基于Open Inventor的圈绒地毯花型仿真技术研究
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摘要
现有机织物CAD系统的外观模拟功能可以快速获取所设计织物的外观效果,但只适合模拟部分织物,其二维模拟图像的真实感不足,用三维图像真实模拟机织物的外观已成为新的研究方向。
本课题以计算机图形学和软件工程知识为理论基础,应用纺织专业知识,对地毯中纱线的三维几何形态进行了深入分析,建立绒圈的三维几何模型,进行光照材质设置,结合地毯空间几何模型和受力模型,实现了圈绒地毯的计算机三维仿真。具体研究内容如下：
纱线模拟：首先从影响纱线的几个主要因素颜色、纱支、捻度、捻向、光照性能等入手,建立纱线受力模型,模拟纱线中心线的轨迹,结合Peirce模型模拟纱线的横向几何特征,得到纱线的建立了纱线的三维模型。结合纱线的基本光照材质参数设置,模拟出纱线的真实光照效果,实现纱线的三维仿真。
绒圈模拟：本文采用简化绒圈为单纱绒圈,细化绒圈表而细节的方法,建立绒圈模型。绒圈在地毯中并不是按照设计图规则排列,绒圈会发生错位、挤压变形、甚至高低圈遮挡。在地毯的整体效果模拟时,必须将这些因素考虑在内。
地毯模拟：在Open Inventor三维图形系统中采用Phong模型建立地毯织物表面纱线的光照模型。根据光源的强度、位置等结合纱线的材质、结构、捻度和纱线在织物中的位置研究织物表面颜色明暗变化规律,并最终模拟地毯织物的外观效果。调整摄像机的位置和方向,可以从不同的角度观察仿真结果。
通过本研究方法模拟的地毯织物外观的3D模拟效果图和实物对比,模拟图能够逼真的模拟地毯中的圈高变化,实现了二维模拟难以实现的仿真效果。
In recent years, fabric designers are unsatisfied with the CAD/CAM system for woven fabric, for it is not able to provide a live image of the appearance of the fabric designed, and the system can only display part of the fabrics with 2D image. Therefore, the software engineers are trying to develop advanced system to provide a vivid 3D image for various woven fabrics; this is the purpose of the research project.
The goal of the research is the modeling and simulation of the geometrical appearance of yarn and tufted carpet in a 3D manner. The knowledge of carpet, theory of computer graphics and object-oriented programming technique is employed, and 3D geometric property of loop pile in the fabric is thoroughly investigated. Loop pile modeling and rendering technique is developed based on the theories of carpet geometry and mechanics. Specific researches are as follows:
The yarn model is focused on some main factors, such as color, count, twist, direction of twist and illumination. The 3D geometry model of yarn is established through yarn stress model, the trajectory of centerline of yarn, combining Peirce model of the transverse geometric features. The basic lightening and material model of yarn is also employed to simulate the illumination of yarn in the physical world.
The loop pile model is established based on the simplified loop pile composing of a single yarn and thinning hair circle surface detail. Loop pile in the carpet won't be evenly arranged regularly as in the design paper; the loop pile may bend, move forward or back ward, move up or down even overlapped between the high and low loop pile. In the overall effect of the carpet simulation, these factors must be taken into consideration.
Phong shading model and Open Inventor are used in the project. Furthermore, texture mapping technology is also used to reflect the twist, roughness and other characters on the surface of the yarn to enhance the rendered image. By changing the camera, the image can be observed from different point of view.
Comparing with the simulation result and the picture of the carpet, the 3D image could reflect the pattern just because of the height difference. The 3D simulation of tufted carpet is both feasible and effective, which is better than plane simulation.
