深井充填管道磨损机理及可靠性评价体系研究
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摘要
随着我国浅部资源的日益消耗,矿产资源趋于向深部开发,在这种趋势下将使胶结充填采矿法在深井开采的矿山中所占有的比例明显增加。然而,胶结充填采矿法用于深井开采不同于浅井开采,其在充填体系方面必须要重点解决的技术问题是：固液两相流管道输送特性、管道磨损机理和充填系统可靠性三个方面。结合国内外深井矿山实践经验,深井胶结充填采矿法多采用充填料浆管道自流输送技术,且在充填系统方面遇到的主要技术难题之一就是充填管道磨损问题,特别是垂直钻孔内的管道是整个充填系统的咽喉要道,一经破坏,轻则堵塞钻孔,重则使整条钻孔报废,严重影响矿山的正常生产,并且会发生严重的安全事故。目前,国内外对石油、天然气等输送管道磨损问题研究得较多,但其破坏形式与充填管道的磨损有本质的区别,前者主要是腐蚀破坏,而后者主要是极为复杂的冲击磨损破坏。国内外相关学者对深井充填钻孔内管道磨损问题还仅处于经验摸索阶段,严重缺乏理论基础。因此,对深井开采管道磨损机理的研究应是深井充填系统建设和设计亟需解决的重大问题。
本文通过分析目前常用的充填材料对深井开采的适用性及充填料浆配比选择确定了深井开采可选择的充填材料类型,并通过对深井充填管道输送性能的研究,提出了几种适合深井开采的充填系统输送工艺,同时在研究两相流自流输送性能后确定了自流输送系统是深井开采的最佳选择,针对管道自流输送状态下充填料浆的运动形式分析确定了深井充填管道磨损的主要研究方向,即充填钻孔内竖直管道的磨损机理研究。
针对深井管道自流输送的特点,结合我国率先进行深井开采的金川矿区实际充填工艺情况,通过现场调研的方式了解了充填钻孔内竖直管道磨损的基本形式和位置,利用动量与能量的原理解释了管道磨损的机理,并通过动量与能量的原理对管径、粒级组成、体积浓度和充填倍线等影响因素与管道磨损程度进行了定量分析。
基于管道磨损的机理,阐述总结并提出了深井降低管道磨损的具体措施,为将来我国大规模深井开采提供了可靠的技术研究方向。
利用事故树分析原则和失效概率原则对深井充填管道系统的可靠性进行了综合评价体系研究。研究中发现充填系统出现事故的主要因素包括：管道磨损、突发故障的损坏和制浆的质量差；另外不合理负坡段、充填倍线和操作管理人员的疏忽,也是导致系统发生故障的重要原因。
通常情况,深井充填管道系统可靠性随着事故因素的水平等级和可接受的失效概率的提高而提高。求得的各等级权重矩阵中对应的隶属函数值,就是该系统的可接受失效概率,并通过矿山长期生产积累的事故统计参数计算出事故发生的概率与可接受失效概率对比确定深井充填管道系统的可靠性。
本文的内容基本概括了深井充填中可能遇到的主要技术问题,并提出了解决这些问题的技术途径和有待进一步深入研究的课题。
With China's growing consumption of shallow resources, mineral resources tend to develop deep. In this trend, the rate of cemented fill method in deep mining was significantly increased.However, the cement fill method for deep mining is different from the shallow mining, the technical problem of filling system, which is needed to focus on resolving is:the solid-liquid two-phase flow characteristics of pipeline transportation, pipelines and filling system reliability wear mechanism. As domestic and international mining experience, deep fill mining method most to used gravity conveyor technology, and in the filling system encountered major technical problem is wear and tear on pipes to affect on production and safety,especially within the pipe in vertical drills. At present, the study of pipeline's wear is more in oil and natural gas, but its damage in the form is essential different, the damage of former is mainly corrosion damage, while the latter is a highly complex major impact wear damage.Domestic and foreign scholars studied on this kind of wear problem had only in the experience exploratory stage, and serious lack of theoretical basis.Therefore, the research on wear mechanism of deep mining pipeline should be the major problems needed to solve in deep filling system construction and design.
This paper analyzes the applicability of filling deep for the most commonly used filling material and the ratio of these material. It could confirm the type of filling material to select in deep mining. And from researching on pipe's transport performance, it could made several filling systems. At the same time, it confimed the best choice for deep mining is gravity delivery system by study of transport properties of two-phase. At last it confimed the main research on pipeline filling in deep mine was the wear mechanism of the vertical pipe.
With the characteristics of gravity flow transportation and combine the actual filling process conditions in Jinchuan mine it can be known the basic form and position of the vertical pipes by the field research. And using the principles of momentum and energy to explain the mechanism of wear of the pipeline. At the same time, it was quantitative analysisd the Impact degree with diameter, grain size composition, volume density and filling factor times.
Based on the mechanism of wear and tear in pipes, made a deep set summarized and specific measures to reduce pipe wear and tear for the future of China's large-scale deep mining technology and provided a reliable direction.of research.
