基于主体功能区的重庆市区域统筹发展研究
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摘要
当前我国各省陆续开展并完成了省级主体功能区规划,实施并构建以主体功能区为基础的区域开发格局,成为各省“十二五”发展规划期间的重要任务。重庆市是中西部地区唯一的直辖市,是全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区,在促进区域协调发展和推进改革开放大局中具有重要的战略地位。重庆市集大城市、大农村、大库区、大山区和民族地区于一体,城乡关系、区域关系、民族关系具有特殊性,统筹区域发展既是重庆市协调城乡、区域、民族三个关系的必然要求,也是为全国统筹城乡改革提供示范的需要,是形成沿海与内陆联动开发开放新格局、保障长江流域生态环境安全、深入实施西部大开发战略的需要。重庆市主体功能区规划将于2013年付诸实施,如何以统筹发展的政策框架推进形成主体功能区,实现重庆市区域发展空间结构优化成为当前的紧迫问题。
国外尽管没有采用“主体功能区”、“统筹发展”概念,但区域发展、区域分工与协作、区域一体化、城乡一体化等相关的研究较为成熟,并有区位理论、核心边缘理论等众多区域研究成果,为建立具有中国特色的区域发展理论提供了丰富的参照素材。国内关于主体功能区研究,重点讨论了主体功能区的划分、形成机制、实施政策配套等关键问题；对统筹发展的研究则是在国家建设需求下重点探讨城乡间的土地、财政、劳动力等产业资源,以及产业结构的统筹管理,并研究如何实现城乡统筹的政策措施,如何统筹区域各项要素以确保区域发展目标实现、保证区域协调发展的相关研究成果还不多;对采用区域统筹的发展理念促进主体功能区形成,如何统筹区域资源以保证各主体功能区之间、主体功能区内部各构成部分的协调这一领域,目前尚未得到足够重视。
本文运用区域地理学及区域科学的区位、地域分异、空间结构优化、空间相互作用等分析方法,研究重庆市主体功能区的区域特征,构建了重庆市区域空间结构的核心边缘-点轴复合结构模型,用空间相互作用模型研究了重庆市这一巨型核心城市的区域影响力,用区位商法和基尼系数法研究重庆市区域发展的总体差异,用pearson相关分析法度量区县间发展综合差距,并进行聚类分析,用生态足迹模型测算区县间的生态承载力差异,在主体功能区均衡模型基础上进一步研究主体功能区划分指标及其分类标准。最后运用空间相互作用模型和空间聚类分析模型将重庆市各区县划分为不同类型区。
主要研究结果如下：
(1)国家层面发展战略将重庆定位为西部发展增长极核、长江上游枢纽、五大都市化地区之一城乡统筹发展改革试验区；西部地区层面则着力打造成渝经济区、重视库区建设和少数民族山区建设,开展跨省协作；重庆市域层面则充分依托各区县发展基础和潜力,正视区县间的差异,提出都市核心区、都市拓展区、都市发展新区、生态涵养区和生态保护区等发展目标要求。
(2)重庆城市空间经济影响力可分为四个等级。第一级是市域内强影响区,重庆市的影响力超过其他所有城市影响力的总和,包括梁平、万州、石柱、酉阳及其以西的共计24个区县;第二级是市域内中度影响区,重庆市的影响力超过其他所有城市影响力平均值,包括秀山、奉节、开县等7县；第三级为市域外强影响区,重庆市的影响力超过其他所有城市影响力最大值,包括四川及贵州、湖北的38个区县市：第四级为市域外重庆市影响力超过其他城市影响力平均值的范围,包括四川、云南、贵州、湖南与湖北的57个区县市。
(3)重庆市内部区域差异。将经济发展、人口与劳动力、基础设施建设、土地利用、生态承载力等角度的区域发展空间格局进行空间叠合,得到“都市-现代农村-生态两翼”三层级区域开发格局：第一层级是以主城区强势发展构成的都市核心区域：第二层级上近郊四区构成的卫星城、江北特色农业、江南矿业旅游业区、万州次中心及黔江次中心；第三层级是东北部三峡库区及东南部特色产业区。
(4)重庆市经济-人口-生态系统具有较高的相关关系。其中经济与人口空间分布耦合方程检验指数高达0.99以上；人口、经济的空间分布同渝中区的距离拟合方程,其检验指数也高达0.9：同时,生态承载力与经济开发程度呈相反的变化关系,主城九区拥有全市67.96%的城市建设用地,外围10县则拥有全市60%以上的林草地。全市由强势发展的核心区、生态优良的外围区和活跃的发展轴三个部分构成。
(5)重庆市统筹发展综合分区为城市化核心区、城市化扩展区、现代农业开发区、生态与农业区及禁止开发区五类区域,并配有区间发展轴。各主体功能区又按照优化区、强化区和培育区三个层次进行分级管理,按此方法将重庆市各区县分为十一种主体功能类型。
(6)从市场、人口、土地、投资、生态儿个方面提出区域统筹发展空间结构优化政策建议。
通过对上述内容的研究,得到如下结论：
(1)主体功能区是具有明确功能目标的复杂要素构成的区域。主体功能区是由经济、人口、生态的各类要素及其之间复杂关联构成的区域,这种复杂关联是引起重庆市各主体功能区之间、主体功能区内部各区县之间的功能状态差异的主要原因。不同主体功能区目标差异对区域资源的需求不同,功能不同,因而有不同的区域管理政策需求；同一主体功能区无差异功能目标对区内各区县的资源管理与分配提出了新的要求,统筹主体功能区资源,促进各区县共同实现主体功能目标成为新的区域管理任务。统筹区域发展应当充分考虑主体功能区功能目标与区域发展现状的差异,统筹区域资源,引导人口合理流动,形成区域人均经济发展水平、人均生态发展水平、人均社会发展水平总和的各功能区接近均等状态。
