城市给水系统优化调度模型研究
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摘要
本文介绍了城市给水系统优化调度的主要内容，并对优化调度的关键内容如用水量预测模型、供水可靠性分析模型、管网的网络模型及优化调度模型进行了深入系统的研究。
为克服目前用水量预测方法众多，模型繁杂而给实际预测方法选择带来困难的情况，根据城市用水量的变化特征，通过自相关分析理论，对时间序列的数据模式进行识别，提出了用水量预测模型的优选方法。通过实例验证，使用该方法选择水量预测模型，针对性强，预测精度较高，能满足工程要求。从可靠度的定义入手，提出了可靠度最优分配的具体计算方法，并建立了相应的数学模型。由于微观模型要求拓朴结构关系清楚，所需输入数据多，计算耗时长，所以根据实际情况建立了管网的宏观模型，针对宏观模型的特点，分析了测压点数目和位置的确定方法，进而编制了计算机优化程序。
以供水费用最小为目标函数，建立了给水系统的一级优化调度和二级优化调度的宏观模型；详细阐述了泵站中只有恒速泵时恒速泵的最优组合方法，含有调速泵时，给出了确定调速泵最佳台数、最佳调速范围和调流范围的计算方法。以榆次市给水系统为例，进行了实际的优化调度，对比优化调度前后的电耗分析，节能效果显著，说明所建的优化调度模型是成功的。
Main contents for optimal dispatch of pump stations in municipal water supply system were introduced, and delved the model of water prediction, analysis of water supply reliability, water distribution system and optimal dispatch.
In order to overcome the present numerous methods for water prediction and the complex model, which make the actual selection of prediction methods more difficult. According to the changing characteristic of water and analysis theory of auto correlated formation, the data formation of time series was discerned, optimal selection methods for the model of water prediction were raised. The prediction precision was advanced and can reach the engineering needs. From the definition of reliability, the concrete computing methods for optimal allocation of reliability were put forward, the corresponding mathematical model was founded. Because the microscopic model needs the distinct structure relation, the numerous input data and the long time of computing, the macroscopic model was used. After analyzing methods for the nodal pressure, the corresponding optimal program was drawn up.
Using minimum water supply cost as objective function, the secondary series of optimal dispatch model was set up. The optimal combination of fixed-speed pump and the optimal range of rate and flow in varied-speed pump station were elaborated. Applying these methods for water supply system in Yuci city, the result show it can save energy,
which illustrate this optimal dispatch model was successful.
为克服目前用水量预测方法众多，模型繁杂而给实际预测方法选择带来困难的情况，根据城市用水量的变化特征，通过自相关分析理论，对时间序列的数据模式进行识别，提出了用水量预测模型的优选方法。通过实例验证，使用该方法选择水量预测模型，针对性强，预测精度较高，能满足工程要求。从可靠度的定义入手，提出了可靠度最优分配的具体计算方法，并建立了相应的数学模型。由于微观模型要求拓朴结构关系清楚，所需输入数据多，计算耗时长，所以根据实际情况建立了管网的宏观模型，针对宏观模型的特点，分析了测压点数目和位置的确定方法，进而编制了计算机优化程序。
以供水费用最小为目标函数，建立了给水系统的一级优化调度和二级优化调度的宏观模型；详细阐述了泵站中只有恒速泵时恒速泵的最优组合方法，含有调速泵时，给出了确定调速泵最佳台数、最佳调速范围和调流范围的计算方法。以榆次市给水系统为例，进行了实际的优化调度，对比优化调度前后的电耗分析，节能效果显著，说明所建的优化调度模型是成功的。
Main contents for optimal dispatch of pump stations in municipal water supply system were introduced, and delved the model of water prediction, analysis of water supply reliability, water distribution system and optimal dispatch.
