简控灵巧子弹控制技术研究与射击效能分析
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摘要
战斗部子母化以及发展各种新型灵巧子弹,是提高当前远程打击武器平台作战能力的重要发展方向。为适应实战中对攻击点目标和大型线目标武器的需求,提高子弹攻击精度,提升子母战斗部的作战效费比,本文在以“捷联成像探测器+简控装置”为工作体制的简控灵巧弹设计思想的基础上,具体研究了攻击点目标的“多次修正弹”和攻击大型线目标的“增速末修弹”两种子弹药的控制技术和射击效能等问题。主要内容如下:
(1)系统阐述了简控灵巧弹的工作原理,根据弹道导弹和防区外机载布撒器两种远程投放平台的实际工作环境,确定了两种子弹的总体结构、弹道修正方法和工作过程。
(2)在适当简化条件下,应用动态特性分析方法,研究了“多次修正弹”这类小型尾翼稳定旋转弹在控制力及干扰力矩作用下的稳定性和操纵性问题。从维持运动稳定性角度出发,提出总体设计时应考虑的转速设计参考范围。用数值方法计算分析了弹体对脉冲作用的动态响应。
(3)研究了捷联成像导引头的“多次修正弹”导引律及其实现问题。推导了考虑相对加速度的待飞时间估计方法,使待飞时间的估算更接近实际值。给出利用捷联导引头测量信息实现脉冲比例导引律的方法。利用捷联导引头运动学方程建立视线转率估计模型,对自适应滤波器在脉冲比例导引律上应用进行初步探索,在一定条件下可以抑制测量噪声的干扰。
(4)研究了“增速末修弹”控制方法。利用小扰动方法分析了伞-弹系统稳态扫描角变化规律,给出了控制系统的参考状态,在此基础上设计了增速修正一体化控制方法。
(5)研究了“增速末修弹”抛撒出舱后的二次弹道并进行精度分析。建立描述增速末修弹伞-弹系统柱铰斜置连接的统一的质点刚体动力学模型,确定了伞-弹系统飞行时序。建立描述子弹群在启控点处散布的近似模型,提高了仿真计算速度。
(6)研究了装载“增速末修弹”的机载布撒器对跑道毁伤效能。以跑道整体失效概率为毁伤评估指标,利用Monte-Carlo打靶和解析法相结合的方法计算整条跑道失效概率。提出一种物理意义清晰、简单易行的“边界窗口扫描法”来判定相邻两个攻击区域之间是否存在最小起降窗口,最终建立完整的布撒器子母弹对机场跑道毁伤效果评估方法。
(7)提出理论上能够横向切断机场跑道的多瞄准线攻击策略,以跑道失效率为目标函数,给出利用重复攻击提高首轮攻击封锁概率的最优攻击方案。
简控灵巧弹是符合我国国情的低成本新型弹药,通过目标探测和弹道修正,能够大幅提高子弹作战效能。本文的工作可为类似弹药设计及相关问题的研究提供有益参考。
It is an important trend to evolve various cargo warheads and smart submunitions for improving the combat capability of long-range weapon platforms. In order to enhance the cost-efficient and improve the accuracy of attack, and adapt to the requirement of point target and line target, the theory and its applications of smart submunition are researched in this dissertation. The work conception adopted by the submunition is“strap-down image seeker and simply control unit”. In the concept of the smart submunition, two specific researches are carried out: the contorl method and the firing effectiveness analysis of terminal multi-correction submunition (TMCS) for point target and terminal propelment and correction submunition (TPCS) for runway. The dissertation focuses on the following subjects:
(1) The work principle of smart submunition is introduced. According with the actual work conditions of the ballistic missile warhead and the standoff airborne dispenser, the structure and work process of the TMCS and TPCS are established.
(2) In the approximate conditions, the stability and maneuverability are studied using dynamics characteristics analysis method. From the perspective of maintaining stability of motion, the reference range of rotation rate is proposed. The dynamic response of pulse is analyzed by numerical methodology.
(3) The problem of terminal guidance law and its implementation of TMCS are studied. Considering the relative acceleration, the time-to-go estimate method is derived, which makes estimation result closer to the actual value. A terminal guidance method is present which utilizes the information measurement from the seeker directly. Line-of-sight (LOS) estimate model is deduced from kinematic equation of strap-down seeker, the preliminary exploration of the application of using adaptive filter on pulsed proportional navigation (PPN) is made. In some given condition, the disturbance of measurement noise can be eliminated.
(4) The control method of TPCS is established. The characteristics of steady-state rotation angle scanning are qualitatively analyzed. Hence, the reference parameters, which required by control system design, are determined.
(5) Based on the characteristics of the various stages of trajectory, the unified parachute-bomb system model of mass-rigid connected by column hinge and the approximate simulation mathematical model for the distribution is established. The efficiency of Monte-Carlo simulation is enhanced using the distributed model of submunitions given before.
(6) The interdiction effectiveness of standoff dispenser is studied. Based on tactical strategy of segmental blocking runway, the“border window scan”method is used to search the minimum lift window (MLW) between the two damaged areas. Afterward the method of disable probability of runway (DPR) is established.
(7) The multi-aim-line strategy is proposed, under which the runway will be blocked theoretically. According to the characteristic of dispenser, an optimal strategy of the first round attack is given.
