杂种落叶松人工林冠层光合特征及生长过程机理的研究
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摘要
本文以牡丹江市江山娇林场内14年生杂种落叶松人工林为研究对象,基于2011年复测的8块固定标准地中20株伐倒木的解析数据、3株活立木解析数据以及LI-6400光合仪测定的光合数据,构建了杂种落叶松人工林的树冠结构模型,研究了不同月份冠层的光分布以及光合速率的变化规律,分析了影响光合速率的各因子的变化情况并建立了叶片层次的光合速率模型；进一步研究了杂种落叶松不同冠层的各级枝条对树木生长的贡献程度。本文详细的研究工作包括以下内容：
1、树冠结构模型的建立。主要从树冠的形状预估模型、轮枝数量预估模型及枝条的空间分布三方面进行研究。根据外业实测的杂种落叶松一级枝条数据,利用总着枝深度和林木胸径、树高和冠幅等变量建立了最优的反映树冠形状模型的枝条基径模型和枝长模型并进行了验证；对着枝角度的总体分布进行了描述。在轮枝数量预估模型方面,建立了轮生枝个数及总枝条数预估模型,而轮生枝内枝条数量近似服从稍右偏的正态分布。在树冠垂直方向上,枝条呈一“多”一“少”的的分布趋势,在有效冠以下,枝条随着枝深度的增加,呈逐渐减少的趋势；在树冠的水平方向,枝条的分布近似服从均匀分布。
2、杂种落叶松人工林枝条动态生长预估模型。利用实测解析样木一级枝条的基径、枝长数据,引入年龄因子作为自变量,以Mitschethch方程作为一级枝条长度生长和基径生长的基本模型,采用建立了树冠内一级枝条基径、枝条的动态生长模型。
3、杂种落叶松人工林内冠层光分布的研究。分析了不同月份典型天气(晴天和阴天)条件下不同冠层部位的光合有效辐射(PAR)的分布情况。并研究了PAR透过率与累积叶面积指数和消光系数的关系,分析了其变化规律。
4、利用LI-6400光合仪测定的光合速率数据,分析了不同月份杂种落叶松不同冠层及新老枝叶的光合速率日变化规律,并分析了与光合作用相关的气孔导度、蒸腾速率及胞间CO2浓度等因子的变化情况；对新老枝针叶的光响应曲线和C02响应曲线进行的拟合,通过对相关参数的分析比较了新老枝针叶的光合能力差异；建立了单叶片层次的光合速率模型,为以后建立林分水平的光合速率模型奠定了基础。
5、利用外业活立木解析数据和实测的光合数据,对杂种落叶松树冠内不同层次的各级枝条对树木生长的贡献程度进行计算,为了解杂种落叶松的生长过程提供了基础数据。
The research object of this paper is14year old larch hybrid of Jiangshanjiao forest farm in Mu Danjiang. Based on analytic data of20fallen trees and3living trees, with the photosynthetic data collected used the LI-6400photosynthesis system in the fixed sample plots of Jiangshanjiao forest farm, constructed a Crown profile model of the larch hybrid, studied light distribution of crown layers in diffenernt months and change law of photosynthetic rate, analyzed change of each factor which affect hotosynthetic rate and created hotosynthetic rate model of leaf layer. Further studied contribution of all levels branches to tree growth of different crown layers of larch hybrid. This paper makes a detailed research work includes the following content:
1. The establishment of Crown profile model. Research from three aspects:the estimate model of crown shape, the estimate model of the number of wheel branