适用于探空火箭的图像压缩算法研究
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摘要
基于探空火箭平台的微重力实验在我国尚属空白，为保证我国在空间领域的领先地位，急需开展基于探空火箭平台的微重力实验。图像是微重力科学实验的最直观的表达，箭上图像的实时压缩与传输对实验成功与否起着至关重要的作用。本文在深入调研各国探空火箭微重力实验进展的基础上，根据微重力科学实验的特点设计了一种适用于探空火箭的图像系统；在深入研究小波分析理论和小波图像压缩原理的基础上，设计了适用于探空火箭的低比特率有损图像压缩算法和无损图像压缩算法。主要工作和创新点如下：
提出了一种适用于探空火箭的图像系统设计方案。按照该方案，探空火箭图像系统由箭上图像处理单元和地面接收显示单元组成。箭上图像处理单元通过相应的功能模块完成实验图像的采集、编码、信道编码与无线传输；地面解码显示单元通过相应的功能模块完成图像信号的接收、信源解码、图像解码与显示。该系统可根据微重力实验的科学需求，实时调整图像采集分辨率和图像编码的压缩比与帧速率。
设计了一种适用于探空火箭的低内存、低复杂度、高效率的易于硬件实现的低比特率有损图像压缩算法。算法采取消除链表和提高扫描效率的一些手段，大大提升了原始多级树的集合分类算法（SPIHT, Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees）算法的峰值信噪比（PSNR，Peak Signal to Noise Ration）性能和实时性能。
设计了一种适用于探空火箭的无损图像压缩算法。算法对小波系数各子带按属性分块处理。对低频子带首先采用差分脉冲编码调制（DPCM，differential pulse-code modulation）编码压缩数据动态范围，然后采用改进比特位平面编码输出对应码流；对高频各子块则分别使用各自阈值进行量化编码。通过引入A类集合的判断，高频子块编码算法优化了码流输出，提升了压缩性能；通过消除链表和提升扫描效率的手段，算法内存显著减低，编码速度明显提高。
Sounding rocket based micro-gravity platform has not been developed in china. In order tohold superiority in space science, it is really in dire need to develop sounding rokcetmicrogravity experiment platform. Image is the fitest expression of micro-gravity experiment, sothe image's real compression and transmission is vital for the success of microgravity experiment.Based on deep investigation and research on progress of sounding rocket based micro-gravityexperiment, this paper proposes an image system which fits sounding rocket well. Through theresearch on wavelet analysis theory and principle of wavelet image compression, this paperproposes a low bit rate lossy image compression algorithm and a lossless image compressionalgortism that both fit sounding rocket image system.
The main work of this dissertation is summarized as follows.
Firstly, this dissertation proposes a design scheme for sounding rockt digital image system.This system supplies the real-time adjustment to the image’s sampling resolution, frame rate andcompression ratio based on the scientific requirements of microgravity experiments. In ourdesign scheme, sounding rocket digital image system includes two systems: on board imageprocessing unit and ground receiving and decoding unit. On board image processing unit usingcorresponding modules to realize image acquiring, coding, storing, and transmission; groundreceiving and decoding unit uses corresponding modules to realize image receiving, decodingand displaying.
Secondly, this paper designs low bit rate lossy image compression algorithm for soundingrocket, it has the advantages of low memory requirement low complexity, high efficiency andfitting for hardware implementation. The proposed algorithm adopts some technigues toeliminate lists of original SPIHT algorithm and enhance the algorithm's scanning efficiency.Compared with original SPIHT algorithm, the proposed algorithm has super performance inPSNR and coding speed.