(2)以统筹区域发展贯穿主体功能区管理,是当前区域发展战略部署的新转变。其一是主体功能区内部各区县之间发展差异的客观存在,需统筹区域资源促使各区县协调发展,共同达成主体功能区的功能目标;其二是不同主体功能区之间功能目标差异,需要统筹区域资源促使各主体功能区相互支持、协调共存,保障全市社会经济在良好生态环境基础上持续发展；其三是重点开发区超级发展极核具有超越省界的社会经济影响力,需要将区域服务空间和资源获取空间拓展到相邻省份甚至更远,区域统筹的空间范围也相应拓展。
(3)核心-边缘空间结构发展模式是重庆市现阶段区域发展的主要特征。首先是重庆市主城核心区的超常发展,其服务空间范围已显著超出省界,服务人口数倍于市域总人口,从而主城区成为全市超级发展极核,与市域次级中心地增长的差距成倍拉大。其次,主城核心区的战略合作空间超越省界,到达邻省中心城市,甚至更远的经济极核,与市域非核心区的差异显著。市域交通干线网络上的次中心是边缘区高效率国土开发的首选地,也是主城核心区辐射整个市域空间的中转地,因此市域各等级城镇沿着交通干线成长,集成为市域发展空间结构的轴带。核心区的超常规模和发展轴带的存在,成为各类主体功能区内部发展空间差异的主导因素。
论文的创新点如下：
(1)从多层面的区域分析论证了以区域统筹发展贯穿主体功能区空间格局形成的必然逻辑,是区域研究的新探索。论文运用这一思路对重庆市主体功能区空间结构优化提出统筹发展方案,阐明了重庆市三类主体功能区各区县为实现功能目标所需的政策措施,为重庆市区域管理提供了参考依据。
(2)在新经济地理学理论框架下构建了重庆市区域统筹发展的核心-边缘模型,进一步明晰了重庆市区域统筹发展空间结构形势,以及在主体功能目标总体要求下,各区县对区域统筹发展的响应,丰富了区域研究理论的实践内涵。
Nowadays the planning of Major Functional Zone on provincial level is being carried out and had been completed in provinces of China. Building and implementing the pattern of regional development based on Major Functional Zone is the important task of "12th Five-Year Development Plan" on provincial level. Chongqing is the only municipalities in central and west of china as well as urban-rural consolidated development reform pilot. It plays an important role in regional coordinated development and the overall situation of reform and opening up. There are big cities, as well as large rural areas, there gorges reservoir area, large mountainous and ethnic areas in Chongqing. Regional coordinated development is not only the requirement for coordination of three relationships of Chongqing, but also demonstrates the needs for national urban and rural reform. It is also the needs to form new development pattern of the linkage of coastal and inland, to protect the safety of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River basin and in-depth implementation of the western development strategy. Plan of Major Functional Zone of Chongqing will be implemented in2013. How to use co-ordinate policy frameworks in order to promote the formation of Major Functional Zone to achieve the optimization of regional space structure of Chongqing has being an urgent prolem.