The new-type smart submunition is a kind of low-cost cargo warhead, and its cost-efficient will be enhanced through detection of target and trajectory correction. Therefore, the submunition researched in this dissertation is able to meet the requirement of our national defence. The work present in this dissertation can provide analysis and demonstration methods for other similar designs.
(1)系统阐述了简控灵巧弹的工作原理,根据弹道导弹和防区外机载布撒器两种远程投放平台的实际工作环境,确定了两种子弹的总体结构、弹道修正方法和工作过程。
(2)在适当简化条件下,应用动态特性分析方法,研究了“多次修正弹”这类小型尾翼稳定旋转弹在控制力及干扰力矩作用下的稳定性和操纵性问题。从维持运动稳定性角度出发,提出总体设计时应考虑的转速设计参考范围。用数值方法计算分析了弹体对脉冲作用的动态响应。
(3)研究了捷联成像导引头的“多次修正弹”导引律及其实现问题。推导了考虑相对加速度的待飞时间估计方法,使待飞时间的估算更接近实际值。给出利用捷联导引头测量信息实现脉冲比例导引律的方法。利用捷联导引头运动学方程建立视线转率估计模型,对自适应滤波器在脉冲比例导引律上应用进行初步探索,在一定条件下可以抑制测量噪声的干扰。
(4)研究了“增速末修弹”控制方法。利用小扰动方法分析了伞-弹系统稳态扫描角变化规律,给出了控制系统的参考状态,在此基础上设计了增速修正一体化控制方法。
(5)研究了“增速末修弹”抛撒出舱后的二次弹道并进行精度分析。建立描述增速末修弹伞-弹系统柱铰斜置连接的统一的质点刚体动力学模型,确定了伞-弹系统飞行时序。建立描述子弹群在启控点处散布的近似模型,提高了仿真计算速度。
(6)研究了装载“增速末修弹”的机载布撒器对跑道毁伤效能。以跑道整体失效概率为毁伤评估指标,利用Monte-Carlo打靶和解析法相结合的方法计算整条跑道失效概率。提出一种物理意义清晰、简单易行的“边界窗口扫描法”来判定相邻两个攻击区域之间是否存在最小起降窗口,最终建立完整的布撒器子母弹对机场跑道毁伤效果评估方法。
(7)提出理论上能够横向切断机场跑道的多瞄准线攻击策略,以跑道失效率为目标函数,给出利用重复攻击提高首轮攻击封锁概率的最优攻击方案。
简控灵巧弹是符合我国国情的低成本新型弹药,通过目标探测和弹道修正,能够大幅提高子弹作战效能。本文的工作可为类似弹药设计及相关问题的研究提供有益参考。
It is an important trend to evolve various cargo warheads and smart submunitions for improving the combat capability of long-range weapon platforms. In order to enhance the cost-efficient and improve the accuracy of attack, and adapt to the requirement of point target and line target, the theory and its applications of smart submunition are researched in this dissertation. The work conception adopted by the submunition is“strap-down image seeker and simply control unit”. In the concept of the smart submunition, two specific researches are carried out: the contorl method and the firing effectiveness analysis of terminal multi-correction submunition (TMCS) for point target and terminal propelment and correction submunition (TPCS) for runway. The dissertation focuses on the following subjects:
(1) The work principle of smart submunition is introduced. According with the actual work conditions of the ballistic missile warhead and the standoff airborne dispenser, the structure and work process of the TMCS and TPCS are established.
(2) In the approximate conditions, the stability and maneuverability are studied using dynamics characteristics analysis method. From the perspective of maintaining stability of motion, the reference range of rotation rate is proposed. The dynamic response of pulse is analyzed by numerical methodology.
(3) The problem of terminal guidance law and its implementation of TMCS are studied. Considering the relative acceleration, the time-to-go estimate method is derived, which makes estimation result closer to the actual value. A terminal guidance method is present which utilizes the information measurement from the seeker directly. Line-of-sight (LOS) estimate model is deduced from kinematic equation of strap-down seeker, the preliminary exploration of the application of using adaptive filter on pulsed proportional navigation (PPN) is made. In some given condition, the disturbance of measurement noise can be eliminated.
(4) The control method of TPCS is established. The characteristics of steady-state rotation angle scanning are qualitatively analyzed. Hence, the reference parameters, which required by control system design, are determined.
(5) Based on the characteristics of the various stages of trajectory, the unified parachute-bomb system model of mass-rigid connected by column hinge and the approximate simulation mathematical model for the distribution is established. The efficiency of Monte-Carlo simulation is enhanced using the distributed model of submunitions given before.
(6) The interdiction effectiveness of standoff dispenser is studied. Based on tactical strategy of segmental blocking runway, the“border window scan”method is used to search the minimum lift window (MLW) between the two damaged areas. Afterward the method of disable probability of runway (DPR) is established.
(7) The multi-aim-line strategy is proposed, under which the runway will be blocked theoretically. According to the characteristic of dispenser, an optimal strategy of the first round attack is given.
The new-type smart submunition is a kind of low-cost cargo warhead, and its cost-efficient will be enhanced through detection of target and trajectory correction. Therefore, the submunition researched in this dissertation is able to meet the requirement of our national defence. The work present in this dissertation can provide analysis and demonstration methods for other similar designs.
引文
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