公路现浇混凝土桥梁碗扣式钢管支模架设计与分析
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摘要
随着我国高速公路的快速发展以及城市化进程的加快,公路立体交叉桥、互通区、枢纽的匝道桥、城市立交桥和高架桥等现浇形式的桥越来越多,在施工方法上多采用钢管支模架支撑现浇的工艺。碗扣式钢管支架因其良好的性能特点,成为我国目前桥梁施工中主要的支架形式。但是由于该结构体系设计理论的不足,与之匹配的技术规范的滞后和不完善,再加上施工管理和材料质量等方面的缺陷,导致近年来碗扣式脚手架和支模架在桥梁施工中不断发生坍塌事故。因此对碗扣式钢管支架进行分析和研究,具有重要的实际意义。
本文的主要研究内容如下:通过大量的调研和收集钢管支模架在桥梁施工中的事故实例,分析总结引起事故的原因,并针对性地提出预防事故的对策和措施;对桥梁施工中常用的三种支架的优缺点进行了分析比较,对碗扣式钢管支架的性能特点作了介绍,提出了实际工程中选择应用新型脚手架支撑系统应遵循的基本原则和支架系统搭设方案,对特殊条件下的搭设方法进行了研究说明;对现行的碗扣式规范进行了研究,指出了其不合理或不足之处,并提出了改进的建议;对支架预压和预拱度设置进行了研究,结合桥梁施工支模架预压的目的,提出预压荷载和预压加、卸载方式,并引入工程实例验证;分析了作用在支架系统上的各种荷载,确定了荷载计算方法,使用ABAQUS有限元程序建立空间立体模型,模拟支模架受力情况,结合工程实例,对支模架进行了设计计算,保证了桥梁支模架施工安全,对此类结构的支模架设计和施工提供了借鉴参考的经验和思路。
With the rapid development of highway and the acceleration of urbanization progress in China , more and more types of cast-in-situ bridges have been built ,such as spatial cross bridges on the highway , ramp bridges in traffic hinge, overpasses and trestles in cities and so on, which were supported by formwork-supporting systems during their construction periods . With its outstanding performance , cuplock joint scaffold has been the mainly used supporting system in our country . However , there have been a large number of collapse accidents of the cuplock joint scaffold and the supporting system in recent years , most of which were caused by the insufficiency of the design theory , imperfection of the Technical Specification and the faults in construction management and materials . Thus ,there will be of great practical significance to do research in this field.
The main contents in this paper are as below : After a extensive collection and research of the accidents , this paper summarized causations of these accidents and brought forward some measures . The advantages and disadvantages of three normally used type of scaffold have been discussed, after that, the performance of the cuplock joint scaffold has been introduced , the fundamental principles and erection program for application of new type supporting system have been presented, and a research about erection programs under special conditions has been finished .Based on a study about the present specification of cuplock joint scaffold , several unreasonable and insufficient issues have been pointed out, and some pieces of suggestions have been presented. According to a research about precamber of the bridges , the number of prepressing , the ways to load and unload have been presented combining the purpose of prepressing , then all of these were validated against a practical project. The loads imposing on the scaffold have been analysed and the method for load calculation has been determined . A numerical model has been established , through which the simulation of the response to loads and safety calculation have been done . Based on the researches described previously , the write is hoping to provide some experience and solutions for the design and construction of cuplock joint scaffold.
本文的主要研究内容如下:通过大量的调研和收集钢管支模架在桥梁施工中的事故实例,分析总结引起事故的原因,并针对性地提出预防事故的对策和措施;对桥梁施工中常用的三种支架的优缺点进行了分析比较,对碗扣式钢管支架的性能特点作了介绍,提出了实际工程中选择应用新型脚手架支撑系统应遵循的基本原则和支架系统搭设方案,对特殊条件下的搭设方法进行了研究说明;对现行的碗扣式规范进行了研究,指出了其不合理或不足之处,并提出了改进的建议;对支架预压和预拱度设置进行了研究,结合桥梁施工支模架预压的目的,提出预压荷载和预压加、卸载方式,并引入工程实例验证;分析了作用在支架系统上的各种荷载,确定了荷载计算方法,使用ABAQUS有限元程序建立空间立体模型,模拟支模架受力情况,结合工程实例,对支模架进行了设计计算,保证了桥梁支模架施工安全,对此类结构的支模架设计和施工提供了借鉴参考的经验和思路。
With the rapid development of highway and the acceleration of urbanization progress in China , more and more types of cast-in-situ bridges have been built ,such as spatial cross bridges on the highway , ramp bridges in traffic hinge, overpasses and trestles in cities and so on, which were supported by formwork-supporting systems during their construction periods . With its outstanding performance , cuplock joint scaffold has been the mainly used supporting system in our country . However , there have been a large number of collapse accidents of the cuplock joint scaffold and the supporting system in recent years , most of which were caused by the insufficiency of the design theory , imperfection of the Technical Specification and the faults in construction management and materials . Thus ,there will be of great practical significance to do research in this field.
