基于有限元分析的自升式平台桁架腿选型优化设计
|
摘要
桁架腿以其透空式结构,有效降低了结构重量和波流载荷,成为自升式平台最为常见的桩腿结构型式。对现有平台结构分析表明,桁架腿的拓扑型式、结构形状和构件尺寸设计对平台的结构响应有重要影响。因此,优化技术必将成为改进桩腿结构设计的重要工具。
本文研究了桁架腿结构选型优化设计的理论与数值方法,建立了复杂环境下桁架腿结构的多约束条件的设计模型,并深入研究了在复杂海洋环境作用下的桁架腿自升式平台结构响应的分析技术以及大规模优化设计问题的模型和求解方法。
首先,本文对自存工况下的某自升式平台进行了静力分析,并根据规范对桁架腿结构进行了校核。结果表明,构件的强度和稳定性均满足要求,而且有较大储备,对桁架腿结构进行优化设计是可行且必要的。
在静力分析基础上,本文利用APDL语言建立了K型、X型和inv-K型三种型式桁架腿参数化设计模型,并根据规范给出了强度、刚度、稳定性等约束在ANSYS优化中的合理描述形式。优化过程中,针对两层设计变量耦合困难的问题,采用了分层优化方法。为验证优化模型和方法的可靠性,本文对某自升式平台桁架腿进行了选型优化设计。从优化结果来看,可以得出最优的桩腿型式和尺寸,而且位移响应也相对合理。综上表明,本文所采用的优化模型和方法简单实用,优化效果显著,为自升式平台桁架腿的概念设计提供了一种有效工具。
As the light weight and low hydrodynamic loads obtained from its openwork structure, Truss-type leg is applied to more and more jack-up units. Analysis of existing jack-up units indicates that the topology pattern, configuration dimensions and cross section dimensions of components have an important influence on the structure’s stiffness and intensity. Therefore, the application of advanced design optimization technology can effectively raise the design quality.
The theoretical and numerical methods of structural design optimization for truss-type leg are studied in this thesis. A design optimization model of truss-type leg with multiple constraints is established. The numerical calculation methods of static analysis of structural response under the action of complex ocean environment are presented, and the formulation and solving methods of layout, shape and size optimization for large scale structures are studied.
Static analysis of an existing jack-up unit under survival load case is performed. According to Rules for Building and Classing Mobile Offshore Drilling Units, the stress and displacement of the components satisfied the requirements and have a long way to reach the limit of the codes, which means design optimization for truss-type leg is feasible and necessary.
The parameter models of K-bracing, X-bracing and inv-K bracing truss-type legs are established. Constraints such as stress and displacement are given rational descriptions in ANSYS. The optimization process is divided into two steps to avoid the coupling problem of two kinds of variables. To validate the feasibility of the optimization, a example is performed. The results indicate that the best design can be obtained and the structure response is also relatively smaller after optimization. Therefore, it is convinced that models and methods of optimum lectotype in this thesis are effective and can be a useful tool in the concept design of the jack-up truss-type leg.
本文研究了桁架腿结构选型优化设计的理论与数值方法,建立了复杂环境下桁架腿结构的多约束条件的设计模型,并深入研究了在复杂海洋环境作用下的桁架腿自升式平台结构响应的分析技术以及大规模优化设计问题的模型和求解方法。
首先,本文对自存工况下的某自升式平台进行了静力分析,并根据规范对桁架腿结构进行了校核。结果表明,构件的强度和稳定性均满足要求,而且有较大储备,对桁架腿结构进行优化设计是可行且必要的。
在静力分析基础上,本文利用APDL语言建立了K型、X型和inv-K型三种型式桁架腿参数化设计模型,并根据规范给出了强度、刚度、稳定性等约束在ANSYS优化中的合理描述形式。优化过程中,针对两层设计变量耦合困难的问题,采用了分层优化方法。为验证优化模型和方法的可靠性,本文对某自升式平台桁架腿进行了选型优化设计。从优化结果来看,可以得出最优的桩腿型式和尺寸,而且位移响应也相对合理。综上表明,本文所采用的优化模型和方法简单实用,优化效果显著,为自升式平台桁架腿的概念设计提供了一种有效工具。
As the light weight and low hydrodynamic loads obtained from its openwork structure, Truss-type leg is applied to more and more jack-up units. Analysis of existing jack-up units indicates that the topology pattern, configuration dimensions and cross section dimensions of components have an important influence on the structure’s stiffness and intensity. Therefore, the application of advanced design optimization technology can effectively raise the design quality.
