港口集装箱堆场码垛优化模型及算法
|
摘要
随着港口集装箱吞吐量迅速增加,堆场迫切要求提高港口作业效率。影响港口堆场作业效率的主要因素之一是过多的翻箱作业。
本文针对后方堆场,根据集装箱初始位置将影响提箱翻箱量,以普通箱的堆码问题为研究对象,对堆场进行合理规划,在不同航线集装箱混合堆放的情况下,通过箱位优化分配模型以达到降低翻箱量,同时控制贝在合理使用水平。
首先,介绍了堆场的相关知识,包括前方堆场和后方堆场的划分及功能,并对后方堆场内普通箱与特殊箱箱位分配需考虑因素及分配原则进行分析总结。
其次,对翻箱问题进行深入分析,(1)总结翻箱的原因。(2)阐述了翻箱对作业成本、效率的影响。(3)对降低翻箱量采用的策略进行归纳。(4)介绍启发式翻箱量算法。
然后,将集装箱堆场划分为箱大区和箱小区,并针对箱小区箱位分配问题建立优化模型。
按集装箱的分类将堆场划分为若干个箱大区,每个箱大区中存放同一种类集装箱,如普通箱区、保温箱区等。箱大区进一步划分箱小区,箱小区内存放同尺寸、同重量级别的箱。
在箱小区基础上建立箱位优化模型。模型以码取箱总代价最小为目标,构成总代价的因素有：箱小区整体叠压度、码箱时龙门吊移动的作业成本和码放紧凑程度。以贝内码箱时,同航线挂靠港远的箱压在近的箱上；跨贝码放时,以不同航线混压取箱难度最小等为约束条件。
最后,采用MATLAB对模型有效性仿真验证。在各航线船出发次序随机情况下,将箱位分配优化模型所确定的码放方式与垂直式堆码,阶梯式堆码及平铺式堆码进行比较,计算结果表明该模型确定的码箱顺序能够有效减少翻箱量。结尾对论文进一步研究内容进行展望。
With the great development container throughput at ports,it's efficiency to improving their competitiveness. Overmuch relocation is one of the main factors that affecting the efficiency of container operation efficiency
Aiming at container yard and considering stacking dry container as the research object, this paper focuses on slot assignment problem through optimization model of slot, made the container came different routes mixed piled up to reduce relocation and bay usage.
Firstly, this paper introduces the relevant knowledge of yard, including marshalling yard and container yard's division and function, and analysis and summary the consider factors and assignment rules of container yard's dry container and special container.
Secondly, in depth analysis of relocation problem:(1) Summary of reasons of relocation. (2)Relocation has the influence on cost and efficiency. (3) Summarize the strategies of reducing relocation. (4) The heuristic algorithm calculation is introduced.
Thirdly, the yard is divided into big-regions and small-regions and the optimization model and algorithm of container stacking assigned research on small-regions.
The container yard are divided into several big-regions by category. In big-region, the same category container are stored, for example: dry container region and insulated container region. The big-region are divided into several small-regions where the containers that have the same size and weight class.
The optimization model and algorithm of container stacking assigned research on small-region. Optimization objective is the minimum of that including the overlying degrees of the bay, the cost of crane moving and the compactness of stacking. The constraint based container which destination more far should stacking higher in the same bay and the overlying degrees minimum when moving the crane.
Finally, Computer simulations through MATLAB software, supposing the probability of different ship's first leaving, compared those stacking method, including vertical, horizontal, tiers and optimization models, calculating the number of expectation relocation, the optimization models can bring less relocation is proved. In the end of this paper, intensive study of the subject which should be further studied are mentioned.