The main contents in this paper are as below : After a extensive collection and research of the accidents , this paper summarized causations of these accidents and brought forward some measures . The advantages and disadvantages of three normally used type of scaffold have been discussed, after that, the performance of the cuplock joint scaffold has been introduced , the fundamental principles and erection program for application of new type supporting system have been presented, and a research about erection programs under special conditions has been finished .Based on a study about the present specification of cuplock joint scaffold , several unreasonable and insufficient issues have been pointed out, and some pieces of suggestions have been presented. According to a research about precamber of the bridges , the number of prepressing , the ways to load and unload have been presented combining the purpose of prepressing , then all of these were validated against a practical project. The loads imposing on the scaffold have been analysed and the method for load calculation has been determined . A numerical model has been established , through which the simulation of the response to loads and safety calculation have been done . Based on the researches described previously , the write is hoping to provide some experience and solutions for the design and construction of cuplock joint scaffold.
引文
[1-1]杜荣军,扣件式钢管模板高支模架的设计和使用安全,施工技术,2002,31(3):3-8
[1-2]刘家彬、郭正兴,扣件钢管架支模的安全性,施工技术,2002,31(3):9-11
[1-3]金伟良、鲁征、刘鑫、袁雪霞,支模架施工安全性的评价研究,浙江大学学报(工学版),2006,40(5):800-803
[1-4]袁雪霞、金伟良、鲁征、刘鑫,扣件式钢管支模架稳定承载能力研究,土木工程学报,2006,39(5):43-50
[1-5]袁雪霞、金伟良等,扣件式钢管模板支撑方案的模糊风险分析模型,浙江大学学报(工学版),2006,40(8):1371-1376
[1-6]刘桐、刘训良、李维滨,扣件式钢管支模架底模挠度试验研究,施工技术,2004,33(2):23-24
[1-7]李维滨、刘桐、郭正兴,扣件式钢管支模架安全性研究与施工建议,建筑技术,2004,35(8):593-595
[1-8]罗建平、蒋瞻,现浇箱梁满堂式脚手架的设计与优化,林业建设,2001,(3):26-27
[1-9]孙作功、应惠清、王行德,基于满堂脚手架的可靠性设计,广西工学院学报,2003,14(1):28-30,39
[1-10]李维滨、刘桐、郭正兴,扣件式钢管支模架试验研究,建筑技术开发,2004,31(1):57-59
[1-11]余宗明,高型脚手架与支模架的结构设计,施工技术,2005,34(3):46-48
[1-12]益德清,扣件式钢管脚手架与支模架的设计计算,浙江建筑,2003,122(5):1-8
[1-13]衣振华、王有志,桥梁施工中碗扣式脚手架支撑的计算,施工技术,2006,35(7):57-58
[2-1]糜嘉平,脚手架、模板倒塌事故的原因及对策,建筑技术,2001,32(4):260
[2-2]刘家彬、郭正兴,扣件钢管架支模的安全性,施工技术,2002,31(3):9-11
[2-3]梁耀峰,扣件式钢管脚手架伤亡事故案例分析及预防,建筑安全,2004,(6):6-9
[2-4]赵玉章,模板与脚手架工程安全事故及防治措施,建筑技术,2003,34(8):596
[2-5]中国模板脚手架租赁网,http://www.cfr.org.cn/shownews.aspx?id=406
[2-6]赵玉章,大力促进模板、脚手架新技术的应用,建筑技术开发,1997,24(1):40-42、25
[2-7]黄群,大跨砼结构中扣件式钢管支模架设计[硕士学位论文],浙江大学,2005,13-14
