γ噪Blazar天体的特性研究
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摘要
活动星系核(Active Galactic Nucleus)是现代天体物理学研究的重大前沿课题，涉及到天体物理学中最基本的问题。活动星系核的研究在能量产生、辐射机制和宇宙论等基本问题的研究中占有重要的地位。在活动星系核中，Blazar天体是具有极端性质的一类，它以大幅快速光变、高且变化的偏振、射电核主导、视超光速运动、全波段非热辐射为主要特征。正因为如此，国际上越来越多的力量投入到这一领域的理论和观测研究中。
本文概述了活动星系核的定义，特征和分类，并介绍了活动星系核的统一模型。特别是对Blazar天体的研究现状，Blazar天体的多波段观测与多波段能谱特性研究进行了较为详细的评述。本文还系统地阐述了Blazar天体的观测特征及其辐射机制和理论模型。并利用收集到的66个γ噪Blazar天体(其中包括19个BL Lac天体和47个平谱射电类星体)的基本观测数据和这些源的多波段观测数据，研究了红移以及各波段流量密度的分布。本文还对这66个γ噪Blazar天体各波段流量密度(射电波段、近红外波段、光学波段、X射线波段和γ射线波段)和红移的相关性以及在高态和低态时不同波段流量密度之间可能存在的相互关系进行了研究。
Active Galactic Nucleus (AGNs) have been an important branch and one of the most active frontiers in the field of modern astrophysics. It is related to the most fundamental problems in astrophysics .The study of AGNs play an important role in the study of the origin of energy, radiation mechanism and cosmology. Blazars are one of the most extreme classes of active galactic nucleus, with high luminosity, large amplitude and rapid variability, high and variable polarization, radio core-dominance, and apparent superluminal speeds. Their broad band emission extends from radio up to γ-ray band, and is dominated by non-thermal process. Therefore, many people devote themselves to the theoretical and observational studies in this field.
In the thesis, we summarize the defined character and classification of active galaxies nucleus (AGNs), present unified schemes of AGNs. Especially, we focus on the multiwavebands observations, the properties of multiwavebands spectral energy distributions (SEDs), the radiation mechanism and the theoretical radiation model of Blazar .Using collected 66 gamma-ray-loud blazars from the most recent EGRET data base (19 BL Lac objects and 47 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs)) with observed data in multiwavebands, we investigate the distribution of redshift and flux densities for different wavebands. Finally, we studied the possible correlations of flux densities for different (radio, near-infrared, optical, X -ray and gamma-ray) wavebands in low and high state.
本文概述了活动星系核的定义，特征和分类，并介绍了活动星系核的统一模型。特别是对Blazar天体的研究现状，Blazar天体的多波段观测与多波段能谱特性研究进行了较为详细的评述。本文还系统地阐述了Blazar天体的观测特征及其辐射机制和理论模型。并利用收集到的66个γ噪Blazar天体(其中包括19个BL Lac天体和47个平谱射电类星体)的基本观测数据和这些源的多波段观测数据，研究了红移以及各波段流量密度的分布。本文还对这66个γ噪Blazar天体各波段流量密度(射电波段、近红外波段、光学波段、X射线波段和γ射线波段)和红移的相关性以及在高态和低态时不同波段流量密度之间可能存在的相互关系进行了研究。
Active Galactic Nucleus (AGNs) have been an important branch and one of the most active frontiers in the field of modern astrophysics. It is related to the most fundamental problems in astrophysics .The study of AGNs play an important role in the study of the origin of energy, radiation mechanism and cosmology. Blazars are one of the most extreme classes of active galactic nucleus, with high luminosity, large amplitude and rapid variability, high and variable polarization, radio core-dominance, and apparent superluminal speeds. Their broad band emission extends from radio up to γ-ray band, and is dominated by non-thermal process. Therefore, many people devote themselves to the theoretical and observational studies in this field.