The concepts of "major functional zone" and "consolidated development" have never been raised by foreign countries, but related researches on "regional development","regional division and cooperation","regional integration","the integration of urban and rural areas" are relatively mature. Meanwhile the development and perfection of location theory, core periphery theory which provide abundant reference materials for regional development theory for our Country. Researchers mainly focused on the division, formation and implementation of major functional zone in domestic. For consolidated development, researchers mainly focused on land, finance, labor and other industry resources between urban and rural areas as well as the co-ordinated management of the industry structure in the context of nation-building needs. There is lack study on how to implement policies to fulfill urban-rural consolidated development, and how to co-ordinate elements to ensure the fulfillment of regional development goals and to ensure coordinated regional development.
This paper use analysis method of location theory, regional differentiation, spatial structure optimization, and interaction space to study the regional characteristics of the Main Functional Zone in Chongqing; to build Core-Edge and point-axis composite structure model of Chongqing area; to study the regional influence of the giant central city of Chongqing with spatial interaction model; to study regional development differences in Chongqing with a bit commercial and Gini coefficient; to measure the gaps and clusters between counties of Chongqing with Pearson correlation analysis; to measure the differences in ecological carrying capacity between counties with the ecological footprint model estimates; to study the dividing indicators and their classification of main function zoning based on their equilibrium model. Finally, the paper dividing districts and counties of Chongqing into different type areas with spatial interaction models and spatial clustering analysis model.
The main results are as follows:
(1) The positioning of Chongqing by national level development strategy is:Growth pole for the development of the western, the upstream hub of Yangtze River, one of the five urbanized areas, urban and rural overall development and reform pilot area; The west regional level is focusing on creating Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone, pay attention to constructing reservoir and minority mountains, to carry out inter provincial cooperation; Chongqing area level will rely the basis for the development and potential of the counties, to proposed five development objectives zones:urban core areas, urban development areas, urban development zone, ecological conservation and ecological protection zones areas.
(2) The spatial economic influence of Chongqing city can be divided into four grades:The first level is strongly affected zone within the Chongqing area of Chongqing influence than the sum of the influence of all other cities, including the western from Liangping, Wanzhou, Shizhu, Youyang etc.total of24counties; The second level within the Chongqing area is the medium impact area, Chongqing influence than the average of all other urban influence, including seven counties as Xiushan, Fengjie, Kaixiang etc. The third level is strongly affected zone outside the Chongqing area of Chongqing influence over the greatest influence values of all other cities, including38counties in Sichuan and Guizhou, Hubei province; The fourth grade is the outside of Chongqing area for the influence of Chongqing over the influence of the average of other cities, including57counties in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan and Hubei province.
(3) The regional differences within Chongqing area. Space additive fusion with the spatial pattern of economic development, regional development, population and labor force, infrastructure, land use, ecological carrying capacity, get "urban-modern rural-Eco-wings " three-level regional development pattern:the first level is the central urban area consisting with the strong development of the city; The second level area is including for conurbations, Jiangbei agriculture, mining tourism in the southern region, Wanzhou and Qianjiang sub-centers; The third level is the northeast Three Gorges reservoir area and the southeast sub-centers characteristic of industrial areas.
(4) Chongqing economic-population-ecosystem has a high correlation. The test index is higher over0.99of economic and demographic spatial distribution coupled equations; The test index up0.9about fitting equation of demographic, economic spatial distribution with the distance of Yuzhong; Meanwhile, the change of degree of economic development is inversely relationship with ecological capacity, the main city owned67.96%of the urban construction land in Chongqing area, the peripheral10county owns more than60%of forest and grassland in Chongqing area.There are dividing three parts of the Chongqing area: core area of strong development, ecological excellent peripheral zone and active development axis.
(5) Overall development of comprehensive regionalization is districted five main functional zones as the core area of urbanization, urban expansion area, modern agricultural development zones, ecological and agricultural zones, and prohibited development zones, and with a range of developing axes. Each of the main functional zones are classified as three and levels:optimization area, strengthen and nurture area,so there will be divided districts and counties of Chongqing into eleven subjective function type.
(6) There propose a series of policy suggestions to optimize regional co-ordinating the development with of the market, population, land, investment, ecological aspects.
The main conclusion can be summed up as follows based on the above study:
(1) Major functional zone is an area that is constructed by complex element which has definite functional purpose. Major functional zone is constructed by each element from economy, population and ecology aspects and their complex interaction, and this kind of complex interaction has caused difference among major functional zones, or functional state of each districts and countries in the some major functional zone. The purpose difference of major functional zone has different regional resource demand and different functions; therefore, the demand of regional management policies is different. The some function purpose in the some major functional zone has been put forward new requirements to each districts and countries'resource management and allocation, that is overall planning of resource in major functional zones; promoting each districts and countries to achieve major functional purpose is becoming new regional management task. To coordinate regional development should fully consider the function purpose of major functional zone and the difference of present situation, coordinate regional resource, guild population reasonable flow, and then it would become a state that the levels of economic development per capita, ecological development per capita and social development per capita are almost equal.
(2) Taking the thought of coordinated regional development into major functional zone management is the new change of strategy for current regional development. Firstly, difference is objectively existed among each districts and countries in the some major functional zone, therefore, it need coordinate regional resource to promote each districts and countries'harmonious development, and then reach the function purpose of major functional zone; secondly, different major functional zones have different function purpose, so it need coordinate regional resource to make each major functional zones support each other and harmonious existed, and then promote Chongqing'economic and social latest development based on well ecological environment; thirdly, the key development areas have social economic influence beyond province level, it need expend regional service space and resource gained space to the surrounding province or even further, and the spatial range of coordinated regional should also be expended.
(3) Core-periphery model of spatial structure development is the main characteristic of Chongqing'current regional development. Firstly, the main districts of Chongqing is supernormal developing, and its service space range is obviously beyond province level, and the number of people to serve is times larger than Chongqing'total population, therefore, the main districts have become super developing zones, and larger gaps between main districts and subordinated center areas. Secondly, the cooperation space of main districts is beyond province level, and it has reached to surrounding center cities or even more further areas, so it has obviously difference between core-areas an non-core area at city level, subordinated center areas are the frist choice to make territory development efficiently in fringe area,and it also the intermediate station for the whole city'space where core areas can influence, therefore, each different grade town should be developed based on the road development, which is significant to spatial structure in cities'development. The supernormal scale can be become the main factor for the spatial difference among each kind of major function zones'development.
Two points of innovation in this paper can be shown as follows:
(l)Through multidimensional regional analysis, it is a regional study of new exploration which has discussed the certain logic of major functional zone formed by the thought of coordinating regional development. The paper put forward plan for spatial structure optimization of Chongqing'major functional zone, and demonstrate the policy suggestions for three kinds of major functional zone in Chongqing to achieve function purpose, and provide a frame of reference for the regional management in Chongqing.