In order to overcome the present numerous methods for water prediction and the complex model, which make the actual selection of prediction methods more difficult. According to the changing characteristic of water and analysis theory of auto correlated formation, the data formation of time series was discerned, optimal selection methods for the model of water prediction were raised. The prediction precision was advanced and can reach the engineering needs. From the definition of reliability, the concrete computing methods for optimal allocation of reliability were put forward, the corresponding mathematical model was founded. Because the microscopic model needs the distinct structure relation, the numerous input data and the long time of computing, the macroscopic model was used. After analyzing methods for the nodal pressure, the corresponding optimal program was drawn up.
Using minimum water supply cost as objective function, the secondary series of optimal dispatch model was set up. The optimal combination of fixed-speed pump and the optimal range of rate and flow in varied-speed pump station were elaborated. Applying these methods for water supply system in Yuci city, the result show it can save energy,
which illustrate this optimal dispatch model was successful.
引文
1．崔玉川，傅涛，我国城市给水发展现状与特点，中国给水排水，1999，15(2)：52—54
2．王训俭，略论城市给水系统优化调度与管理的研究和发展方向，中国给水排水，1990，6(1)，27—33
3．吕谋，大规模供水系统多目标混合直接优化调度[学位论文]哈尔滨建筑大学，1998
4．仲伟俊，城市供水系统的计算机调度与设计，东南大学出版社，1995
5. Robert Demoyer Jr, Lawrence B Horwitz. Macroscopic Distribution—System Modeling, J. AWWA, 1975, 65(7), 377—380
6. L Ormsbee, T Walski, Techniques for improving energy efficiency at water supply pumping stations. ETL 1110-1-86. U S Army Corps of Engrs. Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg. Miss, 1987
7. A Tarquin, J Bowdy, Optimal Pump Operation in Water Distribution, J. Hydr Engrg, ASCE, 1989, 115(2), 158—169
8．孙伟，赵洪宾，城市供水系统宏观优化调度建模问题，全国青年管理科学与系统科学论文集(第二卷)，系统工程出版社，1993，3
9．赵新华，田一梅，武福平，城市配水系统优化运行的研究，中国给水排水，1992，8(3)，18—22
10．严煦世，赵洪宾，给水管网理论与计算，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1986
11. Ormsbee, L., and S. Lingireddy, Pumping System Control Using Genetic Optimization and Neural Networks, Proceedings of the 7th IFAC/IFORS/IMACS Symposium on Large Scale Systems:Theory and publications, London, UK, 1995, July: 11—13
12. R Demoyer, L Horowitz ,A Systems Approach to Water Distribution Modeling and Control, Lexington Books. Lexington Mass, 1975
13. P Jowitt, G Germanopoulos, Optimal Pump Scheluling in Water—Supply Network, J. Water Resour Plag and Mgmt, ASCE, 1992, 118(4), 406—422
14．王俊岭，城市给水系统的优化调度方法[学位论文]太原理工大学，2002
15．邓聚龙，灰色预测与决策，华中理工大学出版社，1986，97—149
16. K Awumah, K Lansey, Energy Efficient Pump Station at Water with a Pump Switching Constraint, Proc Water Resour, Sessions at Water Forum 92, ASCE, 1992
17. Wei Sun, Hongbin Zhao, Multiobjective Optimization of A Large Water Network Using a Macroscopic Model. Proc. Integrated Computer Applications for Water Supply and Distribution Systems, London, 1993, 9
