尘埃粒子计数器光电传感器信号熵特性研究
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摘要
信息论是在长期的通信工程的实践中,与概率论、随机过程和数理统计这些数学学科相结合而逐步发展起来的一门新兴科学。随着信息概念的不断深化,它在科学技术上的重要性早已超越了狭义的通信工程的范畴,在许多领域中日益受到科学工作者的重视。
首先,本文用信息论的方法分析传感器系统。论述了测量系统的组成部分(待测对象、测量过程以及测量结果)具有不确定性,这种不确定性反映出测量系统具有信息的特性,总结出测量系统的信息熵。根据测量系统的信息熵,具体分析尘埃粒子技术光电传感器系统所具有的信息的特性,逐步建立了尘埃粒子计数测量过程的信息熵模型,并且分析了噪声熵、损失熵等各种熵的物理意义。
其次,通过对颗粒物单粒子光散射幅度分布信息熵的研究,分析获取传感器系统测量过程的信息的不同方法。通过颗粒物单散射信号幅度计数分布的测量实验,反演尘埃粒子计数器测量信号幅度分布的信息熵,通过测量误差与信息熵之间的关系,选取划分通道数的优化方式。
In the long-term telecommunications projects in practice, Information Theory, combined with Probability Theory, Random Process of Mathematics and Statistics, is an emerging science developed gradually. With the continuous deepening of the concept of information, it has been far beyond the narrow scope of the telecommunications projects. In many areas, science workers pay more and more attention on it.
First, this paper uses information theory to analyze measurement system. According to the components of the measurement system (object under test, measurement results and measuring process) is uncertainty; this uncertainty reflects the measurement system with the characteristics of information. Then, this article descripts the measurement system in entropy. According to the information entropy of the measurement system, this paper specifically analyzes the information characteristics of photoelectric sensor system in the optical particles counter, and gradually establishes an entropy model of optical particle count measurement process.
Secondly, according to the information entropy of the signal range probability distribution, this paper analyzes two different ways to partition counting channels. Also this paper calculates the information entropy of the signal range probability distribution. Considering the relationship between precision in the measuring and the information entropy, it helps optimizing the selection of channels.
首先,本文用信息论的方法分析传感器系统。论述了测量系统的组成部分(待测对象、测量过程以及测量结果)具有不确定性,这种不确定性反映出测量系统具有信息的特性,总结出测量系统的信息熵。根据测量系统的信息熵,具体分析尘埃粒子技术光电传感器系统所具有的信息的特性,逐步建立了尘埃粒子计数测量过程的信息熵模型,并且分析了噪声熵、损失熵等各种熵的物理意义。
其次,通过对颗粒物单粒子光散射幅度分布信息熵的研究,分析获取传感器系统测量过程的信息的不同方法。通过颗粒物单散射信号幅度计数分布的测量实验,反演尘埃粒子计数器测量信号幅度分布的信息熵,通过测量误差与信息熵之间的关系,选取划分通道数的优化方式。
In the long-term telecommunications projects in practice, Information Theory, combined with Probability Theory, Random Process of Mathematics and Statistics, is an emerging science developed gradually. With the continuous deepening of the concept of information, it has been far beyond the narrow scope of the telecommunications projects. In many areas, science workers pay more and more attention on it.
First, this paper uses information theory to analyze measurement system. According to the components of the measurement system (object under test, measurement results and measuring process) is uncertainty; this uncertainty reflects the measurement system with the characteristics of information. Then, this article descripts the measurement system in entropy. According to the information entropy of the measurement system, this paper specifically analyzes the information characteristics of photoelectric sensor system in the optical particles counter, and gradually establishes an entropy model of optical particle count measurement process.
Secondly, according to the information entropy of the signal range probability distribution, this paper analyzes two different ways to partition counting channels. Also this paper calculates the information entropy of the signal range probability distribution. Considering the relationship between precision in the measuring and the information entropy, it helps optimizing the selection of channels.
引文
[1]黄惠杰等.光学粉尘浓度测量仪响应特性曲线的计算与分析.光学仪器,1999,21(6):31.35.
