城市给水系统的优化调度方法
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摘要
本文介绍了城市给水系统优化调度技术的主要内容，并对优化调度的基础，如用水量预测模型，管网模型和优化调度模型进行了深入的研究。
针对时用水量预测模型，采用季节指数法、自适应指数平滑法、季节指数联合自适应过滤法、指数平滑联合自回归法、季节指数联合灰色系统法等具体预测方法，其中数种方法预测精度达到工程要求。实践结果表明，开发的联合法效果较好。考虑到管网宏观模型不但能描述整个管网的工作状态，而且建模所需成本低，运行速度快，省时省力，主要研究了管网宏观模型的建立方法，分析测压点布置原理并编制程序。在研究优化调度方法时，研究了两级优化调度方法。根据优化调度模型的特点，提出了求解模型的多种算法。
最后根据优化调度方法的主要内容，编制了优化调度模型系统软件，该软件具有模块化、结构化、可视化特性。用榆次市的给水系统作为工程实例，对该市的给水系统进行短期优化调度，结果表明，榆次市优化调度结果具有明显的节能意义，说明该优化调度模型软件的开发是成功的。
Methods for optimal operation of pumping stations in municipal water supply system were introduced, it consider the model as the base of optimal operation. The method comprises of three components, namely ,prediction model for hourly water of the entire network, model of water distribution system and optimization model. Hourly water demand prediction of distribution system was mainly studied. The paper analyze many methods of water demand prediction which include many up to date methods and some in common use, and it bring forward some new combinatorial methods which can meet the need of optimization model in precision, such as season exponent, auto adapt filter, season exponent combined grey model, etc. Based on the cost and time of modeling Jt mainly study the macroscopic network model which describes the correlation between nodal pressures and water plant discharge. When a complex water supply system use optimization model, the secondary series of discrete optimization will be adopted for modeling and sol
ving it easily. Many computational methods about the optimization models were researched.
finally, software of optimal operation was developed based on the optimization methods in water supply system. Modularization, better frameworks and visualization are the characters of this software. Appling these methods and the software to water supply system in Yuci city, the result show that the short term optimization is feasible. The development of software for optimal operation of water supply system is successful and application can reach the result of saving energy.
针对时用水量预测模型，采用季节指数法、自适应指数平滑法、季节指数联合自适应过滤法、指数平滑联合自回归法、季节指数联合灰色系统法等具体预测方法，其中数种方法预测精度达到工程要求。实践结果表明，开发的联合法效果较好。考虑到管网宏观模型不但能描述整个管网的工作状态，而且建模所需成本低，运行速度快，省时省力，主要研究了管网宏观模型的建立方法，分析测压点布置原理并编制程序。在研究优化调度方法时，研究了两级优化调度方法。根据优化调度模型的特点，提出了求解模型的多种算法。
最后根据优化调度方法的主要内容，编制了优化调度模型系统软件，该软件具有模块化、结构化、可视化特性。用榆次市的给水系统作为工程实例，对该市的给水系统进行短期优化调度，结果表明，榆次市优化调度结果具有明显的节能意义，说明该优化调度模型软件的开发是成功的。
Methods for optimal operation of pumping stations in municipal water supply system were introduced, it consider the model as the base of optimal operation. The method comprises of three components, namely ,prediction model for hourly water of the entire network, model of water distribution system and optimization model. Hourly water demand prediction of distribution system was mainly studied. The paper analyze many methods of water demand prediction which include many up to date methods and some in common use, and it bring forward some new combinatorial methods which can meet the need of optimization model in precision, such as season exponent, auto adapt filter, season exponent combined grey model, etc. Based on the cost and time of modeling Jt mainly study the macroscopic network model which describes the correlation between nodal pressures and water plant discharge. When a complex water supply system use optimization model, the secondary series of discrete optimization will be adopted for modeling and sol
ving it easily. Many computational methods about the optimization models were researched.
finally, software of optimal operation was developed based on the optimization methods in water supply system. Modularization, better frameworks and visualization are the characters of this software. Appling these methods and the software to water supply system in Yuci city, the result show that the short term optimization is feasible. The development of software for optimal operation of water supply system is successful and application can reach the result of saving energy.