本文针对后方堆场,根据集装箱初始位置将影响提箱翻箱量,以普通箱的堆码问题为研究对象,对堆场进行合理规划,在不同航线集装箱混合堆放的情况下,通过箱位优化分配模型以达到降低翻箱量,同时控制贝在合理使用水平。
首先,介绍了堆场的相关知识,包括前方堆场和后方堆场的划分及功能,并对后方堆场内普通箱与特殊箱箱位分配需考虑因素及分配原则进行分析总结。
其次,对翻箱问题进行深入分析,(1)总结翻箱的原因。(2)阐述了翻箱对作业成本、效率的影响。(3)对降低翻箱量采用的策略进行归纳。(4)介绍启发式翻箱量算法。
然后,将集装箱堆场划分为箱大区和箱小区,并针对箱小区箱位分配问题建立优化模型。
按集装箱的分类将堆场划分为若干个箱大区,每个箱大区中存放同一种类集装箱,如普通箱区、保温箱区等。箱大区进一步划分箱小区,箱小区内存放同尺寸、同重量级别的箱。
在箱小区基础上建立箱位优化模型。模型以码取箱总代价最小为目标,构成总代价的因素有：箱小区整体叠压度、码箱时龙门吊移动的作业成本和码放紧凑程度。以贝内码箱时,同航线挂靠港远的箱压在近的箱上；跨贝码放时,以不同航线混压取箱难度最小等为约束条件。
最后,采用MATLAB对模型有效性仿真验证。在各航线船出发次序随机情况下,将箱位分配优化模型所确定的码放方式与垂直式堆码,阶梯式堆码及平铺式堆码进行比较,计算结果表明该模型确定的码箱顺序能够有效减少翻箱量。结尾对论文进一步研究内容进行展望。
With the great development container throughput at ports,it's efficiency to improving their competitiveness. Overmuch relocation is one of the main factors that affecting the efficiency of container operation efficiency
Aiming at container yard and considering stacking dry container as the research object, this paper focuses on slot assignment problem through optimization model of slot, made the container came different routes mixed piled up to reduce relocation and bay usage.
Firstly, this paper introduces the relevant knowledge of yard, including marshalling yard and container yard's division and function, and analysis and summary the consider factors and assignment rules of container yard's dry container and special container.
Secondly, in depth analysis of relocation problem:(1) Summary of reasons of relocation. (2)Relocation has the influence on cost and efficiency. (3) Summarize the strategies of reducing relocation. (4) The heuristic algorithm calculation is introduced.
Thirdly, the yard is divided into big-regions and small-regions and the optimization model and algorithm of container stacking assigned research on small-regions.
The container yard are divided into several big-regions by category. In big-region, the same category container are stored, for example: dry container region and insulated container region. The big-region are divided into several small-regions where the containers that have the same size and weight class.
The optimization model and algorithm of container stacking assigned research on small-region. Optimization objective is the minimum of that including the overlying degrees of the bay, the cost of crane moving and the compactness of stacking. The constraint based container which destination more far should stacking higher in the same bay and the overlying degrees minimum when moving the crane.
Finally, Computer simulations through MATLAB software, supposing the probability of different ship's first leaving, compared those stacking method, including vertical, horizontal, tiers and optimization models, calculating the number of expectation relocation, the optimization models can bring less relocation is proved. In the end of this paper, intensive study of the subject which should be further studied are mentioned.
引文
[1]王新颖.集装箱场站翻箱率仿真研究[D].大连理工大学,2008
[2]Yuan Zhao, Peng Liu, Zan Yang. Evolution of Regional Port System in Modern Logistic[J].International Conference on Automation and Logistics,2007: 2851-2856
[3]Mohsen Attaran. RFID:an enabler of supply chain operations[M].Supply Chain Management:An International Journal,2007:249-257
[4]张艳,韩晖.降低集装箱码头堆场翻箱率[J].集装箱化,2008,19(4)：8-9