[2]Michael B,Carmen A,Teresa I F,et al.Air pollution and retained particles in the lung [J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2001,109(10):1039-1043.
[3]Tuch TH,Brand P,Wichmann H E,et al.Variation of particle number and mass concentration in various size ranges of ambient aerosols in eastern Germany[J].Atmospheric Environment,1997,31(24):4193-4197.
[4]Therese,F.M.,Gary,A.N.,Jane,Q.K.& Timothy,V.L..Associations between air pollution and mortality in Phoenix,1995-1997.Environmental Health Perspectives,2000,108:347-353.
[5]Vedal,S.Ambient particles and health:lines that divide.Journal of the air and waste management association,1997,47:551-581.
[6]张大年.城市大气可吸入颗粒物的研究.上海环境科学,1999,18(4):154-157.
[7]Chan Y C,Simpson R W,Mctainsh G H,et al.Characterisation of chemical species in PM_2.5 and PM_10 aerosols in Brisbane,Australia[J].Atmospheric Environment,1997,31(22):3773-3785.
[8]梁春雷,黄惠杰等.激光尘埃悬浮颗粒物浓度测量仪微型光学传感器的研究.光学学报,2005,25(9):1260-1264.
[9]范利民.光散射颗粒测量理论、应用及数据处理方法的研究(硕士学位论文)。上海理工大学,2000.
[10]陈卫等.超细粉体粒度测量技术现状和新方法的探索.重庆大学学报(自然科学版),1997,20(3):74-78.
[11]许德毓,蔡小舒.激光散射法测量TSP和MP10的最佳采光角及立体角的研究.上海理工大学学报,2001,23(1):57-60.
[12]许德毓.空气中悬浮颗粒物的光散射测量技术及装置的研究(硕士学位论文).上海理工大学,1999.
[13]孙昕.基于Mie散射理论测量微小球粒粒径的数值模拟及实验研究(硕士学位论文).天津大学,2004.
[14]王清华.光散射法颗粒大小与形状分析(博士学位论文).南京工业大学,2003
[15]阎逢旗,胡欢陵,虞统.用光学悬浮颗粒物浓度测量仪测颗粒物质量浓度和能见度.量子电子学报,2004,21(1):98-102.
[16]刘学艳.室内环境中的大气悬浮颗粒物粒度分布的预测模拟研究(硕士学位论文)。湖南大学,2005。
[17]Helger,H.,Axel,B.,Bostjan,G.,Silke,S.,Hans,P.,Michael,K.& Othmar,P.On the equivalence of gravimetric PM data with TEOM and beta-attenuation measurements.Journal of Aerosol Science,2004,35:1135-1149.
[18]Olin,J.G.& Sem,G.J.Piezoelectric microbalance for monitoring the mass concentration of suspended particles.Atmospheric Environment,1971,5:653-668.
[19]Morawska,L.,Johnson,G.,Ristovski,Z.D.& Agranovski,V.Relation between particle mass and number for submicrometer airborne particles.Atmospheric Environment,1999,33:1983-1990.
[20]Soutar,A.,Watt,M.,W.Cherrie J.& Seaton,A.Comparison between a personal PM_10sampling head and the tapered element oscillating microbalance(TEOM)system,Atmospheric Environment,1999,33:4373-4377.
[21]Gorner,P.,Bemer,D.& Fabries,F.Photometer measurement of polydisperse aerosols.Journal of Aerosol Science,1995,26:1281-1302.
[22]Alexander,G.,Stanislav,S.& Miroslav,D.Algorithm of nonrespirable dust fraction suppression using an optical transducer of dust mass concentration.IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,1998,47:1228-1233.
[23]Constantinos S.,Seongheon K.,Mingchih C.,Lester L.T.& Henry G.J.Field evaluation of a modified DataRAM MIE scattering monitor for real-time PM_2.5 mass concentration measurements.Atmospheric Environment,2000,34:4829-4838.