引文
1．王训俭．略论城市给水系统优化调度与管理的研究和发展方向．中国给水排水，1990，6(1)：27—33
2．吕谋，李凤芹，董典同，赵洪宾．供水系统调度管理的现状与展望．青岛建筑工程学院学报，19(2)：93—98
3. D.J Wood,C Charles. Hydraulic Network Analysis Using Linear Theory. J Hydraulic Division.ASCE,1972,98(7)
4. Gyergrek L.Computer Application in Distribution System Operation J AWWA,1973,65(2)
5．赵洪宾等．城市供水管网系统工况分析．中国给水排水．1992，8(6)
6. Fred E.Goldman. Water Distribution System Handbook. Larry W. Mays,2000,16.1
7. Caves,J.L.,and T.C.EarI,Computer Applications:A tool for Water Distribution Engineering. Journal of the American water works association, 1979,75:230-235
8．吕谋，张士乔，赵洪宾．供水系统的优化调度方法探讨．给水排水，99，25(12)：71—75
9. Robert Demoyer Jr, Lawrence B Horwitz. Macroscopic Distribution-System Modeling. J AWWA, 1975,7
10. L Ormsbee,T Walski.Techniques for Improving'Energy Efficiency at Water Supply Pumping Stations. ETL 1110-1-86 US Army
11. A Tarquin,J Doudy. Optimal Pump Operation in Water Distribution.J hydr Engrg,ASCE, 1989,115(2)
12．孙伟，赵洪宾．城市供水系统宏观优化调度建模问题．全国青年管理科学与系统科学论文集(第二卷)．系统工程出版社，1993，3
13．王训俭，张宏伟，赵新华．城市配水系统宏观模型的研究．中国给水排水，1988，4(2)
14．张怀宇，赵洪宾，王彤．赤峰市给水管网实用优化调度研究．中国给水排水，1997，13(3)：4—45
15．严煦世，赵洪宾．给水管网理论与计算．北京．中国建筑工业出版社．1986
16. U Shamir, C D D Howard.Water distribution systems awalysis. J Hydroulic Division. ASCE, 1968,94(1)
17. R.Epp,A G Fowler. Efficient code for steadey state flows in networks.J Hydraulic Division.ASCE,1970,96(1)
18. D.J Wood,C Charles,Hydraulic network analysis using linear theory. J hydraulic Division.ASCE,1972,98(7)
19. Sterling,M.,and B.Coulbeck, A Dynamic Programming Solution to Optimization of Pumping Costs,Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers, 1975,59(2):787-797
20. Fallside.F.,and P.Perry, Hierarchical Organization of a Water-Supply
Network,Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical Engineers, 1975,122:202-208
21. Ormsbee,L.,T. Walski,D.Chase,and W. Sharp,Techniques for Improving Energy Efficiency at Water Supply Pumping Station,ETL 1110-1-86,U.S.Army Corps of Engineers,Vicksburg, MS, 1987
22．王训俭，王增义．论给水管网压力监测点的选择．中国给水排水，1989，5(3)：9—12
23．俞国平．给水管网中仪表测量方案的选择．给水排水，1995，11：36—39
24．仲伟俊．城市供水系统的计算机调度与设计．东南大学出版社
25. DeMoyer, R., and L.Horowitz,A Systems Approach to Water Distribution Modeling and Control,Lexington Books,Lexington,MA, 1975
26. Coubeck, B.,Optimization of Water Networks,Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, 1984,6:271-279
27. Jowitt,P.,and Germanopoulos,G.,Optilnal Schaduling in water. Supply Networks. ASCE Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 1992,118:406-422
28. Little, K.,and B.McCrodden,Minimization of Raw Water Pumping Costs Using MILP, ASCE Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,1989,115:511-522
29. Ormsbee,L.,and S.Lingireddy, Pumping System Control Using Genetic Optimization and Neural Networks,Proceedings of the 7th IFAC/IFORS/IMACS Symposium on Large Scale Systems:Theory and Applications, London,UK,1995,July:11-13
30. Maidment, K.R.,S.Miaou,and M.Crawford,Transfer Function Models of Daily Urban Water Use,Water Resources Research, 1985,21:425-432
31. Perry, P.F.,Demand Forecasting in Water Supply Networks,ASCE Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 1981,107:1077-1087
32．刘思峰，郭天榜，党耀国．灰色系统理论及应用．科学出版社．2000．北京
33．吕谋，赵洪宾等．城市日用水量预测的组合动态建模方法．给水排水，1997，23(11)：25-27
34．吕谋，赵洪宾，李红卫，王常明．时用水量预测的自适应组合动态建模方法．系统工程理论与实践，1998，8：101—107
35．赵新华，田一梅，武福平．城市配水系统优化运行的研究．中国给水排水，1992，8(3)：18—22
36．郑爽英．城市供水系统两级优化凋度的宏观模型研究．四川联合大学学报，1997，1(2)：60—68
37. Ormsbee,L.,and S.Lingireddy, Nonlinear Heuristic for Pump Operation,ASCE Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 1995,121:302-309
38. Zessler, U.,and U.Shamir, Optimal Operation of Water Distribution Systems,ASCE
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,1989,115:735-752
39. Lansey, K.E.,and K.Awumah,Optimal Pump Operations Considering Pump Switches,ASCE Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,1994,120:17-35
40. Lansey, K.E.,and K.Awumah,Optimal Pump Operations Considering Pump Switches,ASCE Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 1994,120:17-35
41. Coubeck,B.,and M.Sterling,Optimal Control of Water Distribution Systems,Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical Engineers,1978,125:1039-1044
42. Chen,Y.,Simplification of Water Distribution Systems for Optimal Operations,Computer Applications in Water Supply,Vol.2,Research Studies Press,Somerset,UK,pp.1988:208-224
43. Little,K.,and B.McCrodden,Minimization of Raw Water Pumping Costs Using MILP, ASCE Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 1989,115:511-522
44. DeMoyer, R.,and L. Horowitz,A Systems Approach to Water Distribution Modeling and Control,Lexington Books,LEXINGTON,ma,1975
45. Sabet,M.,and O.Hilweg,Cost Effective Operation of Urban Water Supply System Using Dynamic Programming,Water Resource Bulletin, 1985,21(1):75-81
46. Coulbeck, b.,Optimization of Water Networks,Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, 1984,6:271-279
47. Joalland,G.,and G.Cohen,Optimal Control of Water Distributions by Two Multilevel Methods,Automatica,1980,16(2):83-88
48. Lansey, K.,and Q.Zhong,A Methodology for Optimal Control of Pump Stations:Water Resources Infrastructure, Proceedings of the 1990 Water Resources Planning and Management Specialty Conference 1991:58-61
49．陈玉祥，张汉亚编著，预测技术与应用．机械工业出版社．1985
50．姜乃昌，韩德宏，配水管网的宏观解析模型．给水排水，1990，83(1)：2-8
51．王训俭，张宏伟，赵新华．城市配水系统宏观模型的研究，中国给水排水，1988，4(2)
52．吴学伟，给水管网状态估计及多目标直接优化调度研究[学位论文]．哈尔滨建筑大学．1996
53．闫胜全．城市给水管网优化调度研究[学位论文]．同济大学．1999
54．王亚军．城市给水管网供水优化调度优化方法的研究[学位论文]．清华大学．1996
55．朱儒楷，黄皓，朱开永，非线性规划．中国矿业大学出版社．1990．江苏
56．谷晋龙．水泵调定混合给水系统运行工况分析．给水排水，1997，23(12)：5-9
1．城市给水系统优化调度模型研究，太原理工大学学报，2002年第3期。
2．晋城二期给水工程供水水源的优化利用研究，山西建筑，2001年第4期。
3．城市给水管道的漏损及防治对策，科技情报开发与经济，2002年第1期。
4．浅谈环境保护与农业经济发展，山西农经，2001年第6期。
5．试论地下水水源保护区划分的时间标准，科技情报开发与经济，2002年第2期。
6．提高焦化废水中有机污染物降解效率的方法，科技情报开发与经济，2001年第5期。