18. Y Chen. Simplification of Water Distribution Systems for Optimal Operations. Computer Applications in Water Supply. Vol 2. B Coulbeck and C Orr eds. Research Studies Press. Somerset, England, 1988
19. P Tatejewski. A Suboptimal Approach to Scheduling of Reservoir Levels for a Multi—Reservoir Water Distribution Network. Computer Applications in Water Supply. Vol 2. B Coulbeck and C Orr eds. Research Studies Press. Somerset, England, 1988
20. G P Yu, R S Powell, Optimized Pump Scheduling in Water Distribution Systems, J. Optimization Theory and Applications, 1994, 83(3), 463—488
21. Paul M. Emery, Metropolitan Toronto Central Pumping Contr, J. AWWA, 1973, 65(2), 128—133
22. Gyergrek L., Computer Application in Distribution System Operation, J. AWWA, 1973, 65(2), 134—137
23. Fallside, F. and Perry, P. F., Hierarchical Optimization of a Water—Supply Network, Proc. IEEE, 122(2), 202—208
24. Coulbeck, B. and Sterling, M. J. H., Modeling Techniques in Dynamic Control of Water Distribution Systems, Measurement and Control, 11, 385—389
25. Joalland, G. and Cohen, G., Optimal Control of a Water Distribution Network by Two Multilevel Methods, Automatic, 16, 83—88
26．仲伟俊，城市供水管网系统的优化调度 [学位论文] 天津大学，1986
27. RAO, H. S. and Seitle, R. A, Computer Application in Urban Water Distribution System Control, Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control, 1975, June, 117—125
28．张洪国，大规模供水管网改扩建工程实用优化设计研究 [学位论文] 哈尔滨建筑大学，1998
29．周雄鹏编著，统计预测和决策，上海：立信会计图书用品社，1989
30．王勇领编著，预测计算方法，科学出版社，1986：162—164，29—33
31．冯文权，预测方法评价，预测，1991，No．2：38—41
32．严煦世，范瑾初，给水工程，中国建筑工业出版社，1995
33．[苏]H．H．阿布拉莫夫，给水系统可靠性，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990
34．给水排水工程快速设计手册，第三册，给水工程，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
35．汪光焘，城市供水行业2000年技术进步发展规划，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1993
36．赵国藩，工程结构可靠度，北京：水利电力出版社，1984
37．马学尼，叶镇国编，水文学(第二版)，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1991
38. A. H-S. ANG, AND W. H. TANG, Probility Concepts in Engineering Plan And Design, Vol, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1984
39．林延江，水利土木工程系统分析方法，水利电力出版社，1983
40．陶向静，给水系统管网的可靠性分析和计算 [学位论文]，南京河海大学，1996
41. Uri Shamir, Optimal Design and Operation of Water Distribution Systems, Water Resources Research, 1974, 10(1): 27-35
42. Guy Cohen, Optimal Control of Water Supply Networks, CH8, Optimization and Control of Dynamic Operational Research Models S. G. Tzafestas, 251-276
43. Harold D. Gilman, Mauriee Y. Goodman and Robert Demoyer JR., Replication Modeling for Water Distribution Control, Journal AWWA, 1973, Apr. 255-260
44. Gyergyek L.and Presern S.,Simulation and Optimal Control of Large Water Distribution Systems, Mathematics and Computer in Simulation Ⅹ Ⅹ Ⅳ 1982,385-392
45. Steve Whipp and Bill Pressdee, A Model for Saving Resources, Water Engineering & Management, 1991, Feb. 16-17
46．陈跃春，城市配水系统的微机优化调度，中国给水排水，1986，2(3)，12—15
47．王训俭，张宏伟，赵新华，城市配水系统的宏观模型的研究，中国给水排水，1988，4(3)，33—36