[24]杨书申,邵龙义等.大气颗粒物浓度检测技术及其发展.北京工业职业技术学院学报,2005,4(1):36-39.
[25]Chueinta,W.& Hopke,P.K.Beta gauge for aerosol mass measurement,Aerosol Science and Technology,2001,35:840-843.
[26]Wladyslaw W.S.Aerosol concentration measurement with multiple light scattering system and laser aerosol spectrometer.Atmospheric Research,2002,62:255-265.
[27]叶茂.两相流颗粒粒径分布及浓度的光散射在线测量方法研究(博士学位论文).东南大学,2000.
[28]任俊,沈健,卢寿.颗粒分散科学与技术.化学工业出版社,2005.
[29]王乃宁等.颗粒粒径的光学测量技术及应用.原子出版社,2000.
[30]邹丽新,季晶晶,朱桂荣,汤荣生.空气悬浮颗粒物粒径分布及质量浓度一体化测量系统的研制.传感技术学报.Aug.2007:Vol.20 No.8
[31]丁强.基于散射光信号分形的亚微米及纳米颗粒测量技术研究(硕士学位论文). 山东理工大学,2007
[32]Osamu A,Kenji K,Takeshi S,et al.Aeolian dust transportation on fine days over the slopes in mountainous areas around the taklimakan desert,China[J].Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan,2005,83A:19-30.
[33]石峰,莫忠息.信息论基础(第二版).武汉大学出版社,2006。
[34](美)杰里米·里夫金,特德·霍华德著,吕明,袁舟译。熵:一种新的世界观.上海译文出版社,1987。
[35]秦允豪.热学.北京:高等教育出版社.1999.9(2000 重印)
[36]赵凯华,罗蔚茵.热学.北京:高等教育出版社1988(1999 重印)
[37]傅祖芸.信息论-基础理论与应用。北京:电子工业出版社.2001.8
[38]史玉峰,史文中,靳奉祥.熵及其在空间数据不确定性研究中的应用.计算机工程.2005,31:36
[39]郑刚,孙浩,黄廷磊,虞先煌.颗粒浓度在线监测的双波长消光法.仪器仪表学报,2000,21(5):533-535.
[40]Preining O.Information theory applied to the acquisition of size distributions.Aerosol Science,1972,3:289-296.
[41]McAfee R.J.and Nettleship I.,The application of information entropy to the estimation Of three-dimensional grain or particle size distributions from materialograohic sections.Scripta Materialia,2005,52:1281-1285.
[42]成晓北,黄荣华,朱梅林.信息熵在喷雾液滴尺寸分布计算中的应用.华中科技大学学报,2002,30(7):30-32.
[43]Xianguo L.Richard S.T.,Bernard S.and Jean-Michel M.,Derivation of droplet size distribution in sprays by using information theory.Combustion Science and Technology,1988,60:345-357.
[44]杨玲,程晓飞,卞保民,贺安之.尘埃粒子光散射信号传输特性的研究.光电子激光.2000,Vol.11 No.189-91
[45]顾芳,杨娟,王春勇,卞保民,贺安之。基于等效球形颗粒数的颗粒物质量浓度算法.光电子激光.2008,1:Vol.19 No.1
[46]Thomas A.and Gebhart J.,Correlations between gravimetry and light scattering photometry for atmospheric aerosols.Atmospheric Environment,1994,28(5):935-938.
[47]Day D.E.,Malm W.C.and Kreidenweis S.M.,Aerosol light scattering measurements as a function of relative humidity.J.Air Waste Manage.Assoc.2000,50:710-716.
[48]Gurumurthy R.,John L.A.,Gregory C.P.and Ken S.,Characterizing Indoor and Outdoor 15 Minute Average PM2.5 Concentrations in Urban Neighborhoods.Aerosol Science and Technology,2003,37:33-45.
[49]WS/T206-2001公共场所空气中可吸入颗粒物(PM10)测定方法--光散射法,2002.