In the thesis, we summarize the defined character and classification of active galaxies nucleus (AGNs), present unified schemes of AGNs. Especially, we focus on the multiwavebands observations, the properties of multiwavebands spectral energy distributions (SEDs), the radiation mechanism and the theoretical radiation model of Blazar .Using collected 66 gamma-ray-loud blazars from the most recent EGRET data base (19 BL Lac objects and 47 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs)) with observed data in multiwavebands, we investigate the distribution of redshift and flux densities for different wavebands. Finally, we studied the possible correlations of flux densities for different (radio, near-infrared, optical, X -ray and gamma-ray) wavebands in low and high state.
引文
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[3] 何香涛，90年代天体物理学[M]，北京，高等教育出版社，1996，534
[4] 谢光中，刘碧芳，90年代天体物理学[M]，北京，高等教育出版社，1996，574
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[2] 周又元，袋和俊，王挺贵，90年代天体物理学[M]，北京，高等教育出版社，1996，471
[3] 何香涛，90年代天体物理学[M]，北京，高等教育出版社，1996，534
[4] 谢光中，刘碧芳，90年代天体物理学[M]，北京，高等教育出版社，1996，574
[5] Urry, C. Megan., Padovani, Paolo., Unified Schemes for Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei[J], 1995, PASP, 107:803
[6] Angel, J. R.P., Stockman, H.S., Optical and infrared polarization of active extragalactic objects [J], 1980, ARA&A, 18:321
[7] Fossati, G, Ph.D. Thesis, 1998, SISSA
[8] Ghisellini, G., Maraschi, L., Treves, A., Tanzi, E. G., Spectral properties of Blazars. Ⅰ- Objects observed in the far-ultraviolet. Ⅱ- an x -ray observed sample[J], 1986, ApJ, 310:317
[9] Jannuzi, B. T., Smith, P. S., Elston, R., The optical polarization properties of x-ray-selected BL Lacertae objects[J], 1994, ApJ, 428:130
[10] Urry, C. M., Multiwavelength properties of blazars[J], 1998, AdSpR, 21:89
[11] Padovani, P., Giommi, P., The connection between x-ray- and radio-selected BL Lacertae objects[J], 1995, ApJ, 444:567
[12] Sambrtma, R.M., Maraschi, L., Urry, C.M., On the Spectral Energy Distributions of Blazars[J], 1996, ApJ, 463:444
[13] Fossati, G.., Maraschi, L., Celotti, A., Comastri, A., Ghisellini, G., A unifying view of the spectral energy distributions of blazars[J], 1998, MNRAS, 299:433
[14] Blandford, R. D., Rees, M.J.,in Pittsburgh Conf. On BL Lac Objects, ed, A.M. wolfe (Pittsburgh: Univ.Pittsburgh Press), 1978, 328
[15] Blandford, R.D., Rees, M.J., Extended and compact extragalactic radio sources Interpretation and theory[J], 1978, Phys, 17:265
[16] Galsser, T.K.,Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics[M],Cambridge University Press, 1900
[17] Protheroe,R.J., Origin and propagation of the highest energy cosmic rays[J],1996, astro.ph., 12212P[18] Blandford,G.R.,& Eichler, D.,Phys,Rep., 1987,154:1
[19] Rybieki,G.B.,&Lightman,A.P.,Radiative Processes in Astrophysics[M],Wiley, New York, 1979
[20] Rephaeli,Y., Relativistic electrons in the intraeluster space of clusters of galaxies - The hard x -ray spectra and heating of the gas[J], 1979, ApJ, 227:364
[21] Kataoka, J., Ph.D.Thesis, University of Tokyo, 1999
[22] 尤俊汉，天体物理中的辐射机制(第二版)[M]，北京，科学出版社，1998，147