(2) Construct the core-periphery model for Chongqing'regional coordinated development under the theory framework of The New Economic Geography, enrich the connotation of regional research theory, and make further efforts to understand the spatial structure situation of Chongqing' regional coordinated development, and then make an response to regional coordinated development by each districts and countries based on the overall requirement of major function purpose.
国外尽管没有采用“主体功能区”、“统筹发展”概念,但区域发展、区域分工与协作、区域一体化、城乡一体化等相关的研究较为成熟,并有区位理论、核心边缘理论等众多区域研究成果,为建立具有中国特色的区域发展理论提供了丰富的参照素材。国内关于主体功能区研究,重点讨论了主体功能区的划分、形成机制、实施政策配套等关键问题；对统筹发展的研究则是在国家建设需求下重点探讨城乡间的土地、财政、劳动力等产业资源,以及产业结构的统筹管理,并研究如何实现城乡统筹的政策措施,如何统筹区域各项要素以确保区域发展目标实现、保证区域协调发展的相关研究成果还不多;对采用区域统筹的发展理念促进主体功能区形成,如何统筹区域资源以保证各主体功能区之间、主体功能区内部各构成部分的协调这一领域,目前尚未得到足够重视。
本文运用区域地理学及区域科学的区位、地域分异、空间结构优化、空间相互作用等分析方法,研究重庆市主体功能区的区域特征,构建了重庆市区域空间结构的核心边缘-点轴复合结构模型,用空间相互作用模型研究了重庆市这一巨型核心城市的区域影响力,用区位商法和基尼系数法研究重庆市区域发展的总体差异,用pearson相关分析法度量区县间发展综合差距,并进行聚类分析,用生态足迹模型测算区县间的生态承载力差异,在主体功能区均衡模型基础上进一步研究主体功能区划分指标及其分类标准。最后运用空间相互作用模型和空间聚类分析模型将重庆市各区县划分为不同类型区。
主要研究结果如下：
(1)国家层面发展战略将重庆定位为西部发展增长极核、长江上游枢纽、五大都市化地区之一城乡统筹发展改革试验区；西部地区层面则着力打造成渝经济区、重视库区建设和少数民族山区建设,开展跨省协作；重庆市域层面则充分依托各区县发展基础和潜力,正视区县间的差异,提出都市核心区、都市拓展区、都市发展新区、生态涵养区和生态保护区等发展目标要求。
(2)重庆城市空间经济影响力可分为四个等级。第一级是市域内强影响区,重庆市的影响力超过其他所有城市影响力的总和,包括梁平、万州、石柱、酉阳及其以西的共计24个区县;第二级是市域内中度影响区,重庆市的影响力超过其他所有城市影响力平均值,包括秀山、奉节、开县等7县；第三级为市域外强影响区,重庆市的影响力超过其他所有城市影响力最大值,包括四川及贵州、湖北的38个区县市：第四级为市域外重庆市影响力超过其他城市影响力平均值的范围,包括四川、云南、贵州、湖南与湖北的57个区县市。
(3)重庆市内部区域差异。将经济发展、人口与劳动力、基础设施建设、土地利用、生态承载力等角度的区域发展空间格局进行空间叠合,得到“都市-现代农村-生态两翼”三层级区域开发格局：第一层级是以主城区强势发展构成的都市核心区域：第二层级上近郊四区构成的卫星城、江北特色农业、江南矿业旅游业区、万州次中心及黔江次中心；第三层级是东北部三峡库区及东南部特色产业区。
(4)重庆市经济-人口-生态系统具有较高的相关关系。其中经济与人口空间分布耦合方程检验指数高达0.99以上；人口、经济的空间分布同渝中区的距离拟合方程,其检验指数也高达0.9：同时,生态承载力与经济开发程度呈相反的变化关系,主城九区拥有全市67.96%的城市建设用地,外围10县则拥有全市60%以上的林草地。全市由强势发展的核心区、生态优良的外围区和活跃的发展轴三个部分构成。
(5)重庆市统筹发展综合分区为城市化核心区、城市化扩展区、现代农业开发区、生态与农业区及禁止开发区五类区域,并配有区间发展轴。各主体功能区又按照优化区、强化区和培育区三个层次进行分级管理,按此方法将重庆市各区县分为十一种主体功能类型。
(6)从市场、人口、土地、投资、生态儿个方面提出区域统筹发展空间结构优化政策建议。
通过对上述内容的研究,得到如下结论：
(1)主体功能区是具有明确功能目标的复杂要素构成的区域。主体功能区是由经济、人口、生态的各类要素及其之间复杂关联构成的区域,这种复杂关联是引起重庆市各主体功能区之间、主体功能区内部各区县之间的功能状态差异的主要原因。不同主体功能区目标差异对区域资源的需求不同,功能不同,因而有不同的区域管理政策需求；同一主体功能区无差异功能目标对区内各区县的资源管理与分配提出了新的要求,统筹主体功能区资源,促进各区县共同实现主体功能目标成为新的区域管理任务。统筹区域发展应当充分考虑主体功能区功能目标与区域发展现状的差异,统筹区域资源,引导人口合理流动,形成区域人均经济发展水平、人均生态发展水平、人均社会发展水平总和的各功能区接近均等状态。