48．吴学伟，给水管网状态估计及多目标直接优调度研究[学位论文]哈尔滨建筑大学，1996
49．王训俭，王增义，论给水管网压力监测点的选择，中国给水排水，1989，5(3)；9—12
50．俞国平，给水管网中仪表测量方案的选择，给水排水，1995，21(11)；36—39
51．吕谋，李红卫，配水系统中水压供水量模型的一种确定方法，青岛建筑工程学院学报，1996，17(2)：46—50
52．吕谋，给水管网水力计算的有限元方法及复合比较，青岛建筑工程学院学报，1993，14(3)：28—35
53．崔建国，王俊岭，城市给水系统优化调度模型研究，太原理工大学学报，2002，33(3)：243—246
54．韩德宏，姜乃昌，水源供水量优化分配的一个方法，全国给水系统优化与技术经济研究会论文，1989，10
55．王训俭，张宏伟，赵新华，城市配水系统优化调度，天津大学学报，1988，No．3，1—7
56．段文泽，李远树，给水泵站最优调度策略与通用程序，中国给水排水，1986，2(3)：3—9
57．段文泽，杨少林，水厂生产过程最优协调控制，中国给水排水，1990，6(3)：28—31
58．姜乃昌，韩德宏，给水泵站的优化调度——变速调节，中国给水排水，1986，2(1)：18—21
59．李红艳，崔建国，马力辉，变频调速供水泵站几个重要问题的探讨，2003，34(3)：358—360
60．姜乃昌编，水泵及水泵站，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1986．12
2．王训俭，略论城市给水系统优化调度与管理的研究和发展方向，中国给水排水，1990，6(1)，27—33
3．吕谋，大规模供水系统多目标混合直接优化调度[学位论文]哈尔滨建筑大学，1998
4．仲伟俊，城市供水系统的计算机调度与设计，东南大学出版社，1995
5. Robert Demoyer Jr, Lawrence B Horwitz. Macroscopic Distribution—System Modeling, J. AWWA, 1975, 65(7), 377—380
6. L Ormsbee, T Walski, Techniques for improving energy efficiency at water supply pumping stations. ETL 1110-1-86. U S Army Corps of Engrs. Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg. Miss, 1987
7. A Tarquin, J Bowdy, Optimal Pump Operation in Water Distribution, J. Hydr Engrg, ASCE, 1989, 115(2), 158—169
8．孙伟，赵洪宾，城市供水系统宏观优化调度建模问题，全国青年管理科学与系统科学论文集(第二卷)，系统工程出版社，1993，3
9．赵新华，田一梅，武福平，城市配水系统优化运行的研究，中国给水排水，1992，8(3)，18—22
10．严煦世，赵洪宾，给水管网理论与计算，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1986
11. Ormsbee, L., and S. Lingireddy, Pumping System Control Using Genetic Optimization and Neural Networks, Proceedings of the 7th IFAC/IFORS/IMACS Symposium on Large Scale Systems:Theory and publications, London, UK, 1995, July: 11—13
12. R Demoyer, L Horowitz ,A Systems Approach to Water Distribution Modeling and Control, Lexington Books. Lexington Mass, 1975
13. P Jowitt, G Germanopoulos, Optimal Pump Scheluling in Water—Supply Network, J. Water Resour Plag and Mgmt, ASCE, 1992, 118(4), 406—422
14．王俊岭，城市给水系统的优化调度方法[学位论文]太原理工大学，2002
15．邓聚龙，灰色预测与决策，华中理工大学出版社，1986，97—149
16. K Awumah, K Lansey, Energy Efficient Pump Station at Water with a Pump Switching Constraint, Proc Water Resour, Sessions at Water Forum 92, ASCE, 1992
17. Wei Sun, Hongbin Zhao, Multiobjective Optimization of A Large Water Network Using a Macroscopic Model. Proc. Integrated Computer Applications for Water Supply and Distribution Systems, London, 1993, 9
18. Y Chen. Simplification of Water Distribution Systems for Optimal Operations. Computer Applications in Water Supply. Vol 2. B Coulbeck and C Orr eds. Research Studies Press. Somerset, England, 1988
19. P Tatejewski. A Suboptimal Approach to Scheduling of Reservoir Levels for a Multi—Reservoir Water Distribution Network. Computer Applications in Water Supply. Vol 2. B Coulbeck and C Orr eds. Research Studies Press. Somerset, England, 1988
20. G P Yu, R S Powell, Optimized Pump Scheduling in Water Distribution Systems, J. Optimization Theory and Applications, 1994, 83(3), 463—488
