公路建设项目全过程造价控制方案评价方法研究
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摘要
造价管理研究的主要内容是造价的合理确定和有效控制,公路建设是一个复杂的、涉及多部门的、野外作业过程,这些为建设管理工作带了很大的不确定性,为造价控制管理工作带来很大的难度,其中最突出和普遍的就是“三超”问题,即概算超估算、预算超概算、决算超预算,导致工程造价失控。为了解决造价管理中的这一问题,本文提出了公路建设项目全过程造价控制方案评价方法。
首先进行全过程造价管理文献研究,分析了全过程造价管理的理论性、科学性、实用性及其相应方法论研究的不足；及对价值工程应用于工程实践方面的研究,提出将全过程造价管理与价值工程相结合,通过方案优选实现公路工程建设项目的造价控制的思想；
其次对公路工程建设项目造价管理理论进行分析,确定工程造价管理控制的重点,构建公路工程全过程造价管理方案评价模型。应用价值工程、模糊层次分析法对各阶段造价管理方案进行分析研究,确定工程建设的最优方案。同时为保证全过程造价管理的顺利实施,提出相应的保障措施。
最后进行案例分析,通过组建价值工程分析小组,对投资决策方案进行功能分析,确定投资决策方案的主要影响因素,由专家对这些因素进行两两比较确定判断矩阵；针对方案影响因素设计问卷调查,确定影响因素的隶属度值,对拟建方案进行综合评定,选取价值最大的方案首先投资。实证分析证实了全过程造价控制管理方案评价模型在工程造价管理中的主动控制性与实用性,可以对工程造价进行有效的控制。
The core of construction cost management is to make construction cost reasonable and control the cost effectively. Road construction is a complex project, involving multi-sectoral participation, the process of field work and so on. This make the cost management very difficult, one of the most prominent and popular is the "three excesses", including budget estimates over estimates, budget over budget estimates, actual budget over budget, project cost is always out of control. To resolve this problem, research in the control strategy evaluation of the whole process cost management is proposed.
First of all, this thesis systematically analyses the basic theory of the whole process cost management and value engineering, then makes an systematic introduction of both domestic and foreign situation in this field. Based on the whole process cost management and value engineering, the analysis focus in various stages are identified. It also builds up an evaluation model which is suitable for the evaluation of different programs by using the approach of value engineering and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the whole process cost management, this thesis designs the corresponding measures.
Finally, case study. First, establish a value engineering analysis group, perform functional analysis, identify the main factors and its membership. Then make comprehensive evaluation to the different program. Through the demonstration study, the active control and practicability of the evaluation model are proved.
首先进行全过程造价管理文献研究,分析了全过程造价管理的理论性、科学性、实用性及其相应方法论研究的不足；及对价值工程应用于工程实践方面的研究,提出将全过程造价管理与价值工程相结合,通过方案优选实现公路工程建设项目的造价控制的思想；
其次对公路工程建设项目造价管理理论进行分析,确定工程造价管理控制的重点,构建公路工程全过程造价管理方案评价模型。应用价值工程、模糊层次分析法对各阶段造价管理方案进行分析研究,确定工程建设的最优方案。同时为保证全过程造价管理的顺利实施,提出相应的保障措施。
最后进行案例分析,通过组建价值工程分析小组,对投资决策方案进行功能分析,确定投资决策方案的主要影响因素,由专家对这些因素进行两两比较确定判断矩阵；针对方案影响因素设计问卷调查,确定影响因素的隶属度值,对拟建方案进行综合评定,选取价值最大的方案首先投资。实证分析证实了全过程造价控制管理方案评价模型在工程造价管理中的主动控制性与实用性,可以对工程造价进行有效的控制。
The core of construction cost management is to make construction cost reasonable and control the cost effectively. Road construction is a complex project, involving multi-sectoral participation, the process of field work and so on. This make the cost management very difficult, one of the most prominent and popular is the "three excesses", including budget estimates over estimates, budget over budget estimates, actual budget over budget, project cost is always out of control. To resolve this problem, research in the control strategy evaluation of the whole process cost management is proposed.
First of all, this thesis systematically analyses the basic theory of the whole process cost management and value engineering, then makes an systematic introduction of both domestic and foreign situation in this field. Based on the whole process cost management and value engineering, the analysis focus in various stages are identified. It also builds up an evaluation model which is suitable for the evaluation of different programs by using the approach of value engineering and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the whole process cost management, this thesis designs the corresponding measures.