本课题以计算机图形学和软件工程知识为理论基础,应用纺织专业知识,对地毯中纱线的三维几何形态进行了深入分析,建立绒圈的三维几何模型,进行光照材质设置,结合地毯空间几何模型和受力模型,实现了圈绒地毯的计算机三维仿真。具体研究内容如下：
纱线模拟：首先从影响纱线的几个主要因素颜色、纱支、捻度、捻向、光照性能等入手,建立纱线受力模型,模拟纱线中心线的轨迹,结合Peirce模型模拟纱线的横向几何特征,得到纱线的建立了纱线的三维模型。结合纱线的基本光照材质参数设置,模拟出纱线的真实光照效果,实现纱线的三维仿真。
绒圈模拟：本文采用简化绒圈为单纱绒圈,细化绒圈表而细节的方法,建立绒圈模型。绒圈在地毯中并不是按照设计图规则排列,绒圈会发生错位、挤压变形、甚至高低圈遮挡。在地毯的整体效果模拟时,必须将这些因素考虑在内。
地毯模拟：在Open Inventor三维图形系统中采用Phong模型建立地毯织物表面纱线的光照模型。根据光源的强度、位置等结合纱线的材质、结构、捻度和纱线在织物中的位置研究织物表面颜色明暗变化规律,并最终模拟地毯织物的外观效果。调整摄像机的位置和方向,可以从不同的角度观察仿真结果。
通过本研究方法模拟的地毯织物外观的3D模拟效果图和实物对比,模拟图能够逼真的模拟地毯中的圈高变化,实现了二维模拟难以实现的仿真效果。
In recent years, fabric designers are unsatisfied with the CAD/CAM system for woven fabric, for it is not able to provide a live image of the appearance of the fabric designed, and the system can only display part of the fabrics with 2D image. Therefore, the software engineers are trying to develop advanced system to provide a vivid 3D image for various woven fabrics; this is the purpose of the research project.
The goal of the research is the modeling and simulation of the geometrical appearance of yarn and tufted carpet in a 3D manner. The knowledge of carpet, theory of computer graphics and object-oriented programming technique is employed, and 3D geometric property of loop pile in the fabric is thoroughly investigated. Loop pile modeling and rendering technique is developed based on the theories of carpet geometry and mechanics. Specific researches are as follows:
The yarn model is focused on some main factors, such as color, count, twist, direction of twist and illumination. The 3D geometry model of yarn is established through yarn stress model, the trajectory of centerline of yarn, combining Peirce model of the transverse geometric features. The basic lightening and material model of yarn is also employed to simulate the illumination of yarn in the physical world.
The loop pile model is established based on the simplified loop pile composing of a single yarn and thinning hair circle surface detail. Loop pile in the carpet won't be evenly arranged regularly as in the design paper; the loop pile may bend, move forward or back ward, move up or down even overlapped between the high and low loop pile. In the overall effect of the carpet simulation, these factors must be taken into consideration.
Phong shading model and Open Inventor are used in the project. Furthermore, texture mapping technology is also used to reflect the twist, roughness and other characters on the surface of the yarn to enhance the rendered image. By changing the camera, the image can be observed from different point of view.
Comparing with the simulation result and the picture of the carpet, the 3D image could reflect the pattern just because of the height difference. The 3D simulation of tufted carpet is both feasible and effective, which is better than plane simulation.