21. Paul M. Emery, Metropolitan Toronto Central Pumping Contr, J. AWWA, 1973, 65(2), 128—133
22. Gyergrek L., Computer Application in Distribution System Operation, J. AWWA, 1973, 65(2), 134—137
23. Fallside, F. and Perry, P. F., Hierarchical Optimization of a Water—Supply Network, Proc. IEEE, 122(2), 202—208
24. Coulbeck, B. and Sterling, M. J. H., Modeling Techniques in Dynamic Control of Water Distribution Systems, Measurement and Control, 11, 385—389
25. Joalland, G. and Cohen, G., Optimal Control of a Water Distribution Network by Two Multilevel Methods, Automatic, 16, 83—88
26．仲伟俊，城市供水管网系统的优化调度 [学位论文] 天津大学，1986
27. RAO, H. S. and Seitle, R. A, Computer Application in Urban Water Distribution System Control, Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control, 1975, June, 117—125
28．张洪国，大规模供水管网改扩建工程实用优化设计研究 [学位论文] 哈尔滨建筑大学，1998
29．周雄鹏编著，统计预测和决策，上海：立信会计图书用品社，1989
30．王勇领编著，预测计算方法，科学出版社，1986：162—164，29—33
31．冯文权，预测方法评价，预测，1991，No．2：38—41
32．严煦世，范瑾初，给水工程，中国建筑工业出版社，1995
33．[苏]H．H．阿布拉莫夫，给水系统可靠性，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1990
34．给水排水工程快速设计手册，第三册，给水工程，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
35．汪光焘，城市供水行业2000年技术进步发展规划，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1993
36．赵国藩，工程结构可靠度，北京：水利电力出版社，1984
37．马学尼，叶镇国编，水文学(第二版)，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1991
38. A. H-S. ANG, AND W. H. TANG, Probility Concepts in Engineering Plan And Design, Vol, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1984
39．林延江，水利土木工程系统分析方法，水利电力出版社，1983
40．陶向静，给水系统管网的可靠性分析和计算 [学位论文]，南京河海大学，1996
41. Uri Shamir, Optimal Design and Operation of Water Distribution Systems, Water Resources Research, 1974, 10(1): 27-35
42. Guy Cohen, Optimal Control of Water Supply Networks, CH8, Optimization and Control of Dynamic Operational Research Models S. G. Tzafestas, 251-276
43. Harold D. Gilman, Mauriee Y. Goodman and Robert Demoyer JR., Replication Modeling for Water Distribution Control, Journal AWWA, 1973, Apr. 255-260
44. Gyergyek L.and Presern S.,Simulation and Optimal Control of Large Water Distribution Systems, Mathematics and Computer in Simulation Ⅹ Ⅹ Ⅳ 1982,385-392
45. Steve Whipp and Bill Pressdee, A Model for Saving Resources, Water Engineering & Management, 1991, Feb. 16-17
46．陈跃春，城市配水系统的微机优化调度，中国给水排水，1986，2(3)，12—15
47．王训俭，张宏伟，赵新华，城市配水系统的宏观模型的研究，中国给水排水，1988，4(3)，33—36
48．吴学伟，给水管网状态估计及多目标直接优调度研究[学位论文]哈尔滨建筑大学，1996
49．王训俭，王增义，论给水管网压力监测点的选择，中国给水排水，1989，5(3)；9—12
50．俞国平，给水管网中仪表测量方案的选择，给水排水，1995，21(11)；36—39
51．吕谋，李红卫，配水系统中水压供水量模型的一种确定方法，青岛建筑工程学院学报，1996，17(2)：46—50
52．吕谋，给水管网水力计算的有限元方法及复合比较，青岛建筑工程学院学报，1993，14(3)：28—35
53．崔建国，王俊岭，城市给水系统优化调度模型研究，太原理工大学学报，2002，33(3)：243—246
54．韩德宏，姜乃昌，水源供水量优化分配的一个方法，全国给水系统优化与技术经济研究会论文，1989，10
55．王训俭，张宏伟，赵新华，城市配水系统优化调度，天津大学学报，1988，No．3，1—7
56．段文泽，李远树，给水泵站最优调度策略与通用程序，中国给水排水，1986，2(3)：3—9
57．段文泽，杨少林，水厂生产过程最优协调控制，中国给水排水，1990，6(3)：28—31
58．姜乃昌，韩德宏，给水泵站的优化调度——变速调节，中国给水排水，1986，2(1)：18—21
59．李红艳，崔建国，马力辉，变频调速供水泵站几个重要问题的探讨，2003，34(3)：358—360
60．姜乃昌编，水泵及水泵站，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1986．12