Finally, case study. First, establish a value engineering analysis group, perform functional analysis, identify the main factors and its membership. Then make comprehensive evaluation to the different program. Through the demonstration study, the active control and practicability of the evaluation model are proved.
引文
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[3]戚安邦.工程项目全面造价管理[M].天津：南开大学出版社,2000.40～89
[4]戚安邦,孙贤伟.建设项目全过程造价管理理论与方法[M].天津：天津人民出版社,2004.10～46
[5]董士波.全生命周期造价管理研究：[哈尔滨工程大学博士论文].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学,2003,42-43
[6]马勇.全生命周期造价管理与应用研究[西南交通大学硕士学位论文].成都：西南交通大学,2006,18-19
[7]Gordon, A., "The economic of the 3L's concept", Charted Surveyor Building and Quantity Surveying QU Artily, June 1974
[8]American Institute of Architects, "Life Cycle Cost Analysis:A Guide for Architects", the USR, AIA,1977
[9]Orshan 0., "Life Cycle Cost:A Tool for Comparing Building Alternative", in: Proceedings Symposium ON QU Artily and Cost IN Building, Vol.1, No.3,1980
[10]Flanagan, R., "Life Cycle Costing-the Issue Involved", Proceedings of Third International Symposium Building Economics, Ottawa, Ⅵ, Paper AⅠ.1984
[11]Flanagan R., "Life Cycle Costing for Construction", London:Surveyors Publication.1983
[12]Rockwell, A., "Pavement Management:Development of a Life Cycle Costing Technique", Bureau of Transport and Communication Occasional Paper 100 Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.1990
[13]Dellasola, P.E., and S.J.Kirk, "Life Cycle Costing for Design Professionals" New York:Mcgtaw-Hill,1991
[14]He Zhi, "Simulation Analysis in Project Life Cycle Cost", Cost Engineering, December,1993
[15]戚安邦孙贤伟论建设项目工程造价管理范式的科学转换[J].南开管理评论2005年8卷,第4期第73-78页
[16]Mitchell, Betty J., "Cost Analysis of Library Function", the USA:JAI Press INC.1978
[17]Berry, R.Stephen, Inda Gaines, and Thomas Veach Longll, with the Resource Analysis Group, Committee on Public Policy Studies and Department of Chemistry at the University of Chicago, "TOCSCA:The Total Social Cost of Coal and Nuclear Power", Cambridge, MA:Ballinger Publishing Compang,1979
[18]Michaels, Lawrence T., "A Control Framework for Factory Automatic", Management Accounting, May 1988
[19]Campi, John P., "Total Cost Management at Parker Hannifin".Management accounting January 1989
[20]Wedtney, Richard E., "Project Management Trends for the 90's", Cost Engineering, Vol.33, No.10, October 1991
[21]Gupta, Narendra K., "Total Cost Management Applicable to CIP", AACE-Ⅰ Transactions 1993,1993
[22]Medley, Larry G., "TCM: Managing Cost before It occurs", AACE-Ⅰ Transactions 1994,1994
[23]Padmaperuma, G., A. K., Khalid, A. A. Mansour, and Nasser F. A., "Total Cost Management of Capital Projects", AACE-I Transactions 1995,1995
[24]Prentice, Jean Paul, "Focus:Total Cost Management", AACE-Ⅰ Transactions 1996,1996
[25]Dojerty, Paul, "Total Cost Management in the Internet Age", AACE-Ⅰ Transactions 1998,1998
[26]Hatwell, Ronald J., "Cost Engineering System for the Future", Cost Engineering, Vol.35, No.3, March 1993