[5]Zhao Dan, Review and Analysis on Institutional Management for Global Ports[J]. JOURNAL OFNINGBO UNIVERSITY,2006.3:36-46
[6]E.mcdowilll, gmartind.cho, west. As tudy of maritime container handing Oregon state university. Sea grant college program ads Coregon 97:1-10,1985
[7]Bernardo de Castillo, Carlos F. Daganzo. Handling Strategies for Import Containers at Marine Terminals [J]. Transportation Research B,1993,27(2): 151-166
[8]Kap Hwan Kim, Gyu-Pyo Hong.A heuristic rule for relocating blocks[J]. Computers and Operations Research (S0305-0548),2006,33(4):940-954
[9]Kim KH, Park YM, Ryu K R. Deriving decision rules to locate export containers in container yards [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2000(124):89-101
[10]Kap Hwan Kim, Jong Wook Bae.Re-Marshaling Export Containers in Port Container Terminals. Computers and Industrial Engineering.1998 a,35 (3-4): 655-658
[11]Taleb-Ibrahimi M, Castilho BDe.Storage vs Handling Work in Container Terminals. Transportation Research B,1993,27:13-32
[12]Peter Preston, Erhan Kozan. An approach to determine storage locations of containers at seaport terminals. Computers & Operations Research, Volume 28, Issue 10, September 2001, Pages 983-995
[13]江南,王金红,史峰,李宁新,梁建平.集装箱箱号模糊查询方法[J].铁道学报,2008,30(2)：78-82
[14]郝聚民, 纪卓尚, 林焰.混合顺序作业堆场BAY优化模型[J].大连理工大学学报,2000,40(1)：102-105
[15]沈剑峰,金淳,高鹏.基于知识的集装箱堆场箱位分配计划研究[J].计算 机应用研究,2007,24(9)：153-154
[16]杨淑芹,张运杰,王志强.集装箱堆场问题的一个数学模型及其算法(英文)[J].大连海事大学学报,2002,46(S1)：120-122
[17]陈庆伟,王继荣.集装箱堆场出口箱堆存模型及其算法[J].物流科技,2007,31(7)：112-114
[18]高鹏,金淳,韩庆平.提箱作业优化问题的嵌套启发式算法[J].系统管理学报,2008：4(17)：203-209
[19]徐亚,陈秋双,龙磊,杨立志,刘丽芸.集装箱翻箱问题的启发式算法研究[J].系统仿真学报,2008,(14)
[20]张维英,林焰,纪卓尚,吴毅刚.出口集装箱堆场取箱作业优化模型研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2006,28(2)：130-133
[21]计三有,高悦文.集装箱堆场减少倒箱率方法研究[J].水运工程,2006,8：53-61
[22]于汝民.集装箱码头经营管理[M].人民交通出版社,1999
[23]http://www.e0575.cn/
[24]http://fun.hudong.co
[25]http://wikijxwmw.cn
[26]李磊.集装箱港口堆场资源调度的优化[D].天津理工大学.2008
[27]http://www.56easy.com
[28]王志明,符云清.基于遗传算法的集装箱后方堆场箱位分配策略.计算机应用研究.2010.8：2939-2941
[29]于兵关.于集装箱堆场危险品管理的研究[D].北京化工,2008
[30]刘义苍,孙小明.基于知识的集装箱堆场箱位分配计划研究[J].计算机应用研究,2007,24(9)：152-154
[31]周鹏飞.不确定条件下的集装箱码头出口箱箱位分配优选研究[D].大连理工大学.2010
[32]武德春、武晓.集装箱运输实务[M].北京：机械f业出版社,2007
[33]宋天威.集装箱码头堆场堆码方式的研讨[J].集装箱化,1994,(3)：11-13
[34]傅红霞.集装箱码头堆场管理策略[J1.集装箱化,2007,(4)：21一22
[35]王强.集装箱码头堆场作业效率提升方法探究[J]物流与采购研究.2009.36：68-70
[36]郑志虹.堆场计划管理在集装箱码头中的应用[J]水运管理.2002.3：28-29
[37]曾凡华.集装箱堆场倒箱的原因及预防.水运科技信息,1998,169(4)：34-35
[38]王曼君.集成化的集装箱码头管理信息系统[J]港口装卸,2001,(4)：25-27
[39]杨淑芹,张运杰,王志强.集装箱堆场问题的一个数学模型及其算法(英文)[J].大连海事大学学报,2002,46(S1)：120-122
[40]卫家骏.出口集装箱堆场位置的优化[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2010,29(3)：470-473
[41]秦明森.物流作业优化方法[M],北京：中国物资出版社,2003
[42]顾丽亚.集装箱运输管理实务集装箱运输管理实务[M].电子工业出版社
[43]丁以中,费红英,韩晓龙.港口集装箱流研究现状与分析[J].上海海运学院学报.2002,25(2)：45-50
[44]王孟昌.集装箱码头堆场箱位动态分配优化策略研究[D]武汉理工大学.2007
[45]陈智.降低中小码头翻箱率的流程优化方案[J]物流工程与管理,2009,8(31)：77-79
[46]任现元,高学玲集装箱堆场倒箱产生的原因及解决方法集装箱化,[J].1999.(09)：21-22
[47]刘振宝.集装箱码头堆场翻箱技术[J].集装箱化,2010.(02).21-22
[48]白治江,王晓峰.集装箱翻箱优化方案设计[J].水运工程,2008(4)：57-61
[49]曾凡华.集装箱堆场倒箱的原因及预防[J]集装箱运输.1998,4：34-35
[50]杨茅甄.国际集装箱港口管理实务[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2007
[51]王晓、陈海燕、王超、刘单、吕长虹、关于合理确定集装箱码头装船顺序的算法[J].经济数学,2005,(9)：284—289
[52]朱明华,范秀敏,程奂翀,何其昌.集装箱装船顺序问题的启发式算法[J]中国机械工程,2010,(09).1068-1070