[2-8]衣振华,碗扣式脚手架支撑在桥梁施工中倒塌的原因及对策,工业建筑,2006,36(3):105-107
[2-9]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,JGJ166-2008,《建筑施工碗扣式钢管脚手架安全技术规范》,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.1
[2-10]杜荣军,扣件架的设计安全度和施工安全管理,施工技术,2003,32(2):9-12、 21
[2-11]浙江省建设厅,DB33/1035-2006 J10905-2006,《建筑施工扣件式钢管支模架技术规程》,杭州:浙江大学出版社,2006.12
[3-1]交通部第一公路工程总公司主编,公路施工手册:桥涵/下册,北京:人民交通出版社,1999.11
[3-2]王有志,桥梁钢管支架安全评估方法研究[博士学位论文],天津大学建筑
工程学院,2004.11,6—17
[3.3]林栋,WDJ齿碗扣型多功能脚手架在立交桥工程中的应用,福建建设科技,
1994,(No.1):24.25
[3.4]沈阳安利脚手架制造公司技术资料
[3.5]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,JGJl66-2008,《建筑施工碗扣式钢管
脚手架安全技术规范》,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.1
[3.6]杨嗣信,建筑工程模板施工手册[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[3.7]赵喜科,大跨度现浇箱型拱桥施工技术研究[工程硕士论文],西南交通大
学,2002.11,6.7
[4-1]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,JGJ166-2008,《建筑施工碗扣式式钢管脚手架安全技术规范》,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.1
[4-2]甘志明,扣件式钢管高大模板支撑体系的施工技术与管理对策研究[硕士论 文],重庆大学,2007,9-12
[4-3]浙江省建设厅,DB33/1035-2006 J10905-2006,《建筑施工扣件式钢管支模架技术规程》,杭州:浙江大学出版社,2006.12
[4-4]中华人民共和国建设部,GB 50017-2003,《钢结构设计规范》,北京:中国计划出版社,2003.4
[4-5]中华人民共和国建设部,GB50009-2001,《建筑结构荷载规范》,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.1
[4-6]易兴中、张喜一,对现行《建筑施工扣件式钢管脚手架安全技术规范》相关问题的探讨,建筑安全,2007,(5):48-49
[4-7]中华人民共和国建设部,GB50068,《建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准》,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.11
[5-1]中华人民共和国建设部,JGJ 130-2001,《建筑施工扣件式钢管脚手架安全技术规范》,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.2
[5-2]浙江省建设厅,DB33/1035-2006 J10905-2006,《建筑施工扣件式钢管支模架技术规程》,杭州:浙江大学出版社,2006.12
[5-3]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,JGJ166-2008,《建筑施工碗扣式式钢管脚手架安全技术规范》,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.1
[5-4]中华人民共和国交通部,JTJ041-2000,《公路工程桥梁施工技术规范》,北京:人民交通出版社,2000.10
[5-5]交通部第一公路工程总公司主编,公路施工手册:桥涵/下册,人民交通出版社,1999.11
[5-6]黄群,大跨砼结构中扣件式钢管支模架设计[硕士论文],浙江大学,2005,52-53
[5-7]王景元,软土地基现浇连续箱梁支架设计与施工技术,中外公路,2008,28(2):139
[5-8]徐平原、李志泥、黄菊红,现浇连续箱梁支架灌水预压法在桥梁工程中的应用,浙江建筑,2007,24(11):46
[5-9]何天宝,预应力连续梁满堂支架压载试验,公路,2003,(4):25-26
[5-10]赵庆昌,支架法现浇连续梁桥预压监测,山西交通科技,2008,195(6):32-33
[5-11]王智,大跨度跨线现浇连续箱梁支架设计,交通科技,2007,223(4):21
[5-12]杨洋,大跨高耸脚手架支撑体系的研究[硕士论文],重庆大学,2004,19-20
[6-1]交通部第一公路工程总公司主编,公路施工手册:桥涵/下册,人民交通出版社,1999.11
[6-2]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,JGJ166-2008,《建筑施工碗扣式式钢管脚手架安全技术规范》,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.1
[6-3]ABAQUS Standard User's Manual.Hibbitt,Karlsson and Sorensen,Inc.vols.1-3,Version 6.4,USA,2004.