7．给水系统优化调度中时用水量的联合预测法，2001年山西省建筑给水排水年会会议论文。
2．吕谋，李凤芹，董典同，赵洪宾．供水系统调度管理的现状与展望．青岛建筑工程学院学报，19(2)：93—98
3. D.J Wood,C Charles. Hydraulic Network Analysis Using Linear Theory. J Hydraulic Division.ASCE,1972,98(7)
4. Gyergrek L.Computer Application in Distribution System Operation J AWWA,1973,65(2)
5．赵洪宾等．城市供水管网系统工况分析．中国给水排水．1992，8(6)
6. Fred E.Goldman. Water Distribution System Handbook. Larry W. Mays,2000,16.1
7. Caves,J.L.,and T.C.EarI,Computer Applications:A tool for Water Distribution Engineering. Journal of the American water works association, 1979,75:230-235
8．吕谋，张士乔，赵洪宾．供水系统的优化调度方法探讨．给水排水，99，25(12)：71—75
9. Robert Demoyer Jr, Lawrence B Horwitz. Macroscopic Distribution-System Modeling. J AWWA, 1975,7
10. L Ormsbee,T Walski.Techniques for Improving'Energy Efficiency at Water Supply Pumping Stations. ETL 1110-1-86 US Army
11. A Tarquin,J Doudy. Optimal Pump Operation in Water Distribution.J hydr Engrg,ASCE, 1989,115(2)
12．孙伟，赵洪宾．城市供水系统宏观优化调度建模问题．全国青年管理科学与系统科学论文集(第二卷)．系统工程出版社，1993，3
13．王训俭，张宏伟，赵新华．城市配水系统宏观模型的研究．中国给水排水，1988，4(2)
14．张怀宇，赵洪宾，王彤．赤峰市给水管网实用优化调度研究．中国给水排水，1997，13(3)：4—45
15．严煦世，赵洪宾．给水管网理论与计算．北京．中国建筑工业出版社．1986
16. U Shamir, C D D Howard.Water distribution systems awalysis. J Hydroulic Division. ASCE, 1968,94(1)
17. R.Epp,A G Fowler. Efficient code for steadey state flows in networks.J Hydraulic Division.ASCE,1970,96(1)
18. D.J Wood,C Charles,Hydraulic network analysis using linear theory. J hydraulic Division.ASCE,1972,98(7)
19. Sterling,M.,and B.Coulbeck, A Dynamic Programming Solution to Optimization of Pumping Costs,Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers, 1975,59(2):787-797
20. Fallside.F.,and P.Perry, Hierarchical Organization of a Water-Supply
Network,Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical Engineers, 1975,122:202-208
21. Ormsbee,L.,T. Walski,D.Chase,and W. Sharp,Techniques for Improving Energy Efficiency at Water Supply Pumping Station,ETL 1110-1-86,U.S.Army Corps of Engineers,Vicksburg, MS, 1987
22．王训俭，王增义．论给水管网压力监测点的选择．中国给水排水，1989，5(3)：9—12
23．俞国平．给水管网中仪表测量方案的选择．给水排水，1995，11：36—39
24．仲伟俊．城市供水系统的计算机调度与设计．东南大学出版社
25. DeMoyer, R., and L.Horowitz,A Systems Approach to Water Distribution Modeling and Control,Lexington Books,Lexington,MA, 1975
26. Coubeck, B.,Optimization of Water Networks,Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, 1984,6:271-279
27. Jowitt,P.,and Germanopoulos,G.,Optilnal Schaduling in water. Supply Networks. ASCE Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 1992,118:406-422
28. Little, K.,and B.McCrodden,Minimization of Raw Water Pumping Costs Using MILP, ASCE Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,1989,115:511-522
29. Ormsbee,L.,and S.Lingireddy, Pumping System Control Using Genetic Optimization and Neural Networks,Proceedings of the 7th IFAC/IFORS/IMACS Symposium on Large Scale Systems:Theory and Applications, London,UK,1995,July:11-13