(2)以统筹区域发展贯穿主体功能区管理,是当前区域发展战略部署的新转变。其一是主体功能区内部各区县之间发展差异的客观存在,需统筹区域资源促使各区县协调发展,共同达成主体功能区的功能目标;其二是不同主体功能区之间功能目标差异,需要统筹区域资源促使各主体功能区相互支持、协调共存,保障全市社会经济在良好生态环境基础上持续发展；其三是重点开发区超级发展极核具有超越省界的社会经济影响力,需要将区域服务空间和资源获取空间拓展到相邻省份甚至更远,区域统筹的空间范围也相应拓展。
(3)核心-边缘空间结构发展模式是重庆市现阶段区域发展的主要特征。首先是重庆市主城核心区的超常发展,其服务空间范围已显著超出省界,服务人口数倍于市域总人口,从而主城区成为全市超级发展极核,与市域次级中心地增长的差距成倍拉大。其次,主城核心区的战略合作空间超越省界,到达邻省中心城市,甚至更远的经济极核,与市域非核心区的差异显著。市域交通干线网络上的次中心是边缘区高效率国土开发的首选地,也是主城核心区辐射整个市域空间的中转地,因此市域各等级城镇沿着交通干线成长,集成为市域发展空间结构的轴带。核心区的超常规模和发展轴带的存在,成为各类主体功能区内部发展空间差异的主导因素。
论文的创新点如下：
(1)从多层面的区域分析论证了以区域统筹发展贯穿主体功能区空间格局形成的必然逻辑,是区域研究的新探索。论文运用这一思路对重庆市主体功能区空间结构优化提出统筹发展方案,阐明了重庆市三类主体功能区各区县为实现功能目标所需的政策措施,为重庆市区域管理提供了参考依据。
(2)在新经济地理学理论框架下构建了重庆市区域统筹发展的核心-边缘模型,进一步明晰了重庆市区域统筹发展空间结构形势,以及在主体功能目标总体要求下,各区县对区域统筹发展的响应,丰富了区域研究理论的实践内涵。
Nowadays the planning of Major Functional Zone on provincial level is being carried out and had been completed in provinces of China. Building and implementing the pattern of regional development based on Major Functional Zone is the important task of "12th Five-Year Development Plan" on provincial level. Chongqing is the only municipalities in central and west of china as well as urban-rural consolidated development reform pilot. It plays an important role in regional coordinated development and the overall situation of reform and opening up. There are big cities, as well as large rural areas, there gorges reservoir area, large mountainous and ethnic areas in Chongqing. Regional coordinated development is not only the requirement for coordination of three relationships of Chongqing, but also demonstrates the needs for national urban and rural reform. It is also the needs to form new development pattern of the linkage of coastal and inland, to protect the safety of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River basin and in-depth implementation of the western development strategy. Plan of Major Functional Zone of Chongqing will be implemented in2013. How to use co-ordinate policy frameworks in order to promote the formation of Major Functional Zone to achieve the optimization of regional space structure of Chongqing has being an urgent prolem.