[1-2]刘家彬、郭正兴,扣件钢管架支模的安全性,施工技术,2002,31(3):9-11
[1-3]金伟良、鲁征、刘鑫、袁雪霞,支模架施工安全性的评价研究,浙江大学学报(工学版),2006,40(5):800-803
[1-4]袁雪霞、金伟良、鲁征、刘鑫,扣件式钢管支模架稳定承载能力研究,土木工程学报,2006,39(5):43-50
[1-5]袁雪霞、金伟良等,扣件式钢管模板支撑方案的模糊风险分析模型,浙江大学学报(工学版),2006,40(8):1371-1376
[1-6]刘桐、刘训良、李维滨,扣件式钢管支模架底模挠度试验研究,施工技术,2004,33(2):23-24
[1-7]李维滨、刘桐、郭正兴,扣件式钢管支模架安全性研究与施工建议,建筑技术,2004,35(8):593-595
[1-8]罗建平、蒋瞻,现浇箱梁满堂式脚手架的设计与优化,林业建设,2001,(3):26-27
[1-9]孙作功、应惠清、王行德,基于满堂脚手架的可靠性设计,广西工学院学报,2003,14(1):28-30,39
[1-10]李维滨、刘桐、郭正兴,扣件式钢管支模架试验研究,建筑技术开发,2004,31(1):57-59
[1-11]余宗明,高型脚手架与支模架的结构设计,施工技术,2005,34(3):46-48
[1-12]益德清,扣件式钢管脚手架与支模架的设计计算,浙江建筑,2003,122(5):1-8
[1-13]衣振华、王有志,桥梁施工中碗扣式脚手架支撑的计算,施工技术,2006,35(7):57-58
[2-1]糜嘉平,脚手架、模板倒塌事故的原因及对策,建筑技术,2001,32(4):260
[2-2]刘家彬、郭正兴,扣件钢管架支模的安全性,施工技术,2002,31(3):9-11
[2-3]梁耀峰,扣件式钢管脚手架伤亡事故案例分析及预防,建筑安全,2004,(6):6-9
[2-4]赵玉章,模板与脚手架工程安全事故及防治措施,建筑技术,2003,34(8):596
[2-5]中国模板脚手架租赁网,http://www.cfr.org.cn/shownews.aspx?id=406
[2-6]赵玉章,大力促进模板、脚手架新技术的应用,建筑技术开发,1997,24(1):40-42、25
[2-7]黄群,大跨砼结构中扣件式钢管支模架设计[硕士学位论文],浙江大学,2005,13-14
[2-8]衣振华,碗扣式脚手架支撑在桥梁施工中倒塌的原因及对策,工业建筑,2006,36(3):105-107
[2-9]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,JGJ166-2008,《建筑施工碗扣式钢管脚手架安全技术规范》,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.1
[2-10]杜荣军,扣件架的设计安全度和施工安全管理,施工技术,2003,32(2):9-12、 21
[2-11]浙江省建设厅,DB33/1035-2006 J10905-2006,《建筑施工扣件式钢管支模架技术规程》,杭州:浙江大学出版社,2006.12
[3-1]交通部第一公路工程总公司主编,公路施工手册:桥涵/下册,北京:人民交通出版社,1999.11
[3-2]王有志,桥梁钢管支架安全评估方法研究[博士学位论文],天津大学建筑
工程学院,2004.11,6—17
[3.3]林栋,WDJ齿碗扣型多功能脚手架在立交桥工程中的应用,福建建设科技,
1994,(No.1):24.25
[3.4]沈阳安利脚手架制造公司技术资料
[3.5]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,JGJl66-2008,《建筑施工碗扣式钢管
脚手架安全技术规范》,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.1
[3.6]杨嗣信,建筑工程模板施工手册[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[3.7]赵喜科,大跨度现浇箱型拱桥施工技术研究[工程硕士论文],西南交通大
学,2002.11,6.7
[4-1]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部,JGJ166-2008,《建筑施工碗扣式式钢管脚手架安全技术规范》,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.1
[4-2]甘志明,扣件式钢管高大模板支撑体系的施工技术与管理对策研究[硕士论 文],重庆大学,2007,9-12
[4-3]浙江省建设厅,DB33/1035-2006 J10905-2006,《建筑施工扣件式钢管支模架技术规程》,杭州:浙江大学出版社,2006.12
[4-4]中华人民共和国建设部,GB 50017-2003,《钢结构设计规范》,北京:中国计划出版社,2003.4
[4-5]中华人民共和国建设部,GB50009-2001,《建筑结构荷载规范》,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.1
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