引文
[1]杨青,范秀娟.纱线仿真模型的建立.研究开发,2011,1：33-35
[2]刘欢胜.簇绒地毯技术的发展现状.北京纺织,2002,23(3)：7-10
[3]贾治国,王学俊,汪德潢.织物模拟软件的开发.大连轻工业学院学报,2000,23(4)：9-10
[4]王志东,颜钢锋.织物模拟CAD系统的开发与实现.东华大学学报(自然科学版),2003,30(5)：26-30
[5]韩冲.基于DirectX的地毯花型仿真[D].上海：东华大学,2009.3
[6]童小素,张瑞林,李文书.纱线材质仿真研究.系统仿真学报2006,19(16)：32-35
[7]陈辉,沈毅.关于织物仿真技术的综述.丝绸,2005,20(8)：15-17
[8]Eng J G, Chen S F, Hu J L. A finite-volume method for deformation analysis of woven fabrics. International Kournal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 1999,46(12):2061-2098
[9]胡新荣,崔树芹,高志荣.织物形象化仿真技术的进展.机织、针织,2006,21(15)：32-34
[10]张瑞云,黄新林,李汝勤.机织物的计算机三维模拟.纺织学报,2005,26(1)：62-69
[11]高爱香.CAD技术在现代纺织艺术设计中的应用.西安工程技术学院学报,2002,18(4)：17-20
[12]Philip Felber. Fractal antennas. Illinois Institute of Technology,2000:5-10
[13]Chiristiane Szczesny, Klaus Hardt, Brigitte Scheuffele. Simulation of Fancy Yarns on the Screen. ITB,1997,(2):3-9
[14]Dipl.-lng, Silke Liebscher, Doz. Dr. Ing. Hanskarl hahn. Representation of fabric by the CAD system in the dobby weaving sector with the aid of fuzzy logic. Melliand(English),1995, E108
[15]Keefe M. Solid modelling applied to fibrous assemblies-part Ⅰ: twisted yarns. Text. Inst,1994,85(3):338
[16]Keefe M. Solid modelling applied to fibrous assemblies-part Ⅱ: woven fabric. Text. Inst,1994,85(3):350
[17]施国生,梁道雷.纱线和织物外观模拟图形的统计特性研究.纺织学报,2004,25(2)：39-40
[18]祝双武,韩惠民.基于纱线设计的织物外观仿真方法的研究.计算机应用,2008,1：26-42
[19]李慧,李晓燕.纺织应用软件的开发及其发展前景.棉纺织技术,2003,25(14)：13-18
[20]李辉芹,巩继贤.纺织专用CAD技术与发展方向.天津纺织科技,2006,40(4)：17-20
[21]童小素,张瑞林.花式纱线的计算机仿真.丝绸,2007：30-33
[22]王东峰,郑天勇,崔世忠,王善元.三维单纱的计算机模拟.棉纺织技术,2006,34(6)：349-351
[23]韩冲,孟婥,陈广锋,孙以泽.多圈高簇绒地毯外观的三维仿真.纺织学报,2009,30(9)：127-132
[24]王映辉.3D建模与编程技术.3D建模技术,2004,25(4)：4-8
[25]于伟东,储才元.纺织物理,东华大学出版社
[26]Vanderjeugt Bram, Theobald Matthew, Graham James. Jacquard machine. US. D03C3/36. US2006249219.2006,11,9
[27]郑天勇,崔世忠.纱线计算机建模技术的研究进展与趋势.天津工业大学学报,2006,25(5)：89-96
[28]郑天勇,黄故.机织物中纱线的3D模型的建立.纺织学报,2002,23(2)：41-44
[29]John D Griffith. Tuft feeding mechanism. ZA. D03D. ZA200308828.2004,12,03
[30]Timoshenko SP, Gere JM. Theory of elastic stability[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company,1964
[31]刘延柱.弹性细杆的非线性力学：DNA力学模型的理论基础[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006
[32]Card ROY T, Christman William M JR, Smith Sherman W Ⅱ. Yarn Feed System for Tufting Machines. US. D05C15/16. US2006272564.2006,12,7
[33]Kooji Shibata Takao Noguchi. Yam feed switching device for circular loom. CN. D04B15/58. CN1712598.2005,12,28
