吉林省田径运动后备人才培养现状及可持续发展对策研究
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摘要
田径运动是竞技体育的基础,它对各个运动项目的发展起着不可忽视的作用。而且无论是在奥运会、亚运会、还是全运会上,田径运动都是金牌最多、影响最大的运动项目,田径运动水平的高低直接影响在综合性运动会上的名次,所以田径运动的发展水平引起世界各国各地区以及我国各省、市、自治区体育管理层和体育专家的高度关注。田径后备人才是田径运动可持续发展的首要资源,后备人才培养也就成为田径运动发展的重中之重。吉林省曾经是我国田径运动发展的重要基地,曾经为国家输送了大量的田径人才,而今却出现田径后备人才不足的局面。作者采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法、综合分析法等研究方法,从吉林省田径运动后备人才管理体制、教练员、运动员等几方面入手,真实的反映吉林省田径运动后备人才队伍培养的现状,从而为吉林省田径后备人才的培养提供真实而详尽的资料和相关资料,为进一步推动吉林省田径运动的发展提供理论和实践的依据。.
研究结果表明:教练员是整个运动训练过程的组织者和控制者,运动员的成长等都由教练员统筹安排,所以教练员必须符合科学发展的要求;目前吉林省田径运动后备人才数量逐年递减,且在训练动机上也有不同的取向。所以,教练员、家长还是主管的人员必须对运动员进行科学合理的训练和教育,防止出现拔苗助长的现象;同时吉林省体育局在对教练员培训、竞赛制度、激励发展、经费投入、场地、环境设置上还存在一些不足,特别是运动员的社会保障等方面需要解决。这些问题的长期存在将困扰我省田径后备人才培养水平的进一步提高。研究目的旨在为吉林省田径后备人才的高质量培养和我省田径的重新崛起提供指导意义。
The track and field meet is athletics sports foundation, it to individual movement project development noticeable function.Moreover regardless of is at the Olympic Games, Asian Games, at the national games, the track and field meet all is the gold medal are most, affects the biggest movement project, the track and field meet level height direct influence at the comprehensive games position, therefore the track and field meet level of development causes the various countries various areas as well as our country various provinces, the city, the autonomous region sports management level and the sports expert's high attention. The track and field reserve talented person is the track and field meet sustainable development most important resources, the reserve personnel training also becomes the track and field meet development the the most important.Jilin Province once was our country's track and field meet development important base, once transported the massive track and field talented person for the country, at the present actually has the aspect which the track and field reserve talented person is insufficient. The author uses literature research techniques and so on material law, expert interview law, questionnaire survey procedure, mathematical method of average, synthesis analytic method, to the Jilin Province track and field meet reserve talented person management system, the trainer, the athlete and so on several aspects obtains, real reflected the Jilin Province track and field meet reserve talented person troop raises present situation, thus provides real and the exhaustive material and the correlation data for the Jilin Province track and field reserve talented person's raise, for further impels the Jilin Province track and field meet the development to provide the theory and the practice basis.
The findings indicated that,The trainer is the entire movement training process organizer and the master, athlete's growth and so on all plans the arrangement by the trainer therefore the trainer must conform to the science development requirement; At present Jilin Province track and field meet reserve talented person quantity year by year decreases progressively, also also has the different orientation in the training motive.Therefore, the trainer, the guardian or manager's personnel must carry on the science reasonable training to the athlete, prevented appears effect which spoils by trying to be too helpful; Simultaneously the Jilin Province sports bureau in trains, in the competition system, the drive development, the funds investment, the location, the environment establishment to the trainer also has some insufficiencies, specially athlete's aspects and so on social security need to solve.These question long-standing will puzzle our province industry track and field reserve personnel training level the further enhancement.The research goal is for the purpose of for the Jilin Province track and field reserve talented person's high grade raise and our province track and field rises provides the guiding sense.