[50]章玲,陈光(衤禹),吕文.测量数据的信息熵与测量误差熵研究.电子科技大学学报,2007,Vol.36 No.5
[2]Michael B,Carmen A,Teresa I F,et al.Air pollution and retained particles in the lung [J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2001,109(10):1039-1043.
[3]Tuch TH,Brand P,Wichmann H E,et al.Variation of particle number and mass concentration in various size ranges of ambient aerosols in eastern Germany[J].Atmospheric Environment,1997,31(24):4193-4197.
[4]Therese,F.M.,Gary,A.N.,Jane,Q.K.& Timothy,V.L..Associations between air pollution and mortality in Phoenix,1995-1997.Environmental Health Perspectives,2000,108:347-353.
[5]Vedal,S.Ambient particles and health:lines that divide.Journal of the air and waste management association,1997,47:551-581.
[6]张大年.城市大气可吸入颗粒物的研究.上海环境科学,1999,18(4):154-157.
[7]Chan Y C,Simpson R W,Mctainsh G H,et al.Characterisation of chemical species in PM_2.5 and PM_10 aerosols in Brisbane,Australia[J].Atmospheric Environment,1997,31(22):3773-3785.
[8]梁春雷,黄惠杰等.激光尘埃悬浮颗粒物浓度测量仪微型光学传感器的研究.光学学报,2005,25(9):1260-1264.
[9]范利民.光散射颗粒测量理论、应用及数据处理方法的研究(硕士学位论文)。上海理工大学,2000.
[10]陈卫等.超细粉体粒度测量技术现状和新方法的探索.重庆大学学报(自然科学版),1997,20(3):74-78.
[11]许德毓,蔡小舒.激光散射法测量TSP和MP10的最佳采光角及立体角的研究.上海理工大学学报,2001,23(1):57-60.
[12]许德毓.空气中悬浮颗粒物的光散射测量技术及装置的研究(硕士学位论文).上海理工大学,1999.
[13]孙昕.基于Mie散射理论测量微小球粒粒径的数值模拟及实验研究(硕士学位论文).天津大学,2004.
[14]王清华.光散射法颗粒大小与形状分析(博士学位论文).南京工业大学,2003
[15]阎逢旗,胡欢陵,虞统.用光学悬浮颗粒物浓度测量仪测颗粒物质量浓度和能见度.量子电子学报,2004,21(1):98-102.
[16]刘学艳.室内环境中的大气悬浮颗粒物粒度分布的预测模拟研究(硕士学位论文)。湖南大学,2005。
[17]Helger,H.,Axel,B.,Bostjan,G.,Silke,S.,Hans,P.,Michael,K.& Othmar,P.On the equivalence of gravimetric PM data with TEOM and beta-attenuation measurements.Journal of Aerosol Science,2004,35:1135-1149.
[18]Olin,J.G.& Sem,G.J.Piezoelectric microbalance for monitoring the mass concentration of suspended particles.Atmospheric Environment,1971,5:653-668.
[19]Morawska,L.,Johnson,G.,Ristovski,Z.D.& Agranovski,V.Relation between particle mass and number for submicrometer airborne particles.Atmospheric Environment,1999,33:1983-1990.
[20]Soutar,A.,Watt,M.,W.Cherrie J.& Seaton,A.Comparison between a personal PM_10sampling head and the tapered element oscillating microbalance(TEOM)system,Atmospheric Environment,1999,33:4373-4377.
[21]Gorner,P.,Bemer,D.& Fabries,F.Photometer measurement of polydisperse aerosols.Journal of Aerosol Science,1995,26:1281-1302.
[22]Alexander,G.,Stanislav,S.& Miroslav,D.Algorithm of nonrespirable dust fraction suppression using an optical transducer of dust mass concentration.IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,1998,47:1228-1233.
[23]Constantinos S.,Seongheon K.,Mingchih C.,Lester L.T.& Henry G.J.Field evaluation of a modified DataRAM MIE scattering monitor for real-time PM_2.5 mass concentration measurements.Atmospheric Environment,2000,34:4829-4838.