30. Maidment, K.R.,S.Miaou,and M.Crawford,Transfer Function Models of Daily Urban Water Use,Water Resources Research, 1985,21:425-432
31. Perry, P.F.,Demand Forecasting in Water Supply Networks,ASCE Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 1981,107:1077-1087
32．刘思峰，郭天榜，党耀国．灰色系统理论及应用．科学出版社．2000．北京
33．吕谋，赵洪宾等．城市日用水量预测的组合动态建模方法．给水排水，1997，23(11)：25-27
34．吕谋，赵洪宾，李红卫，王常明．时用水量预测的自适应组合动态建模方法．系统工程理论与实践，1998，8：101—107
35．赵新华，田一梅，武福平．城市配水系统优化运行的研究．中国给水排水，1992，8(3)：18—22
36．郑爽英．城市供水系统两级优化凋度的宏观模型研究．四川联合大学学报，1997，1(2)：60—68
37. Ormsbee,L.,and S.Lingireddy, Nonlinear Heuristic for Pump Operation,ASCE Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 1995,121:302-309
38. Zessler, U.,and U.Shamir, Optimal Operation of Water Distribution Systems,ASCE
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,1989,115:735-752
39. Lansey, K.E.,and K.Awumah,Optimal Pump Operations Considering Pump Switches,ASCE Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,1994,120:17-35
40. Lansey, K.E.,and K.Awumah,Optimal Pump Operations Considering Pump Switches,ASCE Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 1994,120:17-35
41. Coubeck,B.,and M.Sterling,Optimal Control of Water Distribution Systems,Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical Engineers,1978,125:1039-1044
42. Chen,Y.,Simplification of Water Distribution Systems for Optimal Operations,Computer Applications in Water Supply,Vol.2,Research Studies Press,Somerset,UK,pp.1988:208-224
43. Little,K.,and B.McCrodden,Minimization of Raw Water Pumping Costs Using MILP, ASCE Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 1989,115:511-522
44. DeMoyer, R.,and L. Horowitz,A Systems Approach to Water Distribution Modeling and Control,Lexington Books,LEXINGTON,ma,1975
45. Sabet,M.,and O.Hilweg,Cost Effective Operation of Urban Water Supply System Using Dynamic Programming,Water Resource Bulletin, 1985,21(1):75-81
46. Coulbeck, b.,Optimization of Water Networks,Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, 1984,6:271-279
47. Joalland,G.,and G.Cohen,Optimal Control of Water Distributions by Two Multilevel Methods,Automatica,1980,16(2):83-88
48. Lansey, K.,and Q.Zhong,A Methodology for Optimal Control of Pump Stations:Water Resources Infrastructure, Proceedings of the 1990 Water Resources Planning and Management Specialty Conference 1991:58-61
49．陈玉祥，张汉亚编著，预测技术与应用．机械工业出版社．1985
50．姜乃昌，韩德宏，配水管网的宏观解析模型．给水排水，1990，83(1)：2-8
51．王训俭，张宏伟，赵新华．城市配水系统宏观模型的研究，中国给水排水，1988，4(2)
52．吴学伟，给水管网状态估计及多目标直接优化调度研究[学位论文]．哈尔滨建筑大学．1996
53．闫胜全．城市给水管网优化调度研究[学位论文]．同济大学．1999
54．王亚军．城市给水管网供水优化调度优化方法的研究[学位论文]．清华大学．1996
55．朱儒楷，黄皓，朱开永，非线性规划．中国矿业大学出版社．1990．江苏
56．谷晋龙．水泵调定混合给水系统运行工况分析．给水排水，1997，23(12)：5-9
1．城市给水系统优化调度模型研究，太原理工大学学报，2002年第3期。
2．晋城二期给水工程供水水源的优化利用研究，山西建筑，2001年第4期。
3．城市给水管道的漏损及防治对策，科技情报开发与经济，2002年第1期。
4．浅谈环境保护与农业经济发展，山西农经，2001年第6期。
5．试论地下水水源保护区划分的时间标准，科技情报开发与经济，2002年第2期。
6．提高焦化废水中有机污染物降解效率的方法，科技情报开发与经济，2001年第5期。
7．给水系统优化调度中时用水量的联合预测法，2001年山西省建筑给水排水年会会议论文。