研究结果表明:教练员是整个运动训练过程的组织者和控制者,运动员的成长等都由教练员统筹安排,所以教练员必须符合科学发展的要求;目前吉林省田径运动后备人才数量逐年递减,且在训练动机上也有不同的取向。所以,教练员、家长还是主管的人员必须对运动员进行科学合理的训练和教育,防止出现拔苗助长的现象;同时吉林省体育局在对教练员培训、竞赛制度、激励发展、经费投入、场地、环境设置上还存在一些不足,特别是运动员的社会保障等方面需要解决。这些问题的长期存在将困扰我省田径后备人才培养水平的进一步提高。研究目的旨在为吉林省田径后备人才的高质量培养和我省田径的重新崛起提供指导意义。
The track and field meet is athletics sports foundation, it to individual movement project development noticeable function.Moreover regardless of is at the Olympic Games, Asian Games, at the national games, the track and field meet all is the gold medal are most, affects the biggest movement project, the track and field meet level height direct influence at the comprehensive games position, therefore the track and field meet level of development causes the various countries various areas as well as our country various provinces, the city, the autonomous region sports management level and the sports expert's high attention. The track and field reserve talented person is the track and field meet sustainable development most important resources, the reserve personnel training also becomes the track and field meet development the the most important.Jilin Province once was our country's track and field meet development important base, once transported the massive track and field talented person for the country, at the present actually has the aspect which the track and field reserve talented person is insufficient. The author uses literature research techniques and so on material law, expert interview law, questionnaire survey procedure, mathematical method of average, synthesis analytic method, to the Jilin Province track and field meet reserve talented person management system, the trainer, the athlete and so on several aspects obtains, real reflected the Jilin Province track and field meet reserve talented person troop raises present situation, thus provides real and the exhaustive material and the correlation data for the Jilin Province track and field reserve talented person's raise, for further impels the Jilin Province track and field meet the development to provide the theory and the practice basis.
The findings indicated that,The trainer is the entire movement training process organizer and the master, athlete's growth and so on all plans the arrangement by the trainer therefore the trainer must conform to the science development requirement; At present Jilin Province track and field meet reserve talented person quantity year by year decreases progressively, also also has the different orientation in the training motive.Therefore, the trainer, the guardian or manager's personnel must carry on the science reasonable training to the athlete, prevented appears effect which spoils by trying to be too helpful; Simultaneously the Jilin Province sports bureau in trains, in the competition system, the drive development, the funds investment, the location, the environment establishment to the trainer also has some insufficiencies, specially athlete's aspects and so on social security need to solve.These question long-standing will puzzle our province industry track and field reserve personnel training level the further enhancement.The research goal is for the purpose of for the Jilin Province track and field reserve talented person's high grade raise and our province track and field rises provides the guiding sense.