The concepts of "major functional zone" and "consolidated development" have never been raised by foreign countries, but related researches on "regional development","regional division and cooperation","regional integration","the integration of urban and rural areas" are relatively mature. Meanwhile the development and perfection of location theory, core periphery theory which provide abundant reference materials for regional development theory for our Country. Researchers mainly focused on the division, formation and implementation of major functional zone in domestic. For consolidated development, researchers mainly focused on land, finance, labor and other industry resources between urban and rural areas as well as the co-ordinated management of the industry structure in the context of nation-building needs. There is lack study on how to implement policies to fulfill urban-rural consolidated development, and how to co-ordinate elements to ensure the fulfillment of regional development goals and to ensure coordinated regional development.
This paper use analysis method of location theory, regional differentiation, spatial structure optimization, and interaction space to study the regional characteristics of the Main Functional Zone in Chongqing; to build Core-Edge and point-axis composite structure model of Chongqing area; to study the regional influence of the giant central city of Chongqing with spatial interaction model; to study regional development differences in Chongqing with a bit commercial and Gini coefficient; to measure the gaps and clusters between counties of Chongqing with Pearson correlation analysis; to measure the differences in ecological carrying capacity between counties with the ecological footprint model estimates; to study the dividing indicators and their classification of main function zoning based on their equilibrium model. Finally, the paper dividing districts and counties of Chongqing into different type areas with spatial interaction models and spatial clustering analysis model.
The main results are as follows:
(1) The positioning of Chongqing by national level development strategy is:Growth pole for the development of the western, the upstream hub of Yangtze River, one of the five urbanized areas, urban and rural overall development and reform pilot area; The west regional level is focusing on creating Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone, pay attention to constructing reservoir and minority mountains, to carry out inter provincial cooperation; Chongqing area level will rely the basis for the development and potential of the counties, to proposed five development objectives zones:urban core areas, urban development areas, urban development zone, ecological conservation and ecological protection zones areas.
(2) The spatial economic influence of Chongqing city can be divided into four grades:The first level is strongly affected zone within the Chongqing area of Chongqing influence than the sum of the influence of all other cities, including the western from Liangping, Wanzhou, Shizhu, Youyang etc.total of24counties; The second level within the Chongqing area is the medium impact area, Chongqing influence than the average of all other urban influence, including seven counties as Xiushan, Fengjie, Kaixiang etc. The third level is strongly affected zone outside the Chongqing area of Chongqing influence over the greatest influence values of all other cities, including38counties in Sichuan and Guizhou, Hubei province; The fourth grade is the outside of Chongqing area for the influence of Chongqing over the influence of the average of other cities, including57counties in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan and Hubei province.
(3) The regional differences within Chongqing area. Space additive fusion with the spatial pattern of economic development, regional development, population and labor force, infrastructure, land use, ecological carrying capacity, get "urban-modern rural-Eco-wings " three-level regional development pattern:the first level is the central urban area consisting with the strong development of the city; The second level area is including for conurbations, Jiangbei agriculture, mining tourism in the southern region, Wanzhou and Qianjiang sub-centers; The third level is the northeast Three Gorges reservoir area and the southeast sub-centers characteristic of industrial areas.