The theoretical and numerical methods of structural design optimization for truss-type leg are studied in this thesis. A design optimization model of truss-type leg with multiple constraints is established. The numerical calculation methods of static analysis of structural response under the action of complex ocean environment are presented, and the formulation and solving methods of layout, shape and size optimization for large scale structures are studied.
Static analysis of an existing jack-up unit under survival load case is performed. According to Rules for Building and Classing Mobile Offshore Drilling Units, the stress and displacement of the components satisfied the requirements and have a long way to reach the limit of the codes, which means design optimization for truss-type leg is feasible and necessary.
The parameter models of K-bracing, X-bracing and inv-K bracing truss-type legs are established. Constraints such as stress and displacement are given rational descriptions in ANSYS. The optimization process is divided into two steps to avoid the coupling problem of two kinds of variables. To validate the feasibility of the optimization, a example is performed. The results indicate that the best design can be obtained and the structure response is also relatively smaller after optimization. Therefore, it is convinced that models and methods of optimum lectotype in this thesis are effective and can be a useful tool in the concept design of the jack-up truss-type leg.
引文
[1]任贵永,海洋活动式平台,天津:天津大学出版社,1989,95~98
[2] Schmit L.A., Structure design by systematic synthesis. Proc. Conf. Elect. Comp. ASCE, New York, 1960: 105~122
[3] Schmit L.A., Farshi B., Some approximation concepts for efficient structural synthesis. AIAA J., 1974, 12(5): 56~62
[4] Schmit L.A., Miura H., Approximation concepts for efficient structural synthesis. NASA CR 2552, 1976
[5] Venkayya V.B., Design of optimum structures. Comp.& Struct.,1971(1):112~123
[6] Gellatly R.A., Berke L., Gibson W., The use of optimality criteria in automated structural design. Paper Presented at the 3rd Conf. on Matrix Methods in Struct. Mech., WPAFB., 1971
[7] Kiusalass J., Minimum weight design of structures via optimality criteria. NASA TND 7115, 1972
[8] Berke L, Khot N S. Use of optimality criteria methods for large scale systems. AGARD Leyure SEVIES, No.70, On structural optimization, 1974
[9] Rozvany G I N. Structural design via optimality criteria. Dordrecht: Kluwer, The Netherlands, 1989
[10]钱令希,工程结构优化设计,北京:水利电力出版社,1983
[11]Fleury C., Structural weight optimization by dual method of convex programming. International Journal for Numerical methods in Engineering, 1979,14:1761~1783
[12]Schmit L.A., Fleury C., Structural synthesis by combining approximation concepts and dual methods. AIAA, 1980, (18):1252~1260
[13]王光远,周正源,霍达,结构优化设计的两相优化法,力学学报,1983
[14]霍达,多工况结构优化的两相优化法,哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报,1984
[15]隋允康,阳志光,应用两点有理逼近改进的牛顿法和对偶法,大连理工大学学报,1994,2(34):1~9
[16]隋允康,刑誉峰,张桂明,基于两点累积信息的原/倒变量展开的对偶优化方法,力学学报,1994,11(26):699~710
[17]隋允康,于新,曲线寻优的收敛性和近似解析解法,大连理工大学报,1995
[18]隋允康,结构优化的曲线寻优理论及其逼近论和常微分方程组解法,中国学术期刊文摘,1995
[19]隋允康,林龙富,求解非线性规划的序列有理规划SRP方法,计算结构力学及其应用,1994,5(11):210~212
