大型直缝焊管JCOE成形工艺及CAPP系统研究
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摘要
随着我国社会经济发展对石油、天然气等能源的大量需求,长距离油气输送管线工程建设对大口径、高强度、高韧性的大型直缝焊管的需求量与日俱增。这为钢管制造业提供了前所未有发展机遇,也对大型直缝焊管的制造技术提出了更大的挑战。常见的大型直缝焊管管坯成形方式有JCOE和UOE,而JCOE成形方式以其投资少、适应性强等特点而最为常见。
     大型直缝焊管JCOE成形工艺包含板边预弯、JCO成形和机械扩径。JCO成形是典型的渐进式多道次模压成形工艺,机械扩径是具有明显局部小变形特征的复杂弹塑性变形过程。因为板料弯曲回弹的影响,对管坯JCOE成形工艺参数的准确预测是一个比较困难的工程问题。目前生产中主要依靠经验或者试错法来制定和调整JCOE成形工艺参数,这种方式存在参数调整误差大、工艺参数制定周期长、产品质量波动大等问题。因此有必要对管坯JCOE成形工艺进行系统的理论和应用研究,为企业实际生产工艺设计提供理论依据和技术支撑。
     本文首先基于传统弹塑性理论和小曲率平面弯曲弹复理论,对板边预弯、板料三点弯曲、机械扩径成形过程进行了系统的理论分析。推导出了板边预弯弹复后弯曲角和最终预弯力表达式,三点弯曲不同成形阶段板料变形区上任一质点的转角和挠度、上模行程和压力的解析表达式,机械扩径后管坯截面形状参数以及扩径力、扩径行程的理论解析表达式。
     其次,设计了板边预弯、板料三点弯曲、机械扩径物理实验系统,对管坯JCOE成形工艺理论解析结果进行实验验证。实验结果和理论解析结果吻合,相对误差在工程允许的范围内。证明板边预弯、JCO成形单道次三点弯曲、机械扩径成形过程理论解析模型是正确的和可靠的。这可为实际生产中准确预测各成形工艺参数提供理论基础。
     再次,根据JCOE成形工艺过程的理论研究结果,提出了大型直缝焊管JCOE成形CAPP系统功能需求,设计出了系统结构和功能流程。基于VC++6.0软件开发平台,结合工厂焊管生产实际,研究开发了板边预弯、管坯JCO成形及机械扩径成形工艺参数理论预测功能模块,并建立起大型直缝焊管JCOE成形CAPP系统。
     最后,用本文设计开发的JCOE成形CAPP系统对实际生产的X70钢级、规格为Φ1067mm×19.1mm的直缝焊管成形工艺参数进行预测。利用预测出的工艺参数进行了管坯JCOE成形模拟仿真实验,分析了成形工艺参数理论预测值与仿真结果之间产生误差的原因,总结出了管坯JCO成形工艺参数的调整规律。
     本文的研究结果为工厂实际生产制定大型直缝焊管成形工艺参数提供了理论基础和技术支持,使工厂缩减大型直缝焊管成形工艺参数的制定周期、提高成形质量和生产效率成为可能,因此具有一定的实际应用和推广价值。
With China's social and economic development, there is a substantial increase indemand for oil, natural gas and other energy. With the construction of the long-distanceoil and gas pipelines, the demand of large-diameter, high-strength, high toughnesslongitudinal-seam submerged arc welded (LSAW) pipes is growing day by day. Thisprovides an unprecedented opportunity of development for steel pipe manufacturing, alsopresents a greater challenge to the large-diameter LSAW manufacturing technology. Thecommon forming way of large-diameter LSAW pipes tube is JCOE and UOE. JCOE isthe most common forming way because of the characteristics such as less investment,strong adaptability and other etc.
     The JCOE forming process of large-diameter LSAW pipes consists of board edgepre-bending, JCO forming and mechanical expanding. JCO forming is a typicalprogressive multi-pass compression molding process. Mechanical expanding is acomplex elastic and plastic deformation process with the characteristics of obviouspartial small deformation. Because of the springback of sheet metal bending, accuratelyforecasting the JCOE forming process parameters is a difficult engineering problem.Currently, JCOE forming process parameters are formulated and adjusted mainly rely onexperience or trial and error methods in the actual production. By this way, there are suchproblems that the parameters adjustment error is large, the cycle of setting processparameters is long, Fluctuation of product quality is large. Therefore, it is necessary tosystematically research the tube JCOE forming process. It provides theoretical basis andtechnical support to design process for actual production.
     Firstly, based on conventional elastic-plastic theory and small curvature planebending theory, The board edge pre-bending, sheet metal three-point bending andmechanical expanding process are systematically analyzed by the theory. The bendingangle theory expressions of board edge pre-bending after springback and the finalpre-bending force, the corner and the deflection theory expressions of any particle in thesheet deformation zone at the different formative stage of the three-point bending, thetheoretical analytical expressions of the upper die stroke and pressure, the cross-section shape parameters of the tube, the expanding force and the expanding stroke aftermechanical expanding are derived.
     Secondly, the physical experimental systems of board edge pre-bending, three-pointbending of sheet metal and mechanical expanding are designed to verify the theoryanalytical results of the tube JCOE forming process. Experimental results consistent withthe theoretical analysis results, The relative errors are within the range that is permitted inthe field of engineering. It proves that the board edge pre-bending, JCO formingsingle-pass three-point bending and mechanical expanding process theory analyticalmodel is correct and reliable. It also provides a theoretical basis to predict the formingprocess parameters for actual production accurately.
     Again, based on the theoretical results of JCOE forming process, the functionalrequirements for the CAPP system of the large-diameter LSAW pipes JCOE forming areproposed, the structure and function realization process of the system are designed.Combined with the actual pipes production and based on the software developmentplatform of VC++6.0, the theory predicting functional modules of board edgepre-bending, the tube JCO forming and mechanical expanding forming processparameters are researched and developed. And the JCOE forming CAPP system forlarge-diameter LSAW pipes has been established.
     Finally, the forming process parameters of X70steel grade specifications forΦ1067mm×19.1mm LSAW pipe on the actual production are predicted by the CAPPsystem of JCOE forming in this article. According to the process parameters that arepredicted by the system, the simulation experiment of tube JCOE forming is done. Thereasons that cause the errors between the simulation and theoretical prediction results offorming process parameters are analyzed, the adjustment rules.of the JCO formingprocess parameters are summarized.
     It provides a theoretical basis and technical support to formulate the forming processparameters of large-diameter LSAW pipes for the plant on actual production by theresults of this study. It is possible to reduce the cycle of developing the forming processparameters and to improve quality and production efficiency of large-diameter LSAWpipes forming for the actual production. Therefore, there is a certain value of the practical application and promotion on the results of this study.
引文
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