Using fault tree analysis principles and the principles of probability of failure to study the reliability of deep mine filled pipeline system and conducted a comprehensive evaluation system. Study found that sudden failure of pipeline wear and damage, leading to filling the pulp quality was one of the major factor in system failure, and the system's times the filling line, unreasonable negative slope segment and operations management oversight, were also the important reason to lead to the system failling.
In general, the higher the level of accident factors, the higher the system reliability. The system could calculate the acceptable failure probability after the transformation by obtained the weight of each grade of membership function matrix corresponding value. And through calculated the probability of accident by the mine accidents statistical parameters which was accumuled of long-term production.At last it could determine the reliability of deep filling piping system By comparing.
This article summarized the major technical problems in deep filling, and proposed the technical approach to solve these problems and needs further study aspects.
本文通过分析目前常用的充填材料对深井开采的适用性及充填料浆配比选择确定了深井开采可选择的充填材料类型,并通过对深井充填管道输送性能的研究,提出了几种适合深井开采的充填系统输送工艺,同时在研究两相流自流输送性能后确定了自流输送系统是深井开采的最佳选择,针对管道自流输送状态下充填料浆的运动形式分析确定了深井充填管道磨损的主要研究方向,即充填钻孔内竖直管道的磨损机理研究。
针对深井管道自流输送的特点,结合我国率先进行深井开采的金川矿区实际充填工艺情况,通过现场调研的方式了解了充填钻孔内竖直管道磨损的基本形式和位置,利用动量与能量的原理解释了管道磨损的机理,并通过动量与能量的原理对管径、粒级组成、体积浓度和充填倍线等影响因素与管道磨损程度进行了定量分析。
基于管道磨损的机理,阐述总结并提出了深井降低管道磨损的具体措施,为将来我国大规模深井开采提供了可靠的技术研究方向。
利用事故树分析原则和失效概率原则对深井充填管道系统的可靠性进行了综合评价体系研究。研究中发现充填系统出现事故的主要因素包括：管道磨损、突发故障的损坏和制浆的质量差；另外不合理负坡段、充填倍线和操作管理人员的疏忽,也是导致系统发生故障的重要原因。
通常情况,深井充填管道系统可靠性随着事故因素的水平等级和可接受的失效概率的提高而提高。求得的各等级权重矩阵中对应的隶属函数值,就是该系统的可接受失效概率,并通过矿山长期生产积累的事故统计参数计算出事故发生的概率与可接受失效概率对比确定深井充填管道系统的可靠性。
本文的内容基本概括了深井充填中可能遇到的主要技术问题,并提出了解决这些问题的技术途径和有待进一步深入研究的课题。
With China's growing consumption of shallow resources, mineral resources tend to develop deep. In this trend, the rate of cemented fill method in deep mining was significantly increased.However, the cement fill method for deep mining is different from the shallow mining, the technical problem of filling system, which is needed to focus on resolving is:the solid-liquid two-phase flow characteristics of pipeline transportation, pipelines and filling system reliability wear mechanism. As domestic and international mining experience, deep fill mining method most to used gravity conveyor technology, and in the filling system encountered major technical problem is wear and tear on pipes to affect on production and safety,especially within the pipe in vertical drills. At present, the study of pipeline's wear is more in oil and natural gas, but its damage in the form is essential different, the damage of former is mainly corrosion damage, while the latter is a highly complex major impact wear damage.Domestic and foreign scholars studied on this kind of wear problem had only in the experience exploratory stage, and serious lack of theoretical basis.Therefore, the research on wear mechanism of deep mining pipeline should be the major problems needed to solve in deep filling system construction and design.
This paper analyzes the applicability of filling deep for the most commonly used filling material and the ratio of these material. It could confirm the type of filling material to select in deep mining. And from researching on pipe's transport performance, it could made several filling systems. At the same time, it confimed the best choice for deep mining is gravity delivery system by study of transport properties of two-phase. At last it confimed the main research on pipeline filling in deep mine was the wear mechanism of the vertical pipe.
With the characteristics of gravity flow transportation and combine the actual filling process conditions in Jinchuan mine it can be known the basic form and position of the vertical pipes by the field research. And using the principles of momentum and energy to explain the mechanism of wear of the pipeline. At the same time, it was quantitative analysisd the Impact degree with diameter, grain size composition, volume density and filling factor times.
Based on the mechanism of wear and tear in pipes, made a deep set summarized and specific measures to reduce pipe wear and tear for the future of China's large-scale deep mining technology and provided a reliable direction.of research.
Using fault tree analysis principles and the principles of probability of failure to study the reliability of deep mine filled pipeline system and conducted a comprehensive evaluation system. Study found that sudden failure of pipeline wear and damage, leading to filling the pulp quality was one of the major factor in system failure, and the system's times the filling line, unreasonable negative slope segment and operations management oversight, were also the important reason to lead to the system failling.
In general, the higher the level of accident factors, the higher the system reliability. The system could calculate the acceptable failure probability after the transformation by obtained the weight of each grade of membership function matrix corresponding value. And through calculated the probability of accident by the mine accidents statistical parameters which was accumuled of long-term production.At last it could determine the reliability of deep filling piping system By comparing.
This article summarized the major technical problems in deep filling, and proposed the technical approach to solve these problems and needs further study aspects.
引文
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