Thirdly, this papar proposes a sounding rocket fitted lossless image compression algorithm.The algorithm deals wavelet coefficients differently according to their subband property. The lowfrequency subband fristly uses DPCM coding method to reduce the wavelet coefficients' datadynamic range, then uses a modifed bit plane coding method to output the bit stream. The highfrequency subband is divied into three parts according to their band component, then codes themwith their thresholds repectively. In high frequency sub-part coding algorithm, by using type Aset's judge, the algorithm optimizes the outputted bit stream, enhances the compression ratio. Also, through eliminating the lists and using advanced scaning methods, the algorithm reducesthe memory requirement, and becomes more efficient.
提出了一种适用于探空火箭的图像系统设计方案。按照该方案，探空火箭图像系统由箭上图像处理单元和地面接收显示单元组成。箭上图像处理单元通过相应的功能模块完成实验图像的采集、编码、信道编码与无线传输；地面解码显示单元通过相应的功能模块完成图像信号的接收、信源解码、图像解码与显示。该系统可根据微重力实验的科学需求，实时调整图像采集分辨率和图像编码的压缩比与帧速率。
设计了一种适用于探空火箭的低内存、低复杂度、高效率的易于硬件实现的低比特率有损图像压缩算法。算法采取消除链表和提高扫描效率的一些手段，大大提升了原始多级树的集合分类算法（SPIHT, Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees）算法的峰值信噪比（PSNR，Peak Signal to Noise Ration）性能和实时性能。
设计了一种适用于探空火箭的无损图像压缩算法。算法对小波系数各子带按属性分块处理。对低频子带首先采用差分脉冲编码调制（DPCM，differential pulse-code modulation）编码压缩数据动态范围，然后采用改进比特位平面编码输出对应码流；对高频各子块则分别使用各自阈值进行量化编码。通过引入A类集合的判断，高频子块编码算法优化了码流输出，提升了压缩性能；通过消除链表和提升扫描效率的手段，算法内存显著减低，编码速度明显提高。
Sounding rocket based micro-gravity platform has not been developed in china. In order tohold superiority in space science, it is really in dire need to develop sounding rokcetmicrogravity experiment platform. Image is the fitest expression of micro-gravity experiment, sothe image's real compression and transmission is vital for the success of microgravity experiment.Based on deep investigation and research on progress of sounding rocket based micro-gravityexperiment, this paper proposes an image system which fits sounding rocket well. Through theresearch on wavelet analysis theory and principle of wavelet image compression, this paperproposes a low bit rate lossy image compression algorithm and a lossless image compressionalgortism that both fit sounding rocket image system.
The main work of this dissertation is summarized as follows.
Firstly, this dissertation proposes a design scheme for sounding rockt digital image system.This system supplies the real-time adjustment to the image’s sampling resolution, frame rate andcompression ratio based on the scientific requirements of microgravity experiments. In ourdesign scheme, sounding rocket digital image system includes two systems: on board imageprocessing unit and ground receiving and decoding unit. On board image processing unit usingcorresponding modules to realize image acquiring, coding, storing, and transmission; groundreceiving and decoding unit uses corresponding modules to realize image receiving, decodingand displaying.
Secondly, this paper designs low bit rate lossy image compression algorithm for soundingrocket, it has the advantages of low memory requirement low complexity, high efficiency andfitting for hardware implementation. The proposed algorithm adopts some technigues toeliminate lists of original SPIHT algorithm and enhance the algorithm's scanning efficiency.Compared with original SPIHT algorithm, the proposed algorithm has super performance inPSNR and coding speed.
Thirdly, this papar proposes a sounding rocket fitted lossless image compression algorithm.The algorithm deals wavelet coefficients differently according to their subband property. The lowfrequency subband fristly uses DPCM coding method to reduce the wavelet coefficients' datadynamic range, then uses a modifed bit plane coding method to output the bit stream. The highfrequency subband is divied into three parts according to their band component, then codes themwith their thresholds repectively. In high frequency sub-part coding algorithm, by using type Aset's judge, the algorithm optimizes the outputted bit stream, enhances the compression ratio. Also, through eliminating the lists and using advanced scaning methods, the algorithm reducesthe memory requirement, and becomes more efficient.
引文
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