基于红外成像的混凝土结构完整性评估
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摘要
选题来源于国家自然科学基金重点项目——机敏混凝土及其结构(项目号:50238040)和国家自然科学基金面上项目——碳纤维智能层的多场耦合机理及其场域诊断(项目号:10672128)。
由于混凝土材料及其结构失效的复杂性,工程结构的不确定性,为了综合考虑安全与经济问题,基于可靠性设计的工程结构在其全寿命周期的不同阶段,先后表现为设计问题、质量问题、适用问题、维护问题等。在役混凝土结构的状态调查、强度评定、裂缝评价、寿命预测、健康监测、风险管理等一直是国内外研究的重点和热点。论文即以混凝土结构为研究对象,以完整性评估为研究内容,以红外成像为技术手段,以损伤力学和分形理论为研究方法,以导热-损伤耦合为研究主题,从理论、实验和分形三个方面系统研究了混凝土缺陷演化及其对导热性能劣化与累积损伤的影响程度和相互关系。论文主要成果与创新之处如下:
1、提出了混凝土结构完整性评估问题和用导热-损伤耦合描述完整性的评估方法。从综述并建立事故归因模型、材料失效模型、混凝土损伤模型等出发,提出了结构完整性问题就是研究结构中的缺陷演化及其对既定性能和规定功能的影响程度。对于混凝土结构而言,表现为微裂纹群的混沌演化及其损伤累积和性能劣化的过程与状态,适宜采用混凝土损伤场描述和评估其完整性。
2、阐明了混凝土导热-损伤耦合的理论依据。定量分析了有缺陷或无缺陷对应表面的温度场,结果表明温度场是导热系数的函数,从而为用红外成像的温度场描述和表征损伤场奠定了理论基础;定量表达了混凝土损伤演化的混沌现象,为用分形方法描述和表征红外成像的温度场奠定了理论基础。在此基础上,凝炼了混凝土导热-损伤耦合的内涵。
3、提取了基于红外热像的混凝土分形损伤表征因子。重点研究了不同损伤场对应表面温度场的捕获(红外成像法)及其损伤表征因子的提取(分形维数法)。前者主要包括热源、成像和样本问题,即导热-损伤耦合的实验研究;后者主要包括分形维数的描述、计算和分析问题,即导热-损伤耦合的分形研究。
4、建立了基于分形维数的混凝土结构完整性评估体系。混凝土结构的完整性由损伤场表达,损伤场由温度场表现,温度场由热图像表明,热图像由分形维表征,并提出基于分形损伤表征因子的混凝土结构完整性评估判据,构成了一个完整性评估体系。
通过对混凝土结构导热-损伤耦合的理论研究、实验研究和分形研究,结果表明:用先进的红外成像技术提取的不同温度场对应着不同损伤场,表现为不同热图像,通过对该图像的分形计算与分析,简单分形维数(采用多网度分形计算)随着损伤加剧而先缓慢后急剧增加,多重分形特征值(采用多重分形计算)随着损伤加剧而先缓慢再急剧后又缓慢增加。在此定性结论的基础上,进一步定义了分形损伤变量和分形演化参数,提出了评估混凝土结构完整性的全量差值法和增量比值法。
本论文研究成果,对混凝土结构的完整性评估具有重要指导意义,对红外成像无损检测技术的应用具有一定推动作用。
The research of this paper is supported by NSFC key project(50238040) and NSFC(10672128).
Owing to the complexity of the failure of concrete and its structures, and the indeterminacy of the engineering structures, synthetically considering the safety and economy, the problem of design, quality, application and maintenance appears successively in the different phases of the life cycle of the engineering structures designed on the base of reliability. Much attention focused on the state survey, intensity assessment, crack evaluation, life-span forecast, health monitoring and risk management of existing concrete structures in recent years. Aimed at the integrity assessment of concrete structures, focused on the heat transfer -damage coupling, by means of IR Imaging technology, damage mechanics and theory of fractal, this thesis carries on systemic research on defect evolution of concrete and the degree of its effect together with the interrelation to the weakening of thermal conductivity and the cumulation of the damage from three aspects including theories, experiments and fractal. The study's main findings and conclusions are as follows:
(1) Development of concrete structure integrity assessment problem and method with damage field description of integrity assessment. Based on the summarization and establishment of attribution model for accidents, failure model for materials and damage mechanism of concrete, the viewpoint that structure integrity problem is to research on the defect evolution and the degree of its effects on fixed performance and prescriptive function is put forward. Damage field is appropriate to describing and evaluating concrete integrity because it acts as chaos evolvement of the micro-cracks and weakening of its capability.