[24]杨书申,邵龙义等.大气颗粒物浓度检测技术及其发展.北京工业职业技术学院学报,2005,4(1):36-39.
[25]Chueinta,W.& Hopke,P.K.Beta gauge for aerosol mass measurement,Aerosol Science and Technology,2001,35:840-843.
[26]Wladyslaw W.S.Aerosol concentration measurement with multiple light scattering system and laser aerosol spectrometer.Atmospheric Research,2002,62:255-265.
[27]叶茂.两相流颗粒粒径分布及浓度的光散射在线测量方法研究(博士学位论文).东南大学,2000.
[28]任俊,沈健,卢寿.颗粒分散科学与技术.化学工业出版社,2005.
[29]王乃宁等.颗粒粒径的光学测量技术及应用.原子出版社,2000.
[30]邹丽新,季晶晶,朱桂荣,汤荣生.空气悬浮颗粒物粒径分布及质量浓度一体化测量系统的研制.传感技术学报.Aug.2007:Vol.20 No.8
[31]丁强.基于散射光信号分形的亚微米及纳米颗粒测量技术研究(硕士学位论文). 山东理工大学,2007
[32]Osamu A,Kenji K,Takeshi S,et al.Aeolian dust transportation on fine days over the slopes in mountainous areas around the taklimakan desert,China[J].Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan,2005,83A:19-30.
[33]石峰,莫忠息.信息论基础(第二版).武汉大学出版社,2006。
[34](美)杰里米·里夫金,特德·霍华德著,吕明,袁舟译。熵:一种新的世界观.上海译文出版社,1987。
[35]秦允豪.热学.北京:高等教育出版社.1999.9(2000 重印)
[36]赵凯华,罗蔚茵.热学.北京:高等教育出版社1988(1999 重印)
[37]傅祖芸.信息论-基础理论与应用。北京:电子工业出版社.2001.8
[38]史玉峰,史文中,靳奉祥.熵及其在空间数据不确定性研究中的应用.计算机工程.2005,31:36
[39]郑刚,孙浩,黄廷磊,虞先煌.颗粒浓度在线监测的双波长消光法.仪器仪表学报,2000,21(5):533-535.
[40]Preining O.Information theory applied to the acquisition of size distributions.Aerosol Science,1972,3:289-296.
[41]McAfee R.J.and Nettleship I.,The application of information entropy to the estimation Of three-dimensional grain or particle size distributions from materialograohic sections.Scripta Materialia,2005,52:1281-1285.
[42]成晓北,黄荣华,朱梅林.信息熵在喷雾液滴尺寸分布计算中的应用.华中科技大学学报,2002,30(7):30-32.
[43]Xianguo L.Richard S.T.,Bernard S.and Jean-Michel M.,Derivation of droplet size distribution in sprays by using information theory.Combustion Science and Technology,1988,60:345-357.
[44]杨玲,程晓飞,卞保民,贺安之.尘埃粒子光散射信号传输特性的研究.光电子激光.2000,Vol.11 No.189-91
[45]顾芳,杨娟,王春勇,卞保民,贺安之。基于等效球形颗粒数的颗粒物质量浓度算法.光电子激光.2008,1:Vol.19 No.1
[46]Thomas A.and Gebhart J.,Correlations between gravimetry and light scattering photometry for atmospheric aerosols.Atmospheric Environment,1994,28(5):935-938.
[47]Day D.E.,Malm W.C.and Kreidenweis S.M.,Aerosol light scattering measurements as a function of relative humidity.J.Air Waste Manage.Assoc.2000,50:710-716.
[48]Gurumurthy R.,John L.A.,Gregory C.P.and Ken S.,Characterizing Indoor and Outdoor 15 Minute Average PM2.5 Concentrations in Urban Neighborhoods.Aerosol Science and Technology,2003,37:33-45.
[49]WS/T206-2001公共场所空气中可吸入颗粒物(PM10)测定方法--光散射法,2002.
[50]章玲,陈光(衤禹),吕文.测量数据的信息熵与测量误差熵研究.电子科技大学学报,2007,Vol.36 No.5