[34]Warren Meade, Research Leader. Recent progress in carpet technology. Wool Research Organization of New Zealand.2002
[35]C.-H Yu, S.-Y Chen. Universal colour quantisation for different colour spaces. IEE Proc.-Vis. Image Signal Process.2006,153(4):445-449
[36]Hu Xinrong, Wang Tianzhen, Li Dehua. A new approach of color quantization based on ant colony clustering algorithm. IEEE Computer Society Washington, DC, USA.2005:102-108
[37]Chang Chip-Hong, Xu Pengfei. Frequency sensitive self-organizing maps and its application in color quantization. Circuits and Systems,2004,5:804-807
[38]张永宁,陈东生,葛英颖.纺织花型的计算机自动生成.纺织学报,2005,26(3)：116-117
[39]刘志臻.高低圈簇绒地毯图案电脑设计和控制系统的开发[D].江苏：南京工 业大学,2003.8
[40]Barea Tiziano. Method and device for the constant-tension feed and take-up of a yarn fed to a textile machine. US. D04B15/48. US2005224619.2005,10,13
[41]孟鑫,张桦.Open Inventor开发的关键技术与应用.天津理工大学学报,2005,21(1)：69-72
[42]张瑞林,王文正,郭炜杰.一种改进的织物外观真实感模拟高效算法.纺织学报,2009,30(5)：126-129
[43]祝双武,高婵娟,王彦欣.织物仿真技术与CAD系统的开发.棉纺织技术,2004,32(5)：281-284
[44]童小素,张瑞林,李文书.织物外观仿真模拟方法的比较.纺织学报,2006,27(8)：104-108
[45]刘波,李光.基于OpenGL的系统仿真模型的建立.电力科学与工程,2007,23(4)：69-71
[46]郑天勇,崔世忠.用B样条曲线构建纱线三维模型的研究(Ⅰ)：具有不同截面的三维纱线模型的构造.纺织学报,2006,27(2)：53-57
[47]安树志,张桦.基于Open Inventor的虚拟场景实现.天津理工大学学报,2009,25(1)：56-58
[2]刘欢胜.簇绒地毯技术的发展现状.北京纺织,2002,23(3)：7-10
[3]贾治国,王学俊,汪德潢.织物模拟软件的开发.大连轻工业学院学报,2000,23(4)：9-10
[4]王志东,颜钢锋.织物模拟CAD系统的开发与实现.东华大学学报(自然科学版),2003,30(5)：26-30
[5]韩冲.基于DirectX的地毯花型仿真[D].上海：东华大学,2009.3
[6]童小素,张瑞林,李文书.纱线材质仿真研究.系统仿真学报2006,19(16)：32-35
[7]陈辉,沈毅.关于织物仿真技术的综述.丝绸,2005,20(8)：15-17
[8]Eng J G, Chen S F, Hu J L. A finite-volume method for deformation analysis of woven fabrics. International Kournal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 1999,46(12):2061-2098
[9]胡新荣,崔树芹,高志荣.织物形象化仿真技术的进展.机织、针织,2006,21(15)：32-34
[10]张瑞云,黄新林,李汝勤.机织物的计算机三维模拟.纺织学报,2005,26(1)：62-69
[11]高爱香.CAD技术在现代纺织艺术设计中的应用.西安工程技术学院学报,2002,18(4)：17-20
[12]Philip Felber. Fractal antennas. Illinois Institute of Technology,2000:5-10
[13]Chiristiane Szczesny, Klaus Hardt, Brigitte Scheuffele. Simulation of Fancy Yarns on the Screen. ITB,1997,(2):3-9
[14]Dipl.-lng, Silke Liebscher, Doz. Dr. Ing. Hanskarl hahn. Representation of fabric by the CAD system in the dobby weaving sector with the aid of fuzzy logic. Melliand(English),1995, E108
[15]Keefe M. Solid modelling applied to fibrous assemblies-part Ⅰ: twisted yarns. Text. Inst,1994,85(3):338
[16]Keefe M. Solid modelling applied to fibrous assemblies-part Ⅱ: woven fabric. Text. Inst,1994,85(3):350