引文
1 许延威.《辽宁省田径后备人才培养现状及发展对策研究》辽宁体育科技,2005. 3
2 王峥.《对我国青少年田径运动员成材状况的研究》.安徽体育科技 2005、1
3 刘大海《影响青少年田径运动员成长的若干因素分析》北京体育大学学报 2003.6
4 施文忠《我国田径运动职业化发展对策研究》体育科学 2005,25(10):86—89
5 王刚《关于我国高水平田径后备人才的培养机制的探讨》成都体育学院学报,2001,27(6)61—64
6 孙克诚《我国优秀运动员成材规律分析》 河北体育学院学报 2004,18(3):22—23
①许延威.《辽宁省田径后备人才培养现状及发展对策研究》辽宁体育科 2005,27(3):35,41
②王峥.《对我国青少年田径运动员成材状况的研究》.安徽体育科技 2005,26(1):36-38
③刘大海《影响青少年田径运动员成长的若干因素分析》北京体育大学学报 2003. 26(6):834-835
④施文忠《我国田径运动职业化发展对策研究》体育科学 2005,25(10): 86—89
⑤王刚《关于我国高水平田径后备人才的培养机制的探讨》成都体育学院学报,2001,27(6)61—64
⑥ 孙克诚《我国优秀运动员成材规律分析》 河北体育学院学报 2004,18(3):22—23
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[2]陈勇、周德书.从 2001 年田径成绩世界排名看我国田径的现状及对策[J].广州体育学院学报,2002,22(4):56-59
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[4]徐向军.对青少年田径运动员运动能力发展的影响因素探讨[J].首都体育学院学报,2001,13(2):60-62
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[18]史康成.“科教兴体”的基本情况与对策[J]. 体育文化导刊. 2002,6(6):10-13
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2 王峥.《对我国青少年田径运动员成材状况的研究》.安徽体育科技 2005、1
3 刘大海《影响青少年田径运动员成长的若干因素分析》北京体育大学学报 2003.6
4 施文忠《我国田径运动职业化发展对策研究》体育科学 2005,25(10):86—89
5 王刚《关于我国高水平田径后备人才的培养机制的探讨》成都体育学院学报,2001,27(6)61—64
6 孙克诚《我国优秀运动员成材规律分析》 河北体育学院学报 2004,18(3):22—23
①许延威.《辽宁省田径后备人才培养现状及发展对策研究》辽宁体育科 2005,27(3):35,41
②王峥.《对我国青少年田径运动员成材状况的研究》.安徽体育科技 2005,26(1):36-38
③刘大海《影响青少年田径运动员成长的若干因素分析》北京体育大学学报 2003. 26(6):834-835
④施文忠《我国田径运动职业化发展对策研究》体育科学 2005,25(10): 86—89
⑤王刚《关于我国高水平田径后备人才的培养机制的探讨》成都体育学院学报,2001,27(6)61—64
⑥ 孙克诚《我国优秀运动员成材规律分析》 河北体育学院学报 2004,18(3):22—23
[1]许延威.辽宁省田径运动后备人才培养现状及发展对策[J].辽宁体育科技,2005,27(3):35,41
[2]陈勇、周德书.从 2001 年田径成绩世界排名看我国田径的现状及对策[J].广州体育学院学报,2002,22(4):56-59
[3]徐国伟,李航.对 28 届奥运会我国田径运动的实力分析[J].辽宁体育科技,2005,27(2):62-63
[4]徐向军.对青少年田径运动员运动能力发展的影响因素探讨[J].首都体育学院学报,2001,13(2):60-62
[5]陈亮,王峥.对我国优秀青少年田径运动员成才状况的研究[J].安徽体育科技,2005,26(1):36-38
[6]孙克诚,许运朋.我国优秀田径运动员成才规律分析[J].河北体育学院学报,2004,18(3):22-23
[7]刘大海,赵文阁等.影响青少年田径运动员成长的若干因素探析[J].北京体育大学学报,2003,26(6):834-835
[8]周志雄,王保成.影响我国青少年田径运动员成长因素的研究[J].首都体育学院学报,2005,(17)3:25-27
[9]蒋惠珍.影响我国田径运动员运动寿命的因素分析[J].浙江体育科学,2000,22(6):23-24
[10]于家鼎等.田径运动方法大全[M].吉林科学技术出版社,1998,10
[11]全国体育院校教材委员会田径教材小组.田径运动教程[M].人民体育出版社.1999,6
[12]袁作生,南仲喜. 现代田径运动科学训练法[M].人民体育出版社.1997,9
[13]路永才等.田径教学训练论[M].人民体育出版社.1996,9
[14]袁吉,等. 2008 年北京奥运会中国田径运动后备人才培养对策的研究.〔C〕.第一届国际教练培训局亚洲地区教练员研讨会论文集. 2005,2 :156-159
[15]王刚,等.关于我国高水平田径后备人才的培养机制的探讨[J].成都体育学院学报. 2001,27(6):61-64
[16]施文忠,等.从第 9 届世界田径锦标赛看中国田径运动的现状与展望[J].南京体育学院学报. 2003,17(6):128-129
[17]董杰,等. 我国与世界体育强国青少年体育与健康发展状况的分析与比较[J].辽宁体育科技. 2004,21(2): 94-95
[18]史康成.“科教兴体”的基本情况与对策[J]. 体育文化导刊. 2002,6(6):10-13
[19]吴贻刚,等.论我国青少年体育训练指导和竞赛组织模式改革与创新的指导思想及原则[J].上海体育学院学报 . 2004,26(2):46-50
[20]马志和,等.我国青少年体校人才培养现状与发展思路[J].成都体育学院学报. 2003,30(2):39-42
[21]吴声洗,等.我国青少年体育训练和竞赛组织模式改革与创新对策研究[J].成都体育学院学报. 2002,28(4):56-59
[22]袁吉,等.现代田径运动发展现状与趋势的研究[C]. 第十三届全国高校田径科研论文报告会论文专辑. 2003,11:44-47
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