[20]隋允康,叶宝瑞,一种方便实用的有理逼近及其对于大量优化方法的改进,运筹学杂志,1993,6(12):452~466
[21]Dorn W.S., Gomory R.E, Greenoerg H.J., Automatic design of optimal structures. Journal de Mechanics.1964, (3):25~52
[22]Cornell C.A., Examples of optimization design. An Introduction to Structural Optimization, 1968(1), Solid Mechanics Division, Univ. of Waterloo, Canada
[23]Pederson P., On the minimum mass layout of trusses. Conf. Proc. No.36, Symposium on Structural Optimization, AGARD-CP, 1970
[24]Zienkiewicz C.O., Calmpbell J.S., Shape optimization and sequential linear programming, Optimal Structural Design, 1973
[25]Kirsch U., Synthesis of structural geometry using approximation concepts. Comp. Struct., 1982, 15(3):358~365
[26]Topping B.H.V., Shape optimization of skeletal structures, a review. Struct. Engrg., 1983, ASCE, 109(8):53~69
[27]王希诚,钱令希,多层次联合的结构优化设计,计算结构力学及其应用,1988,7(4):2~8
[28]隋允康,由衷,具有两类变量的空间桁架分层优化方法,计算结构力学及其应用,1990,5(4):82~93
[29]王光远,论工程优化,计算结构力学及其应用,1994,11(2):1~6
[30]周明,夏人伟,结构外形优化的一种有效方法,航空学报,1998,7(6):35~41
[31]刘军伟,姜节胜,格架动力学形状优化的统一设计变量方法,振动工程学报,2000,13(l):84~88
[32]高峰,桁架结构形状优化的理论与基于MSC/NASTRAN的软件二次开发:[硕士学位论文],北京;北京工业大学,2003
[33]Farkas J., Optimum Design of Circular Hollow Section Beam-Columns. ISOPE,1992,(4):494~499
[34]Tom Lessen, Optimum Design of Three-Dimensional Framework Structures. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1993, 119, No.3:713~727
[35]Chou F.S., A minimization scheme for the motions and forces of an ocean platform in random seas. SNAME Trans., 1977(85):32~50
[36]胡涛,肖熙,孟庆毓,海洋平台结构整体优化设计,中国海洋平台,2001,16(l):15~21
[37]Feng Sheng, Song yupu, Structure Shape Optimum Design of Offshore Jacket P1atforms, China Ocean Engineering, 2000
[38]马红艳,海洋平台结构优化设计方法与软件:[博士学位论文],大连;大连理工大学,2003
[39]Akagi S., Ito.K., Optimum design of semisubmersible form by minimizing its motion in random seas. Mechanism Transmissions&Automation in Design, Trans ASME, 1984(106):524~530
[40]Clauss G.F., Birk L., Hydrodynamic shape optimization of large offshore structures. Applied Ocean Research, 1996(18):157~171
[41]鲍国斌,李润培,顾永宁,张力腿平台的尺度优化设计,船舶工程,1999,(1):11~13
[42]白新理,结构优化设计,河南:黄河水利出版社,2008.1~148
[43]龚曙光,谢桂兰,ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程,北京:机械工业出版社,2004.1~106
[44]ANSYS中国公司,ANSYS高级技术分析指南
[45]ABS, Rules for Building and Classing Mobile Offshore Drilling Units, 2006.59~63
[46]古国维,黄友钦,南海一号平台改装为临时生产装置的桩腿结构验算,中国海上油气工程,1992,4(1):17~22
[2] Schmit L.A., Structure design by systematic synthesis. Proc. Conf. Elect. Comp. ASCE, New York, 1960: 105~122
[3] Schmit L.A., Farshi B., Some approximation concepts for efficient structural synthesis. AIAA J., 1974, 12(5): 56~62
[4] Schmit L.A., Miura H., Approximation concepts for efficient structural synthesis. NASA CR 2552, 1976
[5] Venkayya V.B., Design of optimum structures. Comp.& Struct.,1971(1):112~123
[6] Gellatly R.A., Berke L., Gibson W., The use of optimality criteria in automated structural design. Paper Presented at the 3rd Conf. on Matrix Methods in Struct. Mech., WPAFB., 1971
[7] Kiusalass J., Minimum weight design of structures via optimality criteria. NASA TND 7115, 1972
[8] Berke L, Khot N S. Use of optimality criteria methods for large scale systems. AGARD Leyure SEVIES, No.70, On structural optimization, 1974
