体育院系篮球普修课投篮技术教学方法优化组合实验研究
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摘要
教学过程不仅是向学生传播知识、技能的过程,而且是培养学生思维和创新能力的过程。体育教学方法是指在体育教学过程中,教师和学生为实现体育教学目的,实践体育教学任务,有计划地采用的可以产生教与学相互作用的具有技术性的教学活动的总称,是教学过程整体结构的一个重要组成部分。因此,科学合理的选择和采用恰当的教学方法进行教学是实现教学效果最优化的关键。体育教学方法的种类是多种多样,且不断创新和发展,每种教学方法都有其独特的性能、适用范围和条件,不同的教学内容应采用不同的教学方法,使教学过程具体化、可操作化。所以在教学过程中不可能用一种或几种“万能”的教学方法解决复杂的教学任务。
基于此,本研究运用巴班斯基教学过程最优化理论、控制论、系统论、信息论原理以及运动技能形成机制,优化组合现代教学媒体、方法与传统教学方法相结合的形式,对体育院系篮球普修单手肩上投篮技术课教学方法进行优化组合实验研究。
在研究过程中,作者主要运用了文献资料法、数理统计法、教学实验等综合研究方法,以篮球普修单手肩上投篮技术教学为例,对湖南人文科技学院体育系2007级、2008级各两个本科术科班学生进行了为期两轮的教学实验。研究的主要目的：主要运用巴班斯基教学过程最优化理论,优化组合教学方法,力求在有限的授课时数内,使篮球普修单手肩上投篮技术课教学效果最优化。同时,进一步探讨教学方法优化组合在篮球普修课教学中的应用,为新形势下的篮球普修课的教学改革提供实践指导和理论参考。
本研究得出以下结论：1)在篮球单手肩上投篮技术课教学中,教学方法的优化组合较好地解决了单手肩上投篮技术中的难点,实践证明,实验结果呈显著差异,其教学效果优于常规教学,在教学中切实可行；2)电化教学手段与传统教学方法的优化组合,构成了信息及反馈调节的优化教学模式,达到了优化教学过程,提高教学效果的目的,具有一定的先进性；3)教学方法的优化组合充分发挥了现代教学媒体的功能和教师的主导作用,调动了学生的主观能动性,师生共同参与教学的全过程,培养和发展了学生的思维能力；4)教学方法的优化组合具有视听效果生动,刺激和反馈调节及时,纠错能力强等特点,有效的缩短了教学周期,提高了教学效率；5)教学方法的优化组合充分发挥了教学方法的整体功能,对于丰富教学内容,促进教学改革,实现学习的主体化、多元化,全面提高教学质量具有一定的现实意义和参考价值。
The teaching process not only intends to convey knowledge and skill to the students, but also to train the thinking and innovation capability of the students. PE teaching method refers to the generic term of technical teaching activities with interaction between teaching and learning, which is adopted designedly by the teachers and students to realize PE teaching purpose and fulfill PE teaching task in PE teaching process. It is an essential part of the integrated structure of the teaching process. Therefore, scientific and reasonable selection and proper adoption of the teaching method is pivot of realization of teaching effect optimization. The PE teaching methods are various and continuously descendible, which each one has particular performance, application scope and condition and different teaching method shall be adopted for different teaching to make the teaching process concrete and exercisable, so one or several "all-purpose" teaching methods can not be used in the teaching process to solve complex teaching tasks.
On the above basis, by applying Babanski's Theory about teaching process optimization, cybernetics, system theory, information theory and sports skill forming mechanism and combining the modern teaching media, methods and traditional ones, this study conducts experimental research on optical combination of single-handed shooting skill teaching method for compulsory basketball courses of physical education majors.
In the research process, by applying integrated research methods like literature method, mathematical statistics and teaching experiment and taking single-handed shooting teaching of compulsory basketball course for example, two periods of teaching experiment has been conducted to undergraduates of two classes majoring in skill course in grade 2007 and 2008 of the Physical Department of Hunan Institute of Science and Technology. The main purpose of the research is:mainly by applying Babanski's Theory about teaching process optimization, to optimize and combine the teaching methods, to make every effect to optimize the teaching effect of single-handed shooting skill for compulsory basketball courses in the limited teaching hours. Meanwhile, it discusses the application of optimal teaching method in the teaching of the compulsory basketball courses further and provides practical guidance and theoretical reference for the teaching reform of the compulsory basketball courses under the new situation.
