工程施工企业项目组合优选与组织模式研究
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摘要
随着我国国民经济的快速增长,工程施工企业承建的工程项目正逐渐向大型化、复杂化以及跨地域化方向发展,而且项目具有高风险、长工期、参与单位众多、并行施工和资源消耗巨大的特点,项目之间存在着资源的共享和冲突。如何在企业资源有限的条件下,选择符合企业发展战略目标的工程项目,是我国建筑业能否持续高速发展的一个关键问题。
本文在分析工程施工企业项目管理现状的基础上,结合项目组合管理的理论和方法,根据工程施工企业项目组合管理的基本流程和关键机制,提出了“工程施工企业项目组合优选与组织模式研究”这一课题,并从以下几个方面进行了研究：
首先,在对多项目、项目群和项目组合的异同点进行分析的基础上,提出了工程项目组合管理的内涵,分析了项目组合管理理论在工程施工企业中的适用性,设计了工程项目组合管理的决策步骤,构建了基于多主体的工程施工企业项目组合管理流程模型,详细描述了模型的决策步骤以及决策主体的功用,并对每个决策阶段的具体流程进行了深入分析。
其次,根据工程项目的特点构建了工程项目评价指标体系,并对现有的综合评价方法进行了总结,分析了各种方法的基本原理、优缺点、评价步骤及其在项目评价中的应用,提出了层次分析法、模糊综合评价法、精确值评价法和数据包络分析法相结合的综合评价模型,兼顾了评价的主观性与客观性,并通过算例说明了模型在工程项目优先级评价中的具体运用。
第三,根据工程项目组合优选模型构建的基本思路和假设条件,综合考虑多种约束条件和项目之间的相互影响关系,构建了工程项目组合优选的数学模型,并采用基于合作协同进化的遗传算法(CCGA)对项目组合选择模型进行求解,通过CCGA中多种群间的协同合作,获得工程项目组合管理模型的最优解,并通过实例证明了该算法的有效性。
第四,分析了工程施工企业项目管理组织结构研究的现状,总结了当前工程施工企业项目管理组织结构存在的问题,从项目组合各组织间合作的角度,提出了基于战略Partnering模式的项目组合管理组织理念,建立了项目组合管理企业集团战略级、分子公司战术级以及单个工程项目级的三级组织形式,并对每一级的组织结构、职能定位、相互关系进行了详细描述。
最后,构建了工程项目组合管理信息系统(EPPMIS)的体系结构,在分析EPPMIS设计原则以及用户需求的基础上,采用面向主体的软件工程方法,提出了基于多主体的EPPMIS的结构框架。设计了基于网格服务和多主体系统的EPPMIS信息集成平台,针对项目组合各参与方信息平台的异构性、开放性和动态性等特点,使用多主体系统解决了各参与方信息平台与网格环境集成的难题,并对基于网格和多主体的EPPMIS信息集成平台在工程项目组合管理中的优势进行了论述。
With the rapid growth of the national economy, the construction projects contracted by the engineering construction enterprises are gradually toward large-scale, complicated and cross regional direction, and they have high risks, long periods, numerous participation units, parallel construction and huge resources consumption, and resources are sharing and conflict between the projects. It is a key issue of our country's construction industry that the engineering construction enterprises choose the appropriate projects according to the enterprises'strategic object under the limited resources condition.
Analyzed the present situation of the engineering construction enterprises project management, absorbed the main theory and method of project portfolio management, adopted the bais process and key mechanism of the engineering construction enterprise project portfolio management, Study on Engineering Construction Enterprise Project Portfolio Optimization and Organizational Mode was proposed, and it mainly consists of the several following aspects:
Frist of all, based on the differences and similarities analysis between multi-project, programmed project and project portfolio, expounded the connotation of engineering project portfolio management, analyzed the applicability of project portfolio management theory applied to engineering construction enterprises, proposed engineering project portfolio management decision-making steps, the engineering construction enterprise project portfolio management process model based on multi-agent was set up. The decision procedure and the function of decision agent were described detailed, and the specific procedure of each decision stage was analyzed.
Secondly, constructed engineering project evaluation index system according to the characteristics of engineering projects, summarized the existing comprehensive evaluation method, analyzed the basic principle, advantages, disadvantages, evaluation procedure and the application in project evaluation of various methods, a comprehensive evaluation model was presented by integrating existing evaluation method of analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, accurate evaluation and data envelopment analysis. The model took into account subjectivity and objectivity of the evaluation. A case was given to illustrate the specific application of the model in engineering project priority evaluation.
Thirdly, according to the basic ideas and assumptions of the engineering project portfolio optimization model construction, considered various constraint conditions and interaction relationship between projects, an engineering project portfolio optimization mathematical model was constructed. The model was solved by cooperative co-evolution genetic algorithm (CCGA). Through the cooperation between the multiple populations, the optimal solution of engineering project portfolio management mode was obtained. At last, an example proved the balidity of CCGA.
Fourthly, the dissertation analyzed the engineering construction enterpreses'project management organization structure, and summarized the current research situation of the organization structure. An idea of project portfolio management organization based on the strategic partnerting mode was proposed. The project portfolio management enterprise group strategic level, molecular company tactical level and single project level of three levels organization form was established, and the organizationg structure, function orientation, relationship between levels were described in detail.
Finally, the structure of engineering project portfolio management information system (EPPMIS) was constructed. Analyzed the EPPMIS design principle and the needs of users, used the agent-oriented software engineering method, the framework of EPPMIS based on multi-agent was proposed. The dissertation designed EPPMIS information integration platform based on grid services and multi-agent system. In view of project portfolio participatnts' information platform characteristics of heterogeneous, open and dynamic, the multi-agent system could solve the integration problem of various parties information platform and the grid environment. The advantages of EPPMIS information integration platform based on grid and multi-agent were elaborated.