[23] Blumenthol and Gould, Bremsstrahlung, Synchrotron Radiation, and Compton Scattering of High-Energy Electrons Traversing Dilute Gases [J], 1970, Rev. Mod. Phys, 42:237
[24] Lynden-Bell, D., Galactic Nuclei as Collapsed Old Quasars[J], Nature 223:690
[25] Blandford,R.D., 1984,In:Ffanti R, Kellermon K,L.,ed, LAV Syrup Mo. 110, 215
[26] Liu B.F., Ru.w.,xie G.Z.,&Lu J.F.,et al.,The S-shaped limit cycle of accretion disk and quasi-periodic variation of BL Lac object ON231 [J], 1990, AP&SS, 173:101
[27] Blandford, R.D., Rees, M.J., Extended and compact extragalactic radio sources Interpretation and theory[J], 1978, Phys, 17:265
[28] 李启斌，李宗伟，汲培文，90年代天体物理学[M]，北京，高等教育出版社，599
[29] Pearson, T. J., Zensus, J. A., In Superluminal Radio Source. ed. J. A. Zensus, T. J. Pearson, 1987, (Combridge Univ. Press, Combfidge), 1
[30] Mei, D. C.; Xie, G. Z.; Qin, Y. P.; Bai, J. M.; Cheng, L. E., Doppler-Boosting Effect on the Fluxes of Active Galactic Nuclei[J], 1999, PASP, 51:579
[31] Kellermann,K.I.and Pauliny-Toth,I.I.K.,The Spectra of Opaque Radio Sources[J], 1969, Ap.J.lett., 155:L71
[32] Hartman, R. C., Botteher, M., Aldering, G. et al., Multiepoeh Multiwavelength Spectra and Models for Blazar 3C 279[J], 2001, APJ, 553:683
[33] Jones, T. W.,O'dell, S. L., Stein, W.A.,Physics of Compact Nonthermal Sources. Theory of Radiation Processes[J], 1974, ApJ, 188:353
[34] Marscher, A.P., Gear, W.K., Models for high-frequency radio outbursts in extragalactic sources, with application to the early 1983 millimeter-to-infrared flare of 3C 273[J], 1985, ApJ, 298:114
[35] Maraschi, L., Ghisellini, G., Celotti, A., A jet model for the gamma-ray emitting Blazar 3C??279[J], 1992, ApJ, 397:L5
[36] Bloom, S. D., Marscher, A. P., An Analysis of the Synchrotron Self-Compton Model for the Multi-Wave Band Spectra of Blazars[J], 1996, ApJ, 461:657
[37] Inoue, Susumu.,Takahara, Fumio.,Electron Acceleration and Gamma-Ray Emission from Blazars[J], 1996, ApJ, 463:555
[38] Mastichiadis, A.,Kirk, J.G.,Variability in the synchrotron self-Compton model of blazar emission[J], 1997, A&A, 320:19
[39] Chiaberge, Marco., Ghisellini, Gabriele., Rapid variability in the synchrotron self-Compton model for blazars[J], 1999, MNRAS, 306:551
[40] Sambruna, R.M., Maraschi, L., Urry, C.M., On the Spectral Energy Distributions of Blazars[J], 1996, ApJ, 463:444
[41] Chiaberge, M., Ghisellini, G, Rapid variability in the synchrotron self-Compton model for blazars[J], 1996, MNRAS, 306:551
[42] Ghisellini, G, Maraschi, L., Treves, A., Inhomogeneous synchrotron-self-Compton models and the problem of relativistic beaming ofBL Lac objects[J], 1985, A&A, 146:204
[43] Marscher, A.P., Gear, W.K., Models for high-frequency radio outbursts in extragalactic sources, with application to the early 1953 millimeter-to-infrared flare of 3C 273[J], 1983, ApJ, 298:114
[44] Celotti, A., Maraschi, L., Treves, A., A model for the spectral variability of BL Lacertae objects at high frequencies[J], 1991, ApJ, 377:403
[45] Marscher, A. P., Travis, J.P., Synchrotron self-Compton interpretation of multiwaveband observations of gamma-ray bright blazars[J], 1996, A&AS, 120:537
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