混联式混合动力客车能量优化管理策略研究
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摘要
作为一种新型的城市公共交通工具,混合动力客车由于具备良好的燃油经济性和排放性日益受到各方的关注。串联混合动力系统适合低速工况,并联混合动力系统则具备较好的高速运行性能,混联式混合动力客车综合了两者的优势,因此它适合复杂多变的运行工况,如城市公交工况。在目前国内公交客车多采用手动变速箱和不掌握重型自动变速箱技术的前提下,本文设计了一种采用手动变速箱作为串-并联结构切换装置的变速箱后耦混联式混合动力系统,该手动变速箱和自动变速箱具有可替换性。
目前该混联式混合动力系统被成功应用于SWB6116HEV混合动力客车。以SWB6116HEV混合动力客车为研究对象,本文在动力系统结构和尺寸参数设计、能量管理策略设计和优化、以及车辆性能验证等方面展开了研究。
数字仿真技术是评估车辆性能、分析车辆特性和进行参数优化的有效方法。在以前的研究基础上,文章中建立了混联式混合动力汽车的各个零部件(包括动力系统和传动系统)以及整车数学模型,在Matlab/Simulink软件环境下形成了一个通用的混联式混合动力汽车仿真软件。该软件被用来进行能量管理策略评估和控制参数优化。
能量管理策略是混合动力汽车节能技术的关键,它是混合动力控制系统的核心。文章提出一种基于发动机工作优化的多模式逻辑规则能量管理策略,以期在满足车辆驾驶性能的前提下降低车辆在城市公交工况下的油耗和污染物排放。利用有限状态机理论在Matlab/Stateflow软件环境下实现了整车能量管理策略,并在开发的仿真程序上进行了性能验证。在该能量管理策略中,引入串联充电门限和当前发动机“起-停”状态等控制变量,以满足维持混联系统荷电状态的需要、减少发动机“起-停”次数。
能量管理控制参数的优化是一个影响车辆性能的重要因素。以在维持电池荷电状态前提下降低燃油消耗为优化目标,采用罚函数的方法构造优化目标函数,利用基于数学交叉和变异的实值编码遗传优化算法,对SWB6116HEV的能量管理参数进行了优化。
基于安装了自动变速系统的混联动力系统架构,文章理论研究了混联式混合动力客车的模糊规则能量管理策略。该能量管理策略包含了两个串行联接的模糊控制器,分别被用来决策车辆的串-并联结构状态和控制并联结构下的转矩分配。仿真结果证明了该方法的可行性。
文章最后介绍了混联式混合动力客车整车CAN控制网络的结构原理和整车控制器的开发方法。作者设计了一种基于CAN网络通讯的工况测试辅助&采集系统,该系统帮助驾驶员驾驶车辆跟踪参考工况车速,采集车辆燃油经济性和动力性能数据。测试结果表明SWB6116HEV满足驾驶性能要求,与传统车辆相比平均油耗降低了21.3%。
As a new type of public transportation tool, the hybrid electric bus attracts people’s attention since its better fuel economy and emission performances. Series powertrain has good performances at low speed, and the parallel behaviors are desired at high speed. The series-parallel hybrid bus inherits the advantages from both systems. It is therefore suitable for variable driving cycle conditions, such as transit bus city driving cycle. Presently, much more transit bus adopts manual transmission and the duty-heavy automatic mechanical transmission (AMT) technology is also not mastered by the native manufactures. Based on such a background, this paper presents a post-transmission coupled series-parallel configurations switchable hybrid electric powertrain in which the manual transmission is employed. This manual transmission is replaceable with the automatic transmission.
Now, this system is successfully applied in SWB6116HEV hybrid electric bus. Based on this hybrid bus, the paper put the research emphasis on powertrain configuration & size design, the energy management strategy (EMS) design as well as its optimization, and the experimental validation.
Numerical simulation is an effective approach to evaluate vehicle performances, analyze vehicle characteristics and optimize control parameters. Based on the previous researches, this paper builds up the numerical models of each components, including powertrain and transmission systems, and vehicle dynamics. A general simulation program for series-parallel hybrid electric vehicles is coded in Matlab/Simulink software environment. This model is used to evaluate the EMS performances and the optimization of the control parameters.
EMS is a critical technology of fuel economy improvement for HEVs. It is essential in control system of the hybrid powertrain. This paper presents an engine-operation-optimization based multi-modes control strategy in order to reduce the fuel consumption as well as the emission pollution while satisfy the drive abilities. Based on the finite state machine theory, the EMS is coded in software Matlab/ Stateflow and validated in the simulation program described above. As to this EMS, some control parameters, such as the battery charge state threshold for series charge operation and the current engine“on-off”state, etc., are innovationally introduced to satisfy the requirements on charge sustaining and reduction on engine“on-off”operations.
Energy management control parameter optimization is an important issue which affects the performances of vehicle in depth. With the goal to reduce the fuel consumption while sustaining the battery charge state, an objective function using the penalty function approach has been built up. The control parameters of SWB6116HEV were optimized via the real-valued genetic algorithm in which the mathematical crossover and mutation operators are employed.
On the basis of the prototype with AMT, this paper theoretically studies the optimal fuzzy logic based EMS for the series-parallel hybrid electric vehicles. Two fuzzy controllers in series are included in the EMS to decide the configuration and distribute the torques in parallel configuration, respectively. The simulation results identify its feasibility.
Last, the configuration of the CAN-based control network and the development approach of the VCU for the series-parallel hybrid bus are introduced in this paper. Moreover, a CAN-based Assist & Collection System is developed to help the driver to drive a vehicle tracking the referenced speed profile during a driving cycle test, and to collect the data about fuel consumption and drive abilities. The road test results identify that the required drive abilities are satisfied and the fuel consumption is reduced by 21.3% on average compared with that of a conventional baseline bus.
目前该混联式混合动力系统被成功应用于SWB6116HEV混合动力客车。以SWB6116HEV混合动力客车为研究对象,本文在动力系统结构和尺寸参数设计、能量管理策略设计和优化、以及车辆性能验证等方面展开了研究。
数字仿真技术是评估车辆性能、分析车辆特性和进行参数优化的有效方法。在以前的研究基础上,文章中建立了混联式混合动力汽车的各个零部件(包括动力系统和传动系统)以及整车数学模型,在Matlab/Simulink软件环境下形成了一个通用的混联式混合动力汽车仿真软件。该软件被用来进行能量管理策略评估和控制参数优化。
能量管理策略是混合动力汽车节能技术的关键,它是混合动力控制系统的核心。文章提出一种基于发动机工作优化的多模式逻辑规则能量管理策略,以期在满足车辆驾驶性能的前提下降低车辆在城市公交工况下的油耗和污染物排放。利用有限状态机理论在Matlab/Stateflow软件环境下实现了整车能量管理策略,并在开发的仿真程序上进行了性能验证。在该能量管理策略中,引入串联充电门限和当前发动机“起-停”状态等控制变量,以满足维持混联系统荷电状态的需要、减少发动机“起-停”次数。
能量管理控制参数的优化是一个影响车辆性能的重要因素。以在维持电池荷电状态前提下降低燃油消耗为优化目标,采用罚函数的方法构造优化目标函数,利用基于数学交叉和变异的实值编码遗传优化算法,对SWB6116HEV的能量管理参数进行了优化。
基于安装了自动变速系统的混联动力系统架构,文章理论研究了混联式混合动力客车的模糊规则能量管理策略。该能量管理策略包含了两个串行联接的模糊控制器,分别被用来决策车辆的串-并联结构状态和控制并联结构下的转矩分配。仿真结果证明了该方法的可行性。
文章最后介绍了混联式混合动力客车整车CAN控制网络的结构原理和整车控制器的开发方法。作者设计了一种基于CAN网络通讯的工况测试辅助&采集系统,该系统帮助驾驶员驾驶车辆跟踪参考工况车速,采集车辆燃油经济性和动力性能数据。测试结果表明SWB6116HEV满足驾驶性能要求,与传统车辆相比平均油耗降低了21.3%。
As a new type of public transportation tool, the hybrid electric bus attracts people’s attention since its better fuel economy and emission performances. Series powertrain has good performances at low speed, and the parallel behaviors are desired at high speed. The series-parallel hybrid bus inherits the advantages from both systems. It is therefore suitable for variable driving cycle conditions, such as transit bus city driving cycle. Presently, much more transit bus adopts manual transmission and the duty-heavy automatic mechanical transmission (AMT) technology is also not mastered by the native manufactures. Based on such a background, this paper presents a post-transmission coupled series-parallel configurations switchable hybrid electric powertrain in which the manual transmission is employed. This manual transmission is replaceable with the automatic transmission.
Now, this system is successfully applied in SWB6116HEV hybrid electric bus. Based on this hybrid bus, the paper put the research emphasis on powertrain configuration & size design, the energy management strategy (EMS) design as well as its optimization, and the experimental validation.
Numerical simulation is an effective approach to evaluate vehicle performances, analyze vehicle characteristics and optimize control parameters. Based on the previous researches, this paper builds up the numerical models of each components, including powertrain and transmission systems, and vehicle dynamics. A general simulation program for series-parallel hybrid electric vehicles is coded in Matlab/Simulink software environment. This model is used to evaluate the EMS performances and the optimization of the control parameters.
EMS is a critical technology of fuel economy improvement for HEVs. It is essential in control system of the hybrid powertrain. This paper presents an engine-operation-optimization based multi-modes control strategy in order to reduce the fuel consumption as well as the emission pollution while satisfy the drive abilities. Based on the finite state machine theory, the EMS is coded in software Matlab/ Stateflow and validated in the simulation program described above. As to this EMS, some control parameters, such as the battery charge state threshold for series charge operation and the current engine“on-off”state, etc., are innovationally introduced to satisfy the requirements on charge sustaining and reduction on engine“on-off”operations.
Energy management control parameter optimization is an important issue which affects the performances of vehicle in depth. With the goal to reduce the fuel consumption while sustaining the battery charge state, an objective function using the penalty function approach has been built up. The control parameters of SWB6116HEV were optimized via the real-valued genetic algorithm in which the mathematical crossover and mutation operators are employed.
On the basis of the prototype with AMT, this paper theoretically studies the optimal fuzzy logic based EMS for the series-parallel hybrid electric vehicles. Two fuzzy controllers in series are included in the EMS to decide the configuration and distribute the torques in parallel configuration, respectively. The simulation results identify its feasibility.
Last, the configuration of the CAN-based control network and the development approach of the VCU for the series-parallel hybrid bus are introduced in this paper. Moreover, a CAN-based Assist & Collection System is developed to help the driver to drive a vehicle tracking the referenced speed profile during a driving cycle test, and to collect the data about fuel consumption and drive abilities. The road test results identify that the required drive abilities are satisfied and the fuel consumption is reduced by 21.3% on average compared with that of a conventional baseline bus.
引文
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