本文在分析工程施工企业项目管理现状的基础上,结合项目组合管理的理论和方法,根据工程施工企业项目组合管理的基本流程和关键机制,提出了“工程施工企业项目组合优选与组织模式研究”这一课题,并从以下几个方面进行了研究：
首先,在对多项目、项目群和项目组合的异同点进行分析的基础上,提出了工程项目组合管理的内涵,分析了项目组合管理理论在工程施工企业中的适用性,设计了工程项目组合管理的决策步骤,构建了基于多主体的工程施工企业项目组合管理流程模型,详细描述了模型的决策步骤以及决策主体的功用,并对每个决策阶段的具体流程进行了深入分析。
其次,根据工程项目的特点构建了工程项目评价指标体系,并对现有的综合评价方法进行了总结,分析了各种方法的基本原理、优缺点、评价步骤及其在项目评价中的应用,提出了层次分析法、模糊综合评价法、精确值评价法和数据包络分析法相结合的综合评价模型,兼顾了评价的主观性与客观性,并通过算例说明了模型在工程项目优先级评价中的具体运用。
第三,根据工程项目组合优选模型构建的基本思路和假设条件,综合考虑多种约束条件和项目之间的相互影响关系,构建了工程项目组合优选的数学模型,并采用基于合作协同进化的遗传算法(CCGA)对项目组合选择模型进行求解,通过CCGA中多种群间的协同合作,获得工程项目组合管理模型的最优解,并通过实例证明了该算法的有效性。
第四,分析了工程施工企业项目管理组织结构研究的现状,总结了当前工程施工企业项目管理组织结构存在的问题,从项目组合各组织间合作的角度,提出了基于战略Partnering模式的项目组合管理组织理念,建立了项目组合管理企业集团战略级、分子公司战术级以及单个工程项目级的三级组织形式,并对每一级的组织结构、职能定位、相互关系进行了详细描述。
最后,构建了工程项目组合管理信息系统(EPPMIS)的体系结构,在分析EPPMIS设计原则以及用户需求的基础上,采用面向主体的软件工程方法,提出了基于多主体的EPPMIS的结构框架。设计了基于网格服务和多主体系统的EPPMIS信息集成平台,针对项目组合各参与方信息平台的异构性、开放性和动态性等特点,使用多主体系统解决了各参与方信息平台与网格环境集成的难题,并对基于网格和多主体的EPPMIS信息集成平台在工程项目组合管理中的优势进行了论述。
With the rapid growth of the national economy, the construction projects contracted by the engineering construction enterprises are gradually toward large-scale, complicated and cross regional direction, and they have high risks, long periods, numerous participation units, parallel construction and huge resources consumption, and resources are sharing and conflict between the projects. It is a key issue of our country's construction industry that the engineering construction enterprises choose the appropriate projects according to the enterprises'strategic object under the limited resources condition.
Analyzed the present situation of the engineering construction enterprises project management, absorbed the main theory and method of project portfolio management, adopted the bais process and key mechanism of the engineering construction enterprise project portfolio management, Study on Engineering Construction Enterprise Project Portfolio Optimization and Organizational Mode was proposed, and it mainly consists of the several following aspects:
Frist of all, based on the differences and similarities analysis between multi-project, programmed project and project portfolio, expounded the connotation of engineering project portfolio management, analyzed the applicability of project portfolio management theory applied to engineering construction enterprises, proposed engineering project portfolio management decision-making steps, the engineering construction enterprise project portfolio management process model based on multi-agent was set up. The decision procedure and the function of decision agent were described detailed, and the specific procedure of each decision stage was analyzed.
Secondly, constructed engineering project evaluation index system according to the characteristics of engineering projects, summarized the existing comprehensive evaluation method, analyzed the basic principle, advantages, disadvantages, evaluation procedure and the application in project evaluation of various methods, a comprehensive evaluation model was presented by integrating existing evaluation method of analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, accurate evaluation and data envelopment analysis. The model took into account subjectivity and objectivity of the evaluation. A case was given to illustrate the specific application of the model in engineering project priority evaluation.
Thirdly, according to the basic ideas and assumptions of the engineering project portfolio optimization model construction, considered various constraint conditions and interaction relationship between projects, an engineering project portfolio optimization mathematical model was constructed. The model was solved by cooperative co-evolution genetic algorithm (CCGA). Through the cooperation between the multiple populations, the optimal solution of engineering project portfolio management mode was obtained. At last, an example proved the balidity of CCGA.
Fourthly, the dissertation analyzed the engineering construction enterpreses'project management organization structure, and summarized the current research situation of the organization structure. An idea of project portfolio management organization based on the strategic partnerting mode was proposed. The project portfolio management enterprise group strategic level, molecular company tactical level and single project level of three levels organization form was established, and the organizationg structure, function orientation, relationship between levels were described in detail.
Finally, the structure of engineering project portfolio management information system (EPPMIS) was constructed. Analyzed the EPPMIS design principle and the needs of users, used the agent-oriented software engineering method, the framework of EPPMIS based on multi-agent was proposed. The dissertation designed EPPMIS information integration platform based on grid services and multi-agent system. In view of project portfolio participatnts' information platform characteristics of heterogeneous, open and dynamic, the multi-agent system could solve the integration problem of various parties information platform and the grid environment. The advantages of EPPMIS information integration platform based on grid and multi-agent were elaborated.
引文
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