This research draws the following conclusion:1) Optimal combination of the teaching methods solves the difficulties in shooting skill better and the practice proves that its teaching effect is better than regular one and is operable in teaching.2) Optical combination of electrification instruction and traditional teaching methods forms the optimal teaching model of information and feedback adjustment, reaches the purpose of teaching process optimization, improves the teaching effect and is with some advance.3) Optimal combination of the teaching methods brings the function of modern teaching media and the leading role of the teacher into full play, arouses the subjective initiative of the students, with the teacher and the students participating in the main teaching process, and trains and develops the thinking capability of the students.4) Optimal combination of the teaching methods boasts the characteristics of vivid audio-visual effect, timely stimulation and feedback adjustment and strong error correcting capability, which shortens the teaching period effectively and improves the teaching efficiency.5) Optimal combination of the teaching methods brings the integrated function into full play, which has great realistic significance and reference value for enriching teaching content, promoting teaching reform, realizing learning principal part and pluralism and improves the overall teaching quality.
基于此,本研究运用巴班斯基教学过程最优化理论、控制论、系统论、信息论原理以及运动技能形成机制,优化组合现代教学媒体、方法与传统教学方法相结合的形式,对体育院系篮球普修单手肩上投篮技术课教学方法进行优化组合实验研究。
在研究过程中,作者主要运用了文献资料法、数理统计法、教学实验等综合研究方法,以篮球普修单手肩上投篮技术教学为例,对湖南人文科技学院体育系2007级、2008级各两个本科术科班学生进行了为期两轮的教学实验。研究的主要目的：主要运用巴班斯基教学过程最优化理论,优化组合教学方法,力求在有限的授课时数内,使篮球普修单手肩上投篮技术课教学效果最优化。同时,进一步探讨教学方法优化组合在篮球普修课教学中的应用,为新形势下的篮球普修课的教学改革提供实践指导和理论参考。
本研究得出以下结论：1)在篮球单手肩上投篮技术课教学中,教学方法的优化组合较好地解决了单手肩上投篮技术中的难点,实践证明,实验结果呈显著差异,其教学效果优于常规教学,在教学中切实可行；2)电化教学手段与传统教学方法的优化组合,构成了信息及反馈调节的优化教学模式,达到了优化教学过程,提高教学效果的目的,具有一定的先进性；3)教学方法的优化组合充分发挥了现代教学媒体的功能和教师的主导作用,调动了学生的主观能动性,师生共同参与教学的全过程,培养和发展了学生的思维能力；4)教学方法的优化组合具有视听效果生动,刺激和反馈调节及时,纠错能力强等特点,有效的缩短了教学周期,提高了教学效率；5)教学方法的优化组合充分发挥了教学方法的整体功能,对于丰富教学内容,促进教学改革,实现学习的主体化、多元化,全面提高教学质量具有一定的现实意义和参考价值。
The teaching process not only intends to convey knowledge and skill to the students, but also to train the thinking and innovation capability of the students. PE teaching method refers to the generic term of technical teaching activities with interaction between teaching and learning, which is adopted designedly by the teachers and students to realize PE teaching purpose and fulfill PE teaching task in PE teaching process. It is an essential part of the integrated structure of the teaching process. Therefore, scientific and reasonable selection and proper adoption of the teaching method is pivot of realization of teaching effect optimization. The PE teaching methods are various and continuously descendible, which each one has particular performance, application scope and condition and different teaching method shall be adopted for different teaching to make the teaching process concrete and exercisable, so one or several "all-purpose" teaching methods can not be used in the teaching process to solve complex teaching tasks.
On the above basis, by applying Babanski's Theory about teaching process optimization, cybernetics, system theory, information theory and sports skill forming mechanism and combining the modern teaching media, methods and traditional ones, this study conducts experimental research on optical combination of single-handed shooting skill teaching method for compulsory basketball courses of physical education majors.
In the research process, by applying integrated research methods like literature method, mathematical statistics and teaching experiment and taking single-handed shooting teaching of compulsory basketball course for example, two periods of teaching experiment has been conducted to undergraduates of two classes majoring in skill course in grade 2007 and 2008 of the Physical Department of Hunan Institute of Science and Technology. The main purpose of the research is:mainly by applying Babanski's Theory about teaching process optimization, to optimize and combine the teaching methods, to make every effect to optimize the teaching effect of single-handed shooting skill for compulsory basketball courses in the limited teaching hours. Meanwhile, it discusses the application of optimal teaching method in the teaching of the compulsory basketball courses further and provides practical guidance and theoretical reference for the teaching reform of the compulsory basketball courses under the new situation.