(2) Establishment of theoretical model of heat transfer -damage coupling for concrete. The exterior temperature field with and without crack are quantificationally analysed. The result shows that temperature field is the function of the thermal conductivity, which is the theoretical base of describing and characterizing the damage field with the IR Imaging temperature field. The chaotic evolution of concrete damage is quantificationally expressed, which establishes the foundation of describing and characterizing the IR Imaging temperature field. So the connotation of concrete heat conducting -damage coupling is sublimed.
(3) Pick-up of the characterizing factors based on the IR images of concrete fractal damage. This study focuses on the exterior temperature field(IR Imaging method) acquisition corresponding to different damage field and pick-up of characterizing factors(fractal dimension method). The first one mainly includes problems of the heating source, imaging and the swatches, i.e. experimental research on heat conducting -damage coupling; the second one mainly includes description, calculation and analysis of fractal dimension, i.e. fractal dimension research on heat conducting -damage coupling.
(4) Establishment of integrity assessment system based on the fractal dimensions of concrete structures. The integrity of concrete structures is described by the field, the damage field is represented by the temperature field, the temperature field is indicated by the IR image, and the IR image is characterized by the fractal dimensions. The integrity assessment criterion based on the fractal dimensions and damage characterizing factors of concrete structures is proposed, and a integrity assessment system is formed. By means of the theoretical, experimental and fractal dimension research on heat transfer -damage coupling for the concrete structures, it is concluded that the different temperature fields picked up by IR imaging technology corresponds to different damage fields, and act as different IR images. the fractal dimension calculations and analysis are done for these images, the result shows that with the enhance of the damage, single fractal dimensions rise first slowly and then rapidly, while mutifractal eigenvalue first rises and then decreases. Based on this conclusion, further definition of damage variables is gained and total difference method and increment ratio method for concrete structure assessment are proposed.
This research is of important significance on the integrity assessment of concrete structures, and some promotion to the application of non-destructive testing.
由于混凝土材料及其结构失效的复杂性,工程结构的不确定性,为了综合考虑安全与经济问题,基于可靠性设计的工程结构在其全寿命周期的不同阶段,先后表现为设计问题、质量问题、适用问题、维护问题等。在役混凝土结构的状态调查、强度评定、裂缝评价、寿命预测、健康监测、风险管理等一直是国内外研究的重点和热点。论文即以混凝土结构为研究对象,以完整性评估为研究内容,以红外成像为技术手段,以损伤力学和分形理论为研究方法,以导热-损伤耦合为研究主题,从理论、实验和分形三个方面系统研究了混凝土缺陷演化及其对导热性能劣化与累积损伤的影响程度和相互关系。论文主要成果与创新之处如下:
1、提出了混凝土结构完整性评估问题和用导热-损伤耦合描述完整性的评估方法。从综述并建立事故归因模型、材料失效模型、混凝土损伤模型等出发,提出了结构完整性问题就是研究结构中的缺陷演化及其对既定性能和规定功能的影响程度。对于混凝土结构而言,表现为微裂纹群的混沌演化及其损伤累积和性能劣化的过程与状态,适宜采用混凝土损伤场描述和评估其完整性。
2、阐明了混凝土导热-损伤耦合的理论依据。定量分析了有缺陷或无缺陷对应表面的温度场,结果表明温度场是导热系数的函数,从而为用红外成像的温度场描述和表征损伤场奠定了理论基础;定量表达了混凝土损伤演化的混沌现象,为用分形方法描述和表征红外成像的温度场奠定了理论基础。在此基础上,凝炼了混凝土导热-损伤耦合的内涵。
3、提取了基于红外热像的混凝土分形损伤表征因子。重点研究了不同损伤场对应表面温度场的捕获(红外成像法)及其损伤表征因子的提取(分形维数法)。前者主要包括热源、成像和样本问题,即导热-损伤耦合的实验研究;后者主要包括分形维数的描述、计算和分析问题,即导热-损伤耦合的分形研究。
4、建立了基于分形维数的混凝土结构完整性评估体系。混凝土结构的完整性由损伤场表达,损伤场由温度场表现,温度场由热图像表明,热图像由分形维表征,并提出基于分形损伤表征因子的混凝土结构完整性评估判据,构成了一个完整性评估体系。
通过对混凝土结构导热-损伤耦合的理论研究、实验研究和分形研究,结果表明:用先进的红外成像技术提取的不同温度场对应着不同损伤场,表现为不同热图像,通过对该图像的分形计算与分析,简单分形维数(采用多网度分形计算)随着损伤加剧而先缓慢后急剧增加,多重分形特征值(采用多重分形计算)随着损伤加剧而先缓慢再急剧后又缓慢增加。在此定性结论的基础上,进一步定义了分形损伤变量和分形演化参数,提出了评估混凝土结构完整性的全量差值法和增量比值法。
本论文研究成果,对混凝土结构的完整性评估具有重要指导意义,对红外成像无损检测技术的应用具有一定推动作用。
The research of this paper is supported by NSFC key project(50238040) and NSFC(10672128).