[17]施国生,梁道雷.纱线和织物外观模拟图形的统计特性研究.纺织学报,2004,25(2)：39-40
[18]祝双武,韩惠民.基于纱线设计的织物外观仿真方法的研究.计算机应用,2008,1：26-42
[19]李慧,李晓燕.纺织应用软件的开发及其发展前景.棉纺织技术,2003,25(14)：13-18
[20]李辉芹,巩继贤.纺织专用CAD技术与发展方向.天津纺织科技,2006,40(4)：17-20
[21]童小素,张瑞林.花式纱线的计算机仿真.丝绸,2007：30-33
[22]王东峰,郑天勇,崔世忠,王善元.三维单纱的计算机模拟.棉纺织技术,2006,34(6)：349-351
[23]韩冲,孟婥,陈广锋,孙以泽.多圈高簇绒地毯外观的三维仿真.纺织学报,2009,30(9)：127-132
[24]王映辉.3D建模与编程技术.3D建模技术,2004,25(4)：4-8
[25]于伟东,储才元.纺织物理,东华大学出版社
[26]Vanderjeugt Bram, Theobald Matthew, Graham James. Jacquard machine. US. D03C3/36. US2006249219.2006,11,9
[27]郑天勇,崔世忠.纱线计算机建模技术的研究进展与趋势.天津工业大学学报,2006,25(5)：89-96
[28]郑天勇,黄故.机织物中纱线的3D模型的建立.纺织学报,2002,23(2)：41-44
[29]John D Griffith. Tuft feeding mechanism. ZA. D03D. ZA200308828.2004,12,03
[30]Timoshenko SP, Gere JM. Theory of elastic stability[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company,1964
[31]刘延柱.弹性细杆的非线性力学：DNA力学模型的理论基础[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006
[32]Card ROY T, Christman William M JR, Smith Sherman W Ⅱ. Yarn Feed System for Tufting Machines. US. D05C15/16. US2006272564.2006,12,7
[33]Kooji Shibata Takao Noguchi. Yam feed switching device for circular loom. CN. D04B15/58. CN1712598.2005,12,28
[34]Warren Meade, Research Leader. Recent progress in carpet technology. Wool Research Organization of New Zealand.2002
[35]C.-H Yu, S.-Y Chen. Universal colour quantisation for different colour spaces. IEE Proc.-Vis. Image Signal Process.2006,153(4):445-449
[36]Hu Xinrong, Wang Tianzhen, Li Dehua. A new approach of color quantization based on ant colony clustering algorithm. IEEE Computer Society Washington, DC, USA.2005:102-108
[37]Chang Chip-Hong, Xu Pengfei. Frequency sensitive self-organizing maps and its application in color quantization. Circuits and Systems,2004,5:804-807
[38]张永宁,陈东生,葛英颖.纺织花型的计算机自动生成.纺织学报,2005,26(3)：116-117
[39]刘志臻.高低圈簇绒地毯图案电脑设计和控制系统的开发[D].江苏：南京工 业大学,2003.8
[40]Barea Tiziano. Method and device for the constant-tension feed and take-up of a yarn fed to a textile machine. US. D04B15/48. US2005224619.2005,10,13
[41]孟鑫,张桦.Open Inventor开发的关键技术与应用.天津理工大学学报,2005,21(1)：69-72
[42]张瑞林,王文正,郭炜杰.一种改进的织物外观真实感模拟高效算法.纺织学报,2009,30(5)：126-129
[43]祝双武,高婵娟,王彦欣.织物仿真技术与CAD系统的开发.棉纺织技术,2004,32(5)：281-284
[44]童小素,张瑞林,李文书.织物外观仿真模拟方法的比较.纺织学报,2006,27(8)：104-108
[45]刘波,李光.基于OpenGL的系统仿真模型的建立.电力科学与工程,2007,23(4)：69-71
[46]郑天勇,崔世忠.用B样条曲线构建纱线三维模型的研究(Ⅰ)：具有不同截面的三维纱线模型的构造.纺织学报,2006,27(2)：53-57
[47]安树志,张桦.基于Open Inventor的虚拟场景实现.天津理工大学学报,2009,25(1)：56-58