; (3) Degrees of Fusion between Every Background and Main Color; (4) Degrees of fusion between per page's background and photos; (5) Contrast between per page's background and photos; (6) Degrees of collocation between per page's background and photos; (7) Degrees of fusion between per page's font color and background; (8) Contrast between per page's font color and background.
Secondly, we extract color feature as the main content of photos. And in quantized HSV color space, the concept of color interval, the model of image, and their methods of calculation are proposed. Then based on the calculation of image distance and color interval distance, the paper proposes methods of calculation for the above-mentioned 8 evaluation criterions to achieve their quantification.
Finally, for the problem of making personal photo products, according to the various features of this issue, we propose a grade-based mutation clonal selection algorithm to optimize their making process, and achieve fast convergence of antibody population and the target selected.
Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the method is applied to the current working environment of the Internet and has good feasibility, practicality and effectiveness. Currently, the algorithm has been adopted and implemented in our photo production making website PanoPhoto, the system's operating conditions and customer feedback support the simulation results of algorithm.
引文
[1]刘武辉,吴莺,张建华.数字印前技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,121-125.
[2]Deng Yining,Manjunath B S,Kenney C,et al.An Efficient Color Representation for Image Retrieval [J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2001,10(1):140-147.
[3]张瑜,朱仁洲.设计色彩[M].北京：化学工业出版社,6-10.
[4]张明.解读缤纷的色彩世界[M].北京：科学出版社,86-70.
[5]色彩学编写组.色彩学[M].北京：科学出版社,23-37.
[6]康立里.浅谈课件制作中色彩与图像的合理运用[J].美术大观,2009-5.
[7]耿阳,彭凌玲.浅析网络广告与色彩饱和度[J].美术大观,2009-1.
[8]王树琴.室内设计的色彩个性与色彩调和实例分析[J].美术大观,2000-12.
[9]马艳丽.谈网页设计的风格把握和色彩搭配[J].艺术研究,2008,32(5)：120-121.
[10]李在万.设计师谈配色艺术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,50-80.
[11]李克.色彩感情的艺术分析[J].文艺研究,2004-5。
[12]李伟,束新水,李安东等.色彩构成[M].北京：化学工业出版社,27-38.
[13]田少熙.数字色彩构成[M].北京：清华大学出版社,84-99.
[14]林俊兴.软件质量量化指标及实现方法的探讨[J].计算机工程与应用,2005-9：86-87.
[15]杨沙洲,杜云飞,杨学军.面向评估的高产出率计算指标量化分析[J].计算机科学2007,34(11)：290-292.
[16]章毓晋.图像工程(中册)图像分析[M].北京：清华大学出版社,3-13.
[17]白键,冯象初.图像处理的一种有限脊波自适应方法[J].电子学报,2006,34(6)：1058-1061.
[18]杨大刚,窦万春,张习文等.一种获取细胞免疫信息的图像分析方法[J].软件学报,2005,16(9)：1551-1559.
[19]李青,焦李成,周伟达.基于模糊核匹配追寻的特征模式识别[J].计算机学报,2009,32(8)：1687-1694.
[20]沈兰荪,张菁,李晓光.图像检索与压缩域处理技术的研究[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,54-66.
[21]黄祥林,沈兰荪.基于内容的图像检索技术研究[J].电子学报,2002,30(7)：151-153.
[22]穆亚东,周秉锋.基于颜色和纹理信息的快速前景提取方法[J].计算机学报,2009,32(10)：2252-2259.
[23]杨鸿波,蔡国雷,邹谋炎.基于振动特征的纹理图像分割[J].软件学报,2006,17(9)：1908-1914.
[24]孙阳光,蔡超,周成平等.R-Snake：一种基于边缘与区域信息的图像主轮廓提取模型[J].电子学报,2009,37(8)：1180-1185.
[25]薛峰,丁晓青.基于形状匹配变形模型的三维人脸重构[J].电子学报,2006,34(10)：1896-1899.
[26]Deng Yining,Kenney C,Moore M S,et al.Peer Group Filtering and Perceptual Color Image
Quantization [J]. In:Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,1999,4 21-24.
[27]王海霞,覃团发.基于MPEG-7中主颜色提取的改进方法[J].计算机工程,2005,31(16)：126-129.
[28]Lantagne M,Parizeau M,Bergevin R. VIP:Vision Tool for Comparing Images of People [J]. Lantagne&Al., Vision Interface,2003.
[29]蒋哲远,韩江洪,王钊.动态的QoS感知Web服务选择和组合优化模型[J].计算机学报,2009：32(5)：1014-1025.
[30]朱孟潇,宋志伟,蔡庆生.一个基于模拟退火的多主体模型及其应用[J].软件学报,2004：15(4)：537-544.
[31]陈崚,章春芳.并行蚁群算法中的自适应交流策略[J].软件学报,2007,18(3)：617-624.
[32]Smith, K.I., Everson, R.M., Fieldsend, J.E., Murphy, C., Misra, R.. Dominance-Based Multiobjective Simulated Annealing [J]. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,2008, 12(3):323-342.
[33]Soo-Young Lee, Kyung Geun Lee. Synchronous and Asynchronous Parallel Simulated Annealing with Multiple Markov Chains [J]. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed System, 1996,7(10):993-1008.
[34]Yan-hong Wang, Peng-zhu Pan, A Novel Bi-directional Convergence Ant Colony Optimization with SA for Job-Shop Scheduling [C] CISE, Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering.2009:1-4.
[35]Xiaojun Bi, Guangxin Luo. The Improvement of Ant Colony Algorithm Based on the Inver-over Operator [C] ICMA, Mechatronics and Automation.2007:2383-2387.
[36]Liangpei Zhang, Yanfei Zhong, Bo Huang, Jianya Gong, Pingxiang Li. Dimensionality Reduction Based on Clonal Selection for Hyperspectral Imagery [J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2007:4172-4186.
[37]Karakasis, V.K., Stafylopatis, A. Efficient Evolution of Accurate Classification Rules Using a Combination of Gene Expression Programming and Clonal Selection [C]. APSAR, Evolutionary Computation.2008:662-678.
[38]莫宏伟,左兴权.人工免疫系统[M].北京：科学出版社,232-247.
[39]De CASTRO LN, Von ZUBEN F J. Learning and optimization using the clonal selection principle [J].IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,2002,6(3):239-251.
[40]De CASTRO L N, Von ZUBEN F J. The clonal selection algorithm with engineering applications[C] //Proc of GECCO00, Workshop on Artificial Immune Systems and Their Applications. Las Vegas: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,2000:36-37.
[41]李涛.计算机免疫学[M].北京：电子工业出版社,53-73.
[42]张光玉,龚光珍,朱维乐.基于克隆算法的彩色图像边缘检测新算法[J].电子学报,2006,34(4)：702-707.
[43]刘若辰,杜海峰,焦李成.一种免疫单克隆策略算法[J].电子学报,2004,32(11)：1880-1884.
[2]Deng Yining,Manjunath B S,Kenney C,et al.An Efficient Color Representation for Image Retrieval [J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,2001,10(1):140-147.
[3]张瑜,朱仁洲.设计色彩[M].北京：化学工业出版社,6-10.
[4]张明.解读缤纷的色彩世界[M].北京：科学出版社,86-70.
[5]色彩学编写组.色彩学[M].北京：科学出版社,23-37.
[6]康立里.浅谈课件制作中色彩与图像的合理运用[J].美术大观,2009-5.
[7]耿阳,彭凌玲.浅析网络广告与色彩饱和度[J].美术大观,2009-1.
[8]王树琴.室内设计的色彩个性与色彩调和实例分析[J].美术大观,2000-12.
[9]马艳丽.谈网页设计的风格把握和色彩搭配[J].艺术研究,2008,32(5)：120-121.
[10]李在万.设计师谈配色艺术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,50-80.
[11]李克.色彩感情的艺术分析[J].文艺研究,2004-5。
[12]李伟,束新水,李安东等.色彩构成[M].北京：化学工业出版社,27-38.
[13]田少熙.数字色彩构成[M].北京：清华大学出版社,84-99.
[14]林俊兴.软件质量量化指标及实现方法的探讨[J].计算机工程与应用,2005-9：86-87.
[15]杨沙洲,杜云飞,杨学军.面向评估的高产出率计算指标量化分析[J].计算机科学2007,34(11)：290-292.
[16]章毓晋.图像工程(中册)图像分析[M].北京：清华大学出版社,3-13.
[17]白键,冯象初.图像处理的一种有限脊波自适应方法[J].电子学报,2006,34(6)：1058-1061.
[18]杨大刚,窦万春,张习文等.一种获取细胞免疫信息的图像分析方法[J].软件学报,2005,16(9)：1551-1559.
[19]李青,焦李成,周伟达.基于模糊核匹配追寻的特征模式识别[J].计算机学报,2009,32(8)：1687-1694.
[20]沈兰荪,张菁,李晓光.图像检索与压缩域处理技术的研究[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,54-66.
[21]黄祥林,沈兰荪.基于内容的图像检索技术研究[J].电子学报,2002,30(7)：151-153.
[22]穆亚东,周秉锋.基于颜色和纹理信息的快速前景提取方法[J].计算机学报,2009,32(10)：2252-2259.
[23]杨鸿波,蔡国雷,邹谋炎.基于振动特征的纹理图像分割[J].软件学报,2006,17(9)：1908-1914.
[24]孙阳光,蔡超,周成平等.R-Snake：一种基于边缘与区域信息的图像主轮廓提取模型[J].电子学报,2009,37(8)：1180-1185.
[25]薛峰,丁晓青.基于形状匹配变形模型的三维人脸重构[J].电子学报,2006,34(10)：1896-1899.
[26]Deng Yining,Kenney C,Moore M S,et al.Peer Group Filtering and Perceptual Color Image
Quantization [J]. In:Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,1999,4 21-24.
[27]王海霞,覃团发.基于MPEG-7中主颜色提取的改进方法[J].计算机工程,2005,31(16)：126-129.
[28]Lantagne M,Parizeau M,Bergevin R. VIP:Vision Tool for Comparing Images of People [J]. Lantagne&Al., Vision Interface,2003.
[29]蒋哲远,韩江洪,王钊.动态的QoS感知Web服务选择和组合优化模型[J].计算机学报,2009：32(5)：1014-1025.
[30]朱孟潇,宋志伟,蔡庆生.一个基于模拟退火的多主体模型及其应用[J].软件学报,2004：15(4)：537-544.
[31]陈崚,章春芳.并行蚁群算法中的自适应交流策略[J].软件学报,2007,18(3)：617-624.
[32]Smith, K.I., Everson, R.M., Fieldsend, J.E., Murphy, C., Misra, R.. Dominance-Based Multiobjective Simulated Annealing [J]. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,2008, 12(3):323-342.
[33]Soo-Young Lee, Kyung Geun Lee. Synchronous and Asynchronous Parallel Simulated Annealing with Multiple Markov Chains [J]. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed System, 1996,7(10):993-1008.
[34]Yan-hong Wang, Peng-zhu Pan, A Novel Bi-directional Convergence Ant Colony Optimization with SA for Job-Shop Scheduling [C] CISE, Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering.2009:1-4.
[35]Xiaojun Bi, Guangxin Luo. The Improvement of Ant Colony Algorithm Based on the Inver-over Operator [C] ICMA, Mechatronics and Automation.2007:2383-2387.
[36]Liangpei Zhang, Yanfei Zhong, Bo Huang, Jianya Gong, Pingxiang Li. Dimensionality Reduction Based on Clonal Selection for Hyperspectral Imagery [J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2007:4172-4186.
[37]Karakasis, V.K., Stafylopatis, A. Efficient Evolution of Accurate Classification Rules Using a Combination of Gene Expression Programming and Clonal Selection [C]. APSAR, Evolutionary Computation.2008:662-678.
[38]莫宏伟,左兴权.人工免疫系统[M].北京：科学出版社,232-247.
[39]De CASTRO LN, Von ZUBEN F J. Learning and optimization using the clonal selection principle [J].IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,2002,6(3):239-251.
[40]De CASTRO L N, Von ZUBEN F J. The clonal selection algorithm with engineering applications[C] //Proc of GECCO00, Workshop on Artificial Immune Systems and Their Applications. Las Vegas: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,2000:36-37.
[41]李涛.计算机免疫学[M].北京：电子工业出版社,53-73.
[42]张光玉,龚光珍,朱维乐.基于克隆算法的彩色图像边缘检测新算法[J].电子学报,2006,34(4)：702-707.
[43]刘若辰,杜海峰,焦李成.一种免疫单克隆策略算法[J].电子学报,2004,32(11)：1880-1884.