Owing to the complexity of the failure of concrete and its structures, and the indeterminacy of the engineering structures, synthetically considering the safety and economy, the problem of design, quality, application and maintenance appears successively in the different phases of the life cycle of the engineering structures designed on the base of reliability. Much attention focused on the state survey, intensity assessment, crack evaluation, life-span forecast, health monitoring and risk management of existing concrete structures in recent years. Aimed at the integrity assessment of concrete structures, focused on the heat transfer -damage coupling, by means of IR Imaging technology, damage mechanics and theory of fractal, this thesis carries on systemic research on defect evolution of concrete and the degree of its effect together with the interrelation to the weakening of thermal conductivity and the cumulation of the damage from three aspects including theories, experiments and fractal. The study's main findings and conclusions are as follows:
(1) Development of concrete structure integrity assessment problem and method with damage field description of integrity assessment. Based on the summarization and establishment of attribution model for accidents, failure model for materials and damage mechanism of concrete, the viewpoint that structure integrity problem is to research on the defect evolution and the degree of its effects on fixed performance and prescriptive function is put forward. Damage field is appropriate to describing and evaluating concrete integrity because it acts as chaos evolvement of the micro-cracks and weakening of its capability.
(2) Establishment of theoretical model of heat transfer -damage coupling for concrete. The exterior temperature field with and without crack are quantificationally analysed. The result shows that temperature field is the function of the thermal conductivity, which is the theoretical base of describing and characterizing the damage field with the IR Imaging temperature field. The chaotic evolution of concrete damage is quantificationally expressed, which establishes the foundation of describing and characterizing the IR Imaging temperature field. So the connotation of concrete heat conducting -damage coupling is sublimed.
(3) Pick-up of the characterizing factors based on the IR images of concrete fractal damage. This study focuses on the exterior temperature field(IR Imaging method) acquisition corresponding to different damage field and pick-up of characterizing factors(fractal dimension method). The first one mainly includes problems of the heating source, imaging and the swatches, i.e. experimental research on heat conducting -damage coupling; the second one mainly includes description, calculation and analysis of fractal dimension, i.e. fractal dimension research on heat conducting -damage coupling.
(4) Establishment of integrity assessment system based on the fractal dimensions of concrete structures. The integrity of concrete structures is described by the field, the damage field is represented by the temperature field, the temperature field is indicated by the IR image, and the IR image is characterized by the fractal dimensions. The integrity assessment criterion based on the fractal dimensions and damage characterizing factors of concrete structures is proposed, and a integrity assessment system is formed. By means of the theoretical, experimental and fractal dimension research on heat transfer -damage coupling for the concrete structures, it is concluded that the different temperature fields picked up by IR imaging technology corresponds to different damage fields, and act as different IR images. the fractal dimension calculations and analysis are done for these images, the result shows that with the enhance of the damage, single fractal dimensions rise first slowly and then rapidly, while mutifractal eigenvalue first rises and then decreases. Based on this conclusion, further definition of damage variables is gained and total difference method and increment ratio method for concrete structure assessment are proposed.
This research is of important significance on the integrity assessment of concrete structures, and some promotion to the application of non-destructive testing.
引文
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