[27]Giatnmalvo, Paul D., "Construction Specifications Institute's Master-format:A Tool for Total Cost Management", Cost Engineering, Vol.36, No.7, July 1994
[28]Pedwell, Keith, "Project Capital Cost Risks and Contracting Strategies" Cost Engineering, Vol.4o, No.1, January 1998
[29]Carr, Robert I., "Integration of Cost and Schedule Control", Preparing for Construction in the 21st Century, the USA:ASCE.1991
[30]Baker S., and K. Baker, "On Time/On Budget:A Step By-Step Guide for Managing and Project", New Jersey:Prentice Hall, inc.,1992
[31]Dragoo, R.E., and Rick A. Letendre, "Manage Cost in Real Time", Cost Engineering, Vol.36, No.2, February 1994
[32]余伟德, “论工程造价管理”[J].《冶金工程造价信息》,1995年第六期
[33]张瑞宇,“解决好工程造价失控问题”[J].《工程造价信息》,1995年第二期
[34]石秀武,“构筑工程造价管理的新框架”[J].《工程造价信息》,1996年第四期
[35]深圳市建设工程造价管理站,“深圳特区工程造价管理模式形成及改革实践”,[J].《工程造价管理》,1998年第二期
[36]杨思忠,“中国建设工程造价管理协会第一届理事会报告”[J].《工程造价管理》,1995年第四期
[37]中国建设工程造价管理协会学术委员会,“建设工程造价管理公正要素(征求意见稿)”[J].《工程造价管理》,1997年第一期
[38]戚安邦,《建设项目全过程造价管理理论和方法》[M].天津人民出版社,2004年12月
[39]戚安邦,工程项目全面造价管理[M].2000天津南开大学出版社
[40]薛文碧；赵军基于价值工程理论的房地产开发项目管理[J].价值工程2009年第5期85～87页
[41]刘可夫,我国大型体育场馆建设与营运的价值工程思维分析[J].价值工程2009年第5期,87～89页
[42]张健1,郭剑峰2,李慧民1,侯江丽1,基于价值工程的改扩建项目投资决策分析[J].(西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)2007年10月635～639页
[43]张克波,朱建华基于价值工程与变权综合评价的服役桥梁维修加固方案决策[J].2006年2月中外公路121-124页
[44]张文泉,苏建军.价值工程发展方向[J].价值工程2004,(9)：33～35
[45]Save International. Value Methodology Standard. www.value-eng.Org,1998.
[46]中国建设工程造价管理协会.建设工程造价管理基础知识[M].北京：中国计划出版社,2007.203～240
[47]尹贻林.工程造价管理相关知识[M].北京：中国计划出版社,2001.6～40
[48]王瑞霞.建设项目工程造价全过程管理方法探讨[西安理工大学硕士论文].西安：西安理工大学,2002
[49]吕志勇.浅谈公路工程项目投资的风险管理[J].山东财政学院学报,2004,7(6)：76～78
[50]孙怀玉.实用价值工程教程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1999.98～116
[51]姚庆萍.浅谈建设项目的工程造价控制[J].会计之友,2006,6(11)：92-93
[2]周和生.尹贻林.建设项目全过程造价管理[M].天津：天津大学出版社,2008.20～56
[3]戚安邦.工程项目全面造价管理[M].天津：南开大学出版社,2000.40～89
[4]戚安邦,孙贤伟.建设项目全过程造价管理理论与方法[M].天津：天津人民出版社,2004.10～46
[5]董士波.全生命周期造价管理研究：[哈尔滨工程大学博士论文].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学,2003,42-43
[6]马勇.全生命周期造价管理与应用研究[西南交通大学硕士学位论文].成都：西南交通大学,2006,18-19
[7]Gordon, A., "The economic of the 3L's concept", Charted Surveyor Building and Quantity Surveying QU Artily, June 1974
[8]American Institute of Architects, "Life Cycle Cost Analysis:A Guide for Architects", the USR, AIA,1977
[9]Orshan 0., "Life Cycle Cost:A Tool for Comparing Building Alternative", in: Proceedings Symposium ON QU Artily and Cost IN Building, Vol.1, No.3,1980
[10]Flanagan, R., "Life Cycle Costing-the Issue Involved", Proceedings of Third International Symposium Building Economics, Ottawa, Ⅵ, Paper AⅠ.1984
[11]Flanagan R., "Life Cycle Costing for Construction", London:Surveyors Publication.1983
[12]Rockwell, A., "Pavement Management:Development of a Life Cycle Costing Technique", Bureau of Transport and Communication Occasional Paper 100 Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.1990
[13]Dellasola, P.E., and S.J.Kirk, "Life Cycle Costing for Design Professionals" New York:Mcgtaw-Hill,1991
[14]He Zhi, "Simulation Analysis in Project Life Cycle Cost", Cost Engineering, December,1993
[15]戚安邦孙贤伟论建设项目工程造价管理范式的科学转换[J].南开管理评论2005年8卷,第4期第73-78页