This research draws the following conclusion:1) Optimal combination of the teaching methods solves the difficulties in shooting skill better and the practice proves that its teaching effect is better than regular one and is operable in teaching.2) Optical combination of electrification instruction and traditional teaching methods forms the optimal teaching model of information and feedback adjustment, reaches the purpose of teaching process optimization, improves the teaching effect and is with some advance.3) Optimal combination of the teaching methods brings the function of modern teaching media and the leading role of the teacher into full play, arouses the subjective initiative of the students, with the teacher and the students participating in the main teaching process, and trains and develops the thinking capability of the students.4) Optimal combination of the teaching methods boasts the characteristics of vivid audio-visual effect, timely stimulation and feedback adjustment and strong error correcting capability, which shortens the teaching period effectively and improves the teaching efficiency.5) Optimal combination of the teaching methods brings the integrated function into full play, which has great realistic significance and reference value for enriching teaching content, promoting teaching reform, realizing learning principal part and pluralism and improves the overall teaching quality.
引文
①毛振明.体育教学方法理论与研究案例[M].人民体育出版社,2006.6.
②全国普通高等学校体育教育专业课程方案.2003.6.
①巴班斯基.教学教育过程最优化[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2001.
①转引自陈中立.真理过程论[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,1984：144-145.
①巴班斯基主编.张定璋,高文译.中学教学方法的选择[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2001：73.
①巴班斯基.张定璋,高文译.中学教学方法的选择[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2001：44.
[1]刘绍曾.我国体育教学方法的发展[J].北京体育大学学报,1996(2).
[2]全国普通高等学校体育教育专业课程方案.2003.6.
[3]达尼洛夫.教学论[M].北京：人民教育出版社,1981.
[4]布鲁纳.教育过程[M].北京：文化教育出版社,1982.
[5]巴班斯基.教学教育过程最优化[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2001.
[6]孔德拉秋克.教学论[M].北京：人民教育出版社,1984.
[7]潘懋元.高等教育学[M].厦门：福建教育出版社, 1995.
[8]李秉德.教学论[M].北京：人民教育出版社,1991.
[9]雷志灶.周铁军.体育方法[M].长沙：湖南科学技术出版社,2001.
[10]孙民治.高等学校教材球类运动——篮球[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2001.
[11]金钦昌.学校体育学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1994.
[12]陈铁成.高校体育教育专业术科教学方法改革与优化[J].临沂师范学院学报,2002(3).
[13]张子沙.面向21世纪我国高等体育教育专业教学方法体系结构及其发展趋向[J].体育科学,2000(3).
[14]龚正伟.学校体育改革与发展论[M].北京：北京体育大学出版社,2002.
[15]《比较体育》编写组.比较体育[M].电子科技大学出版社,1990.
[16]薛岚等.篮球技术教学的方法论思考[J].广州体育学院学报,1999(2).
[17]杨桦.论篮球运动的本质、特征及规律[J].成都体育学院学报,2001(4).
[18]吴志超等.现代教学论与体育教学[M].北京：人民体育出版社,1993.
[19]吴也显.教学论新编[M].北京：教育科学出版社,1991.
[20]汪馥郁.教学方法论导论[M].北京：中国经济出版社,1990.
[21]孙民治.篮球纵横[M].北京：人民体育出版社,1996.
[22]刘绍曾.体育教学方法三要素及其应用[J].中国学校体育,1993(2).
[23]中国高等体育院校、中国普通高校体育院系概览[M].北京：人民体育出版社,1999.
[24]刘善言.学校体育学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2001.
[25]郑旗等.现代体育科学研究的理论与方法[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2001.
[26]胡建华等.高等教育学新论[M].南京：江苏教育出版社,2000.
[27]曲宗湖等.学校体育教学探索[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2000.
[28]威廉.维尔斯曼.教育研究方法导论[M].北京：教育科学出版社,1997.
[29]冯增俊等.比较教育学[M].南京：江苏教育出版社,1996.
[30]阎承利.教学最优化艺术[M].北京：教育科学出版社,1995.
[31]符娟明等.比较高等教育[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,1987.
[32]董远骞.教学原理和方法[M].北京：人民教育出版社,1985.
[33]郑其龙.论教学规律[M].长沙：湖南人民出版社,1981.
[34]薛岚.篮球技术的方法论研究[J].体育科学,2002(5).
[35]雷玲.体育专业篮球普修课教学优化组合探析[J].成都体育学院学报,2002(5).
[36]王新华篮球教学过程的理论及结构优化[J].体育学刊,2002(4).
[37]冯守东.篮球技术教学中提高学生综合能力的实验研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2002(4).
[38]粱秀平.多媒体技术在篮球教学中的应用[J].辽宁高职学报,2002(2).
[39]周珂等.19952000年我国篮球教学研究现状与特点[J].体育科研,2002(1).
[40]刘爱云.教学方法分类体系的构建[J].教育评论,2000.6.