[53]C C Wang. Extrinsic calibration of a robot sensor mounted on a robot[J]. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation (S1042-296X),1992,8(4):161-175
[54]Yusin Lee,Shih-liang Chao. A neighborhood search heuristic for pre-marshalling export containers[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2009,196(2): 468-475
[55]Richard Linn,Chuqian Zhang. A Heuristic of Dynamic Yard Crane Deployment in a Container Terminal, ⅡE Transactions,2000,February 1
[56]Ng WC,Mak K L.Yard crane scheduling in port container terminals[J].Applied Mathematical Modlling,2005,29:63-276
[57]Kim KH. Evaluation of The Number of Rehandles in Container Yards[J]. Computers and Industrial Engineering.1997,32(4):701-711
[58]ZhangChuqian, LiuJiyin, WanYat-wah,etal.Storage space allocation in container terminals Transportation Research Part B:method logical,2003,37(10); 883-903
[59]Lee Y,Hsu NY. An optimization model for the container pre-marshalling problem [J]. Computers and Operations Research (S0305-0548),2007,34(11): 3295-3313
[60]Kim, KH, KimDY. Group Storge Methods at Container Port Terminals[A].In The Material Handling Engineering Division 75th Anniversary Commemorative Volume, ASME 1994,2:15-20
[61]Kap Hwan Kim. A note on a dynamic space-allocation method for outbound containers. European Journal of Operational Research148,2003:92-101
[62]Watanabe I. Characteristics and Anal ysis Method of Efficiencies of Container Terminal:An Approach to the Optimal Loading/Unloading Method[J]. Container Age,1991,(3):38-49
[2]Yuan Zhao, Peng Liu, Zan Yang. Evolution of Regional Port System in Modern Logistic[J].International Conference on Automation and Logistics,2007: 2851-2856
[3]Mohsen Attaran. RFID:an enabler of supply chain operations[M].Supply Chain Management:An International Journal,2007:249-257
[4]张艳,韩晖.降低集装箱码头堆场翻箱率[J].集装箱化,2008,19(4)：8-9
[5]Zhao Dan, Review and Analysis on Institutional Management for Global Ports[J]. JOURNAL OFNINGBO UNIVERSITY,2006.3:36-46
[6]E.mcdowilll, gmartind.cho, west. As tudy of maritime container handing Oregon state university. Sea grant college program ads Coregon 97:1-10,1985
[7]Bernardo de Castillo, Carlos F. Daganzo. Handling Strategies for Import Containers at Marine Terminals [J]. Transportation Research B,1993,27(2): 151-166
[8]Kap Hwan Kim, Gyu-Pyo Hong.A heuristic rule for relocating blocks[J]. Computers and Operations Research (S0305-0548),2006,33(4):940-954
[9]Kim KH, Park YM, Ryu K R. Deriving decision rules to locate export containers in container yards [J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2000(124):89-101
[10]Kap Hwan Kim, Jong Wook Bae.Re-Marshaling Export Containers in Port Container Terminals. Computers and Industrial Engineering.1998 a,35 (3-4): 655-658
[11]Taleb-Ibrahimi M, Castilho BDe.Storage vs Handling Work in Container Terminals. Transportation Research B,1993,27:13-32
[12]Peter Preston, Erhan Kozan. An approach to determine storage locations of containers at seaport terminals. Computers & Operations Research, Volume 28, Issue 10, September 2001, Pages 983-995
[13]江南,王金红,史峰,李宁新,梁建平.集装箱箱号模糊查询方法[J].铁道学报,2008,30(2)：78-82
[14]郝聚民, 纪卓尚, 林焰.混合顺序作业堆场BAY优化模型[J].大连理工大学学报,2000,40(1)：102-105
[15]沈剑峰,金淳,高鹏.基于知识的集装箱堆场箱位分配计划研究[J].计算 机应用研究,2007,24(9)：153-154
[16]杨淑芹,张运杰,王志强.集装箱堆场问题的一个数学模型及其算法(英文)[J].大连海事大学学报,2002,46(S1)：120-122
[17]陈庆伟,王继荣.集装箱堆场出口箱堆存模型及其算法[J].物流科技,2007,31(7)：112-114