(4) Chongqing economic-population-ecosystem has a high correlation. The test index is higher over0.99of economic and demographic spatial distribution coupled equations; The test index up0.9about fitting equation of demographic, economic spatial distribution with the distance of Yuzhong; Meanwhile, the change of degree of economic development is inversely relationship with ecological capacity, the main city owned67.96%of the urban construction land in Chongqing area, the peripheral10county owns more than60%of forest and grassland in Chongqing area.There are dividing three parts of the Chongqing area: core area of strong development, ecological excellent peripheral zone and active development axis.
(5) Overall development of comprehensive regionalization is districted five main functional zones as the core area of urbanization, urban expansion area, modern agricultural development zones, ecological and agricultural zones, and prohibited development zones, and with a range of developing axes. Each of the main functional zones are classified as three and levels:optimization area, strengthen and nurture area,so there will be divided districts and counties of Chongqing into eleven subjective function type.
(6) There propose a series of policy suggestions to optimize regional co-ordinating the development with of the market, population, land, investment, ecological aspects.
The main conclusion can be summed up as follows based on the above study:
(1) Major functional zone is an area that is constructed by complex element which has definite functional purpose. Major functional zone is constructed by each element from economy, population and ecology aspects and their complex interaction, and this kind of complex interaction has caused difference among major functional zones, or functional state of each districts and countries in the some major functional zone. The purpose difference of major functional zone has different regional resource demand and different functions; therefore, the demand of regional management policies is different. The some function purpose in the some major functional zone has been put forward new requirements to each districts and countries'resource management and allocation, that is overall planning of resource in major functional zones; promoting each districts and countries to achieve major functional purpose is becoming new regional management task. To coordinate regional development should fully consider the function purpose of major functional zone and the difference of present situation, coordinate regional resource, guild population reasonable flow, and then it would become a state that the levels of economic development per capita, ecological development per capita and social development per capita are almost equal.
(2) Taking the thought of coordinated regional development into major functional zone management is the new change of strategy for current regional development. Firstly, difference is objectively existed among each districts and countries in the some major functional zone, therefore, it need coordinate regional resource to promote each districts and countries'harmonious development, and then reach the function purpose of major functional zone; secondly, different major functional zones have different function purpose, so it need coordinate regional resource to make each major functional zones support each other and harmonious existed, and then promote Chongqing'economic and social latest development based on well ecological environment; thirdly, the key development areas have social economic influence beyond province level, it need expend regional service space and resource gained space to the surrounding province or even further, and the spatial range of coordinated regional should also be expended.
(3) Core-periphery model of spatial structure development is the main characteristic of Chongqing'current regional development. Firstly, the main districts of Chongqing is supernormal developing, and its service space range is obviously beyond province level, and the number of people to serve is times larger than Chongqing'total population, therefore, the main districts have become super developing zones, and larger gaps between main districts and subordinated center areas. Secondly, the cooperation space of main districts is beyond province level, and it has reached to surrounding center cities or even more further areas, so it has obviously difference between core-areas an non-core area at city level, subordinated center areas are the frist choice to make territory development efficiently in fringe area,and it also the intermediate station for the whole city'space where core areas can influence, therefore, each different grade town should be developed based on the road development, which is significant to spatial structure in cities'development. The supernormal scale can be become the main factor for the spatial difference among each kind of major function zones'development.
Two points of innovation in this paper can be shown as follows:
(l)Through multidimensional regional analysis, it is a regional study of new exploration which has discussed the certain logic of major functional zone formed by the thought of coordinating regional development. The paper put forward plan for spatial structure optimization of Chongqing'major functional zone, and demonstrate the policy suggestions for three kinds of major functional zone in Chongqing to achieve function purpose, and provide a frame of reference for the regional management in Chongqing.
(2) Construct the core-periphery model for Chongqing'regional coordinated development under the theory framework of The New Economic Geography, enrich the connotation of regional research theory, and make further efforts to understand the spatial structure situation of Chongqing' regional coordinated development, and then make an response to regional coordinated development by each districts and countries based on the overall requirement of major function purpose.
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