[16]Mitchell, Betty J., "Cost Analysis of Library Function", the USA:JAI Press INC.1978
[17]Berry, R.Stephen, Inda Gaines, and Thomas Veach Longll, with the Resource Analysis Group, Committee on Public Policy Studies and Department of Chemistry at the University of Chicago, "TOCSCA:The Total Social Cost of Coal and Nuclear Power", Cambridge, MA:Ballinger Publishing Compang,1979
[18]Michaels, Lawrence T., "A Control Framework for Factory Automatic", Management Accounting, May 1988
[19]Campi, John P., "Total Cost Management at Parker Hannifin".Management accounting January 1989
[20]Wedtney, Richard E., "Project Management Trends for the 90's", Cost Engineering, Vol.33, No.10, October 1991
[21]Gupta, Narendra K., "Total Cost Management Applicable to CIP", AACE-Ⅰ Transactions 1993,1993
[22]Medley, Larry G., "TCM: Managing Cost before It occurs", AACE-Ⅰ Transactions 1994,1994
[23]Padmaperuma, G., A. K., Khalid, A. A. Mansour, and Nasser F. A., "Total Cost Management of Capital Projects", AACE-I Transactions 1995,1995
[24]Prentice, Jean Paul, "Focus:Total Cost Management", AACE-Ⅰ Transactions 1996,1996
[25]Dojerty, Paul, "Total Cost Management in the Internet Age", AACE-Ⅰ Transactions 1998,1998
[26]Hatwell, Ronald J., "Cost Engineering System for the Future", Cost Engineering, Vol.35, No.3, March 1993
[27]Giatnmalvo, Paul D., "Construction Specifications Institute's Master-format:A Tool for Total Cost Management", Cost Engineering, Vol.36, No.7, July 1994
[28]Pedwell, Keith, "Project Capital Cost Risks and Contracting Strategies" Cost Engineering, Vol.4o, No.1, January 1998
[29]Carr, Robert I., "Integration of Cost and Schedule Control", Preparing for Construction in the 21st Century, the USA:ASCE.1991
[30]Baker S., and K. Baker, "On Time/On Budget:A Step By-Step Guide for Managing and Project", New Jersey:Prentice Hall, inc.,1992
[31]Dragoo, R.E., and Rick A. Letendre, "Manage Cost in Real Time", Cost Engineering, Vol.36, No.2, February 1994
[32]余伟德, “论工程造价管理”[J].《冶金工程造价信息》,1995年第六期
[33]张瑞宇,“解决好工程造价失控问题”[J].《工程造价信息》,1995年第二期
[34]石秀武,“构筑工程造价管理的新框架”[J].《工程造价信息》,1996年第四期
[35]深圳市建设工程造价管理站,“深圳特区工程造价管理模式形成及改革实践”,[J].《工程造价管理》,1998年第二期
[36]杨思忠,“中国建设工程造价管理协会第一届理事会报告”[J].《工程造价管理》,1995年第四期
[37]中国建设工程造价管理协会学术委员会,“建设工程造价管理公正要素(征求意见稿)”[J].《工程造价管理》,1997年第一期
[38]戚安邦,《建设项目全过程造价管理理论和方法》[M].天津人民出版社,2004年12月
[39]戚安邦,工程项目全面造价管理[M].2000天津南开大学出版社
[40]薛文碧；赵军基于价值工程理论的房地产开发项目管理[J].价值工程2009年第5期85～87页
[41]刘可夫,我国大型体育场馆建设与营运的价值工程思维分析[J].价值工程2009年第5期,87～89页
[42]张健1,郭剑峰2,李慧民1,侯江丽1,基于价值工程的改扩建项目投资决策分析[J].(西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)2007年10月635～639页
[43]张克波,朱建华基于价值工程与变权综合评价的服役桥梁维修加固方案决策[J].2006年2月中外公路121-124页
[44]张文泉,苏建军.价值工程发展方向[J].价值工程2004,(9)：33～35
[45]Save International. Value Methodology Standard. www.value-eng.Org,1998.
[46]中国建设工程造价管理协会.建设工程造价管理基础知识[M].北京：中国计划出版社,2007.203～240
[47]尹贻林.工程造价管理相关知识[M].北京：中国计划出版社,2001.6～40
[48]王瑞霞.建设项目工程造价全过程管理方法探讨[西安理工大学硕士论文].西安：西安理工大学,2002
[49]吕志勇.浅谈公路工程项目投资的风险管理[J].山东财政学院学报,2004,7(6)：76～78
[50]孙怀玉.实用价值工程教程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1999.98～116
[51]姚庆萍.浅谈建设项目的工程造价控制[J].会计之友,2006,6(11)：92-93