煤对CH_4、N_2、CO_2及多组分气体吸附的研究
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摘要
本文运用物理化学、界面化学、煤岩学和煤化学等专业知识，较系统地研究了煤对气体的吸附作用。对不同煤级煤吸附甲烷的特征及其变化规律进行了较详细的分析。对比了不同煤吸附CH_4、N_2、CO_2单组分气体的差异性，评价了几种常用模型模拟煤吸附气体的效果，选出了更适用于描述煤吸附气体的吸附模型。针对高压气体吸附的特点，从不同角度阐明了视吸附量和绝对吸附量的关系，指出目前国内外应用的视吸附量和绝对吸附量相互换算方法存在的缺陷，并提出了获得绝对吸附量的两种新方法，可提高测试绝对吸附量的精度。为了使非测试人员方便地对甲烷的绝对吸附量和视吸附量进行换算，还提出了两种快捷方法，具有一定的实用价值。以吸附热力学参数为讨论对象，较深入地研究了煤吸附甲烷机理，提出评价煤的吸附能力时，应考虑比表面积、单位面积上的吸附量和甲烷分子与煤表面之间的相互作用三方面的综合影响。以吸附势理论为基础，利用煤吸附甲烷的特征曲线，得到了吸附量、压力和温度三参数间的关系式，对深部和未勘探区的煤层气资源评价具有指导作用。研制出混配气装置并建立了多组分吸附实验方法，进行了不同煤对CH_4+N_2和CH_4+CO_2多组分气体的吸附实验，讨论了多组分气体吸附的变化规律并优选出多组分吸附预测模型，为注气增产工艺提供了理论依据。通过本论文的研究，进一步丰富了煤吸附理论，完善了测试方法，为煤层气的储集机理的研究提供了理论基础，为煤层气资源评价和经济开采提供了技术支持。
Comprehensive studies on adsorption of CH4, N2, CO2 single gas and their multicomponent gas on coal are conducted by applying physical chemistry, interface chemistry, coal petrology and coal chemical engineering knowledge. Firstly, adsorption characteristics of methane on different rank coals are investigated and the diversities among CH4, N2 and CO2 are compared. Several classical adsorption models are evaluated and the optimal one is selected out for describing adsorption process of gas on coal. Secondly, according to the adsorption feature of gas on solid under high pressure, the relation between apparent capacity and absolute capacity is explained from different points. The defect of the conversion method used currently for apparent capacity and absolute capacity is pointed out. Furthermore, the two new methods of determining absolute capacity are proposed for improving the test precision. In order to that non-technical person can convert apparent capacity and absolute capacity conveniently, two quick and easy methods are presented. Thirdly, according to the thermodynamic parameters calculated from adsorption test data, further studies of adsorption mechanism of methane on coal are made. It's put forward that, adsorptivity should be evaluated from the three aspects, including specific surface area, adsorption capacity on per surface area and interaction between methane molecule and coal surface. From the adsorption characteristic curve based on potential theory, a formula for adsorption capacity, pressure and temperature is obtained and will be useful in the CBM resource evaluation in deep or virgin areas and other aspects. Fourthly, a new high pressure gas mixing apparatus is established, and experimental procedures for gas mixing and multicomponent gas adsorption test are suggested. Tests of multicomponent gas adsorption of CH4+N2 and CH4+CO2 on different coals are performed, and the predicting model for multicomponent gas adsorption is optimized, which can guide the Enhanced CBM Recovery process by injection of CO2 or N2 gas. In summary, the results of this paper will improve coal adsorption theory and testing method, and provide the theoretical basis for researching CBM storing mechanism and technical support for CBM resource evaluation and economical recovery.
Comprehensive studies on adsorption of CH4, N2, CO2 single gas and their multicomponent gas on coal are conducted by applying physical chemistry, interface chemistry, coal petrology and coal chemical engineering knowledge. Firstly, adsorption characteristics of methane on different rank coals are investigated and the diversities among CH4, N2 and CO2 are compared. Several classical adsorption models are evaluated and the optimal one is selected out for describing adsorption process of gas on coal. Secondly, according to the adsorption feature of gas on solid under high pressure, the relation between apparent capacity and absolute capacity is explained from different points. The defect of the conversion method used currently for apparent capacity and absolute capacity is pointed out. Furthermore, the two new methods of determining absolute capacity are proposed for improving the test precision. In order to that non-technical person can convert apparent capacity and absolute capacity conveniently, two quick and easy methods are presented. Thirdly, according to the thermodynamic parameters calculated from adsorption test data, further studies of adsorption mechanism of methane on coal are made. It's put forward that, adsorptivity should be evaluated from the three aspects, including specific surface area, adsorption capacity on per surface area and interaction between methane molecule and coal surface. From the adsorption characteristic curve based on potential theory, a formula for adsorption capacity, pressure and temperature is obtained and will be useful in the CBM resource evaluation in deep or virgin areas and other aspects. Fourthly, a new high pressure gas mixing apparatus is established, and experimental procedures for gas mixing and multicomponent gas adsorption test are suggested. Tests of multicomponent gas adsorption of CH4+N2 and CH4+CO2 on different coals are performed, and the predicting model for multicomponent gas adsorption is optimized, which can guide the Enhanced CBM Recovery process by injection of CO2 or N2 gas. In summary, the results of this paper will improve coal adsorption theory and testing method, and provide the theoretical basis for researching CBM storing mechanism and technical support for CBM resource evaluation and economical recovery.
引文
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