[18]高鹏,金淳,韩庆平.提箱作业优化问题的嵌套启发式算法[J].系统管理学报,2008：4(17)：203-209
[19]徐亚,陈秋双,龙磊,杨立志,刘丽芸.集装箱翻箱问题的启发式算法研究[J].系统仿真学报,2008,(14)
[20]张维英,林焰,纪卓尚,吴毅刚.出口集装箱堆场取箱作业优化模型研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2006,28(2)：130-133
[21]计三有,高悦文.集装箱堆场减少倒箱率方法研究[J].水运工程,2006,8：53-61
[22]于汝民.集装箱码头经营管理[M].人民交通出版社,1999
[23]http://www.e0575.cn/
[24]http://fun.hudong.co
[25]http://wikijxwmw.cn
[26]李磊.集装箱港口堆场资源调度的优化[D].天津理工大学.2008
[27]http://www.56easy.com
[28]王志明,符云清.基于遗传算法的集装箱后方堆场箱位分配策略.计算机应用研究.2010.8：2939-2941
[29]于兵关.于集装箱堆场危险品管理的研究[D].北京化工,2008
[30]刘义苍,孙小明.基于知识的集装箱堆场箱位分配计划研究[J].计算机应用研究,2007,24(9)：152-154
[31]周鹏飞.不确定条件下的集装箱码头出口箱箱位分配优选研究[D].大连理工大学.2010
[32]武德春、武晓.集装箱运输实务[M].北京：机械f业出版社,2007
[33]宋天威.集装箱码头堆场堆码方式的研讨[J].集装箱化,1994,(3)：11-13
[34]傅红霞.集装箱码头堆场管理策略[J1.集装箱化,2007,(4)：21一22
[35]王强.集装箱码头堆场作业效率提升方法探究[J]物流与采购研究.2009.36：68-70
[36]郑志虹.堆场计划管理在集装箱码头中的应用[J]水运管理.2002.3：28-29
[37]曾凡华.集装箱堆场倒箱的原因及预防.水运科技信息,1998,169(4)：34-35
[38]王曼君.集成化的集装箱码头管理信息系统[J]港口装卸,2001,(4)：25-27
[39]杨淑芹,张运杰,王志强.集装箱堆场问题的一个数学模型及其算法(英文)[J].大连海事大学学报,2002,46(S1)：120-122
[40]卫家骏.出口集装箱堆场位置的优化[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2010,29(3)：470-473
[41]秦明森.物流作业优化方法[M],北京：中国物资出版社,2003
[42]顾丽亚.集装箱运输管理实务集装箱运输管理实务[M].电子工业出版社
[43]丁以中,费红英,韩晓龙.港口集装箱流研究现状与分析[J].上海海运学院学报.2002,25(2)：45-50
[44]王孟昌.集装箱码头堆场箱位动态分配优化策略研究[D]武汉理工大学.2007
[45]陈智.降低中小码头翻箱率的流程优化方案[J]物流工程与管理,2009,8(31)：77-79
[46]任现元,高学玲集装箱堆场倒箱产生的原因及解决方法集装箱化,[J].1999.(09)：21-22
[47]刘振宝.集装箱码头堆场翻箱技术[J].集装箱化,2010.(02).21-22
[48]白治江,王晓峰.集装箱翻箱优化方案设计[J].水运工程,2008(4)：57-61
[49]曾凡华.集装箱堆场倒箱的原因及预防[J]集装箱运输.1998,4：34-35
[50]杨茅甄.国际集装箱港口管理实务[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2007
[51]王晓、陈海燕、王超、刘单、吕长虹、关于合理确定集装箱码头装船顺序的算法[J].经济数学,2005,(9)：284—289
[52]朱明华,范秀敏,程奂翀,何其昌.集装箱装船顺序问题的启发式算法[J]中国机械工程,2010,(09).1068-1070
[53]C C Wang. Extrinsic calibration of a robot sensor mounted on a robot[J]. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation (S1042-296X),1992,8(4):161-175
[54]Yusin Lee,Shih-liang Chao. A neighborhood search heuristic for pre-marshalling export containers[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2009,196(2): 468-475
[55]Richard Linn,Chuqian Zhang. A Heuristic of Dynamic Yard Crane Deployment in a Container Terminal, ⅡE Transactions,2000,February 1
[56]Ng WC,Mak K L.Yard crane scheduling in port container terminals[J].Applied Mathematical Modlling,2005,29:63-276
[57]Kim KH. Evaluation of The Number of Rehandles in Container Yards[J]. Computers and Industrial Engineering.1997,32(4):701-711
[58]ZhangChuqian, LiuJiyin, WanYat-wah,etal.Storage space allocation in container terminals Transportation Research Part B:method logical,2003,37(10); 883-903
[59]Lee Y,Hsu NY. An optimization model for the container pre-marshalling problem [J]. Computers and Operations Research (S0305-0548),2007,34(11): 3295-3313
[60]Kim, KH, KimDY. Group Storge Methods at Container Port Terminals[A].In The Material Handling Engineering Division 75th Anniversary Commemorative Volume, ASME 1994,2:15-20
[61]Kap Hwan Kim. A note on a dynamic space-allocation method for outbound containers. European Journal of Operational Research148,2003:92-101
[62]Watanabe I. Characteristics and Anal ysis Method of Efficiencies of Container Terminal:An Approach to the Optimal Loading/Unloading Method[J]. Container Age,1991,(3):38-49