[9] Rozvany G I N. Structural design via optimality criteria. Dordrecht: Kluwer, The Netherlands, 1989
[10]钱令希,工程结构优化设计,北京:水利电力出版社,1983
[11]Fleury C., Structural weight optimization by dual method of convex programming. International Journal for Numerical methods in Engineering, 1979,14:1761~1783
[12]Schmit L.A., Fleury C., Structural synthesis by combining approximation concepts and dual methods. AIAA, 1980, (18):1252~1260
[13]王光远,周正源,霍达,结构优化设计的两相优化法,力学学报,1983
[14]霍达,多工况结构优化的两相优化法,哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报,1984
[15]隋允康,阳志光,应用两点有理逼近改进的牛顿法和对偶法,大连理工大学学报,1994,2(34):1~9
[16]隋允康,刑誉峰,张桂明,基于两点累积信息的原/倒变量展开的对偶优化方法,力学学报,1994,11(26):699~710
[17]隋允康,于新,曲线寻优的收敛性和近似解析解法,大连理工大学报,1995
[18]隋允康,结构优化的曲线寻优理论及其逼近论和常微分方程组解法,中国学术期刊文摘,1995
[19]隋允康,林龙富,求解非线性规划的序列有理规划SRP方法,计算结构力学及其应用,1994,5(11):210~212
[20]隋允康,叶宝瑞,一种方便实用的有理逼近及其对于大量优化方法的改进,运筹学杂志,1993,6(12):452~466
[21]Dorn W.S., Gomory R.E, Greenoerg H.J., Automatic design of optimal structures. Journal de Mechanics.1964, (3):25~52
[22]Cornell C.A., Examples of optimization design. An Introduction to Structural Optimization, 1968(1), Solid Mechanics Division, Univ. of Waterloo, Canada
[23]Pederson P., On the minimum mass layout of trusses. Conf. Proc. No.36, Symposium on Structural Optimization, AGARD-CP, 1970
[24]Zienkiewicz C.O., Calmpbell J.S., Shape optimization and sequential linear programming, Optimal Structural Design, 1973
[25]Kirsch U., Synthesis of structural geometry using approximation concepts. Comp. Struct., 1982, 15(3):358~365
[26]Topping B.H.V., Shape optimization of skeletal structures, a review. Struct. Engrg., 1983, ASCE, 109(8):53~69
[27]王希诚,钱令希,多层次联合的结构优化设计,计算结构力学及其应用,1988,7(4):2~8
[28]隋允康,由衷,具有两类变量的空间桁架分层优化方法,计算结构力学及其应用,1990,5(4):82~93
[29]王光远,论工程优化,计算结构力学及其应用,1994,11(2):1~6
[30]周明,夏人伟,结构外形优化的一种有效方法,航空学报,1998,7(6):35~41
[31]刘军伟,姜节胜,格架动力学形状优化的统一设计变量方法,振动工程学报,2000,13(l):84~88
[32]高峰,桁架结构形状优化的理论与基于MSC/NASTRAN的软件二次开发:[硕士学位论文],北京;北京工业大学,2003
[33]Farkas J., Optimum Design of Circular Hollow Section Beam-Columns. ISOPE,1992,(4):494~499
[34]Tom Lessen, Optimum Design of Three-Dimensional Framework Structures. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1993, 119, No.3:713~727
[35]Chou F.S., A minimization scheme for the motions and forces of an ocean platform in random seas. SNAME Trans., 1977(85):32~50
[36]胡涛,肖熙,孟庆毓,海洋平台结构整体优化设计,中国海洋平台,2001,16(l):15~21
[37]Feng Sheng, Song yupu, Structure Shape Optimum Design of Offshore Jacket P1atforms, China Ocean Engineering, 2000
[38]马红艳,海洋平台结构优化设计方法与软件:[博士学位论文],大连;大连理工大学,2003
[39]Akagi S., Ito.K., Optimum design of semisubmersible form by minimizing its motion in random seas. Mechanism Transmissions&Automation in Design, Trans ASME, 1984(106):524~530
[40]Clauss G.F., Birk L., Hydrodynamic shape optimization of large offshore structures. Applied Ocean Research, 1996(18):157~171
[41]鲍国斌,李润培,顾永宁,张力腿平台的尺度优化设计,船舶工程,1999,(1):11~13
[42]白新理,结构优化设计,河南:黄河水利出版社,2008.1~148
[43]龚曙光,谢桂兰,ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程,北京:机械工业出版社,2004.1~106
[44]ANSYS中国公司,ANSYS高级技术分析指南
[45]ABS, Rules for Building and Classing Mobile Offshore Drilling Units, 2006.59~63
[46]古国维,黄友钦,南海一号平台改装为临时生产装置的桩腿结构验算,中国海上油气工程,1992,4(1):17~22