[41]朱敏.现代教学方法发展的趋势性特征[J].外国教育研究,2001.8.
[42]卢闻君.优化体育教学方法的辩证思考[J].体育科研,1999.2.
[43]范树成.论教学方法综合化的形式[J].教育评论,2001.6.
[44]范寅虎.关于教学方法的几点理论思考[J].教育理论与实践,2000.6.
[45]高天明.教学方法研究：历程、问题与反思[J].西北师大学报：社会科学版,2001.3.
[46]屈文贵.试论现代体育教学方法的特点及发展趋势[J].贵州体育科技,2000.3.
[47]Richard A.Magill.Motor Learning:Concepts and Application[M].Boston:McGraw-Hill,1998
[48]Judith E.Rink.Teaching Physical Education for Learning[M].C.V.Mosby,1985
②全国普通高等学校体育教育专业课程方案.2003.6.
①巴班斯基.教学教育过程最优化[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2001.
①转引自陈中立.真理过程论[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,1984：144-145.
①巴班斯基主编.张定璋,高文译.中学教学方法的选择[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2001：73.
①巴班斯基.张定璋,高文译.中学教学方法的选择[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2001：44.
[1]刘绍曾.我国体育教学方法的发展[J].北京体育大学学报,1996(2).
[2]全国普通高等学校体育教育专业课程方案.2003.6.
[3]达尼洛夫.教学论[M].北京：人民教育出版社,1981.
[4]布鲁纳.教育过程[M].北京：文化教育出版社,1982.
[5]巴班斯基.教学教育过程最优化[M].北京：教育科学出版社,2001.
[6]孔德拉秋克.教学论[M].北京：人民教育出版社,1984.
[7]潘懋元.高等教育学[M].厦门：福建教育出版社, 1995.
[8]李秉德.教学论[M].北京：人民教育出版社,1991.
[9]雷志灶.周铁军.体育方法[M].长沙：湖南科学技术出版社,2001.
[10]孙民治.高等学校教材球类运动——篮球[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2001.
[11]金钦昌.学校体育学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1994.
[12]陈铁成.高校体育教育专业术科教学方法改革与优化[J].临沂师范学院学报,2002(3).
[13]张子沙.面向21世纪我国高等体育教育专业教学方法体系结构及其发展趋向[J].体育科学,2000(3).
[14]龚正伟.学校体育改革与发展论[M].北京：北京体育大学出版社,2002.
[15]《比较体育》编写组.比较体育[M].电子科技大学出版社,1990.
[16]薛岚等.篮球技术教学的方法论思考[J].广州体育学院学报,1999(2).
[17]杨桦.论篮球运动的本质、特征及规律[J].成都体育学院学报,2001(4).
[18]吴志超等.现代教学论与体育教学[M].北京：人民体育出版社,1993.
[19]吴也显.教学论新编[M].北京：教育科学出版社,1991.
[20]汪馥郁.教学方法论导论[M].北京：中国经济出版社,1990.
[21]孙民治.篮球纵横[M].北京：人民体育出版社,1996.
[22]刘绍曾.体育教学方法三要素及其应用[J].中国学校体育,1993(2).
[23]中国高等体育院校、中国普通高校体育院系概览[M].北京：人民体育出版社,1999.
[24]刘善言.学校体育学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2001.
[25]郑旗等.现代体育科学研究的理论与方法[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2001.
[26]胡建华等.高等教育学新论[M].南京：江苏教育出版社,2000.
[27]曲宗湖等.学校体育教学探索[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2000.
[28]威廉.维尔斯曼.教育研究方法导论[M].北京：教育科学出版社,1997.
[29]冯增俊等.比较教育学[M].南京：江苏教育出版社,1996.
[30]阎承利.教学最优化艺术[M].北京：教育科学出版社,1995.
[31]符娟明等.比较高等教育[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,1987.
[32]董远骞.教学原理和方法[M].北京：人民教育出版社,1985.
[33]郑其龙.论教学规律[M].长沙：湖南人民出版社,1981.
[34]薛岚.篮球技术的方法论研究[J].体育科学,2002(5).
[35]雷玲.体育专业篮球普修课教学优化组合探析[J].成都体育学院学报,2002(5).
[36]王新华篮球教学过程的理论及结构优化[J].体育学刊,2002(4).
[37]冯守东.篮球技术教学中提高学生综合能力的实验研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2002(4).
[38]粱秀平.多媒体技术在篮球教学中的应用[J].辽宁高职学报,2002(2).
[39]周珂等.19952000年我国篮球教学研究现状与特点[J].体育科研,2002(1).
[40]刘爱云.教学方法分类体系的构建[J].教育评论,2000.6.
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