浙江省生态公益林主要林分类型土壤可蚀性研究
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摘要
在野外实测和室内分析的基础上,对浙江省公益林生态定位站中的桐庐和开化两站不同林分类型土壤可蚀性进行研究。将研究区土壤水土保持功能指标体系分为三个层次:微观的属性指标(容重、pH值、机械组成、有机质含量等)、中观的指示指标(抗冲刷系数、土壤入渗速率、土壤崩解速率、土壤抗剪强度)、宏观的综合指标(可蚀性K值)。运用多种分析方法对各层次指标之间的关系进行系统研究,结果如下:
(1)运用EPIC模型计算出研究区8种植被类型4个土壤层次可蚀性K值。分析判定研究区K值存在中等程度的变异性;运用地统计分析的理论,利用ArcGIS空间分析模块生成研究区土壤可蚀性K值分布图。
(2)分析了土壤含水量、理化性质和植物根系特性对土壤抗剪切性的影响并建立了它们之间的回归模型。植物根系对土壤具有显著的“加筋”作用,形成“土壤—根系复合体”;“土壤—根系复合体”的存在使土壤抗剪强度、粘结力和内摩擦角都有了不同的意义并得到了加强,从而提高了土壤的抗剪切性能。
(3)不同林分类型土壤渗透性随着土壤深度的增加逐渐减小。土壤初渗率、平均渗透速率、稳渗率、渗透总量等反映土壤渗透特性的指标与土壤理化性质和反映植物根系特性的指标相关性显著。
(4)不同林分类型土壤水稳性指数、抗冲性指数,随着土层的增加逐渐减小。土壤理化性质和植物根系特性与土壤抗冲性和抗蚀性相关性显著。
(5)对开化研究区不同林分类型土壤水土保持特性进行综合评价:竹林和阔叶林归为一类,属于最强类,茶园和农田归为一类,属于较强类;松林、杉木、灌木、混交林归为一类属于较弱类。
With the experiments and analysis,the function of soil and water conservation of main forest types in the countuy of Tonglu and Kaihua,Zhejiang Provincial was studied.The index system of soil and water conservation is divided into three levels: Micro- index of the properties(bulk density,PH value,soil texture,organic material, etc.),middling-index(coefficient of anti-erosion,soil infiltration rate,soil Disinte grating rate,shear strength of the soil),macro-index(soil erodibility K value).A variety of methods were used to anylisize the relationship of these indexes,the results are as follows:
(1)Soil erodibility K value of eight types of forests was calculate by EPIC model. By analysis,we could find out that the spatial variability of K value of the studied area was significant.Basing on the theory of Geostatistical analyst,soil erodiable K value distribution map was made by using spatial analysis module of ArcGIS.
(2)The relation between physical and chemical properties of the soil,roots and soil shear was analysised,the regression model between them have been established. Roots in the soil have significant "reinforced"."Soil - root complex" can reinforce the shear strength,friction angle and cohesive strength,thereby enhancing the soil of the shear performance.
(3)Soil infiltration of different types of forests decreased as the depth of the soil increased gradually.There were close relationship between indexes of soil infiltration、physical and chemical properties of soil and characteristics of roots.
(4)Anti-erodibility and anti-scourabiliey of different types of forests decreased as the depth of the soil increased.Anti-erodibility and anti-scourability have close relationship with physical and chemical properties of soil and characteristics of roots.
(5)All the 8 forest types in the county of Kaihua could be clustered into 3 kinds based on the function of soil and water conservation.The function of soil and water conservation of the broadleaf forest and the bamboo forest were the strongest,so they were clustered into the first kind.The second kind included the tea garden and the farmland.The Chinese fir forest,the pine forest,the mixed forest and the shrub made up the third kind.
(1)运用EPIC模型计算出研究区8种植被类型4个土壤层次可蚀性K值。分析判定研究区K值存在中等程度的变异性;运用地统计分析的理论,利用ArcGIS空间分析模块生成研究区土壤可蚀性K值分布图。
(2)分析了土壤含水量、理化性质和植物根系特性对土壤抗剪切性的影响并建立了它们之间的回归模型。植物根系对土壤具有显著的“加筋”作用,形成“土壤—根系复合体”;“土壤—根系复合体”的存在使土壤抗剪强度、粘结力和内摩擦角都有了不同的意义并得到了加强,从而提高了土壤的抗剪切性能。
(3)不同林分类型土壤渗透性随着土壤深度的增加逐渐减小。土壤初渗率、平均渗透速率、稳渗率、渗透总量等反映土壤渗透特性的指标与土壤理化性质和反映植物根系特性的指标相关性显著。
(4)不同林分类型土壤水稳性指数、抗冲性指数,随着土层的增加逐渐减小。土壤理化性质和植物根系特性与土壤抗冲性和抗蚀性相关性显著。
(5)对开化研究区不同林分类型土壤水土保持特性进行综合评价:竹林和阔叶林归为一类,属于最强类,茶园和农田归为一类,属于较强类;松林、杉木、灌木、混交林归为一类属于较弱类。
With the experiments and analysis,the function of soil and water conservation of main forest types in the countuy of Tonglu and Kaihua,Zhejiang Provincial was studied.The index system of soil and water conservation is divided into three levels: Micro- index of the properties(bulk density,PH value,soil texture,organic material, etc.),middling-index(coefficient of anti-erosion,soil infiltration rate,soil Disinte grating rate,shear strength of the soil),macro-index(soil erodibility K value).A variety of methods were used to anylisize the relationship of these indexes,the results are as follows:
(1)Soil erodibility K value of eight types of forests was calculate by EPIC model. By analysis,we could find out that the spatial variability of K value of the studied area was significant.Basing on the theory of Geostatistical analyst,soil erodiable K value distribution map was made by using spatial analysis module of ArcGIS.
(2)The relation between physical and chemical properties of the soil,roots and soil shear was analysised,the regression model between them have been established. Roots in the soil have significant "reinforced"."Soil - root complex" can reinforce the shear strength,friction angle and cohesive strength,thereby enhancing the soil of the shear performance.
(3)Soil infiltration of different types of forests decreased as the depth of the soil increased gradually.There were close relationship between indexes of soil infiltration、physical and chemical properties of soil and characteristics of roots.
(4)Anti-erodibility and anti-scourabiliey of different types of forests decreased as the depth of the soil increased.Anti-erodibility and anti-scourability have close relationship with physical and chemical properties of soil and characteristics of roots.
(5)All the 8 forest types in the county of Kaihua could be clustered into 3 kinds based on the function of soil and water conservation.The function of soil and water conservation of the broadleaf forest and the bamboo forest were the strongest,so they were clustered into the first kind.The second kind included the tea garden and the farmland.The Chinese fir forest,the pine forest,the mixed forest and the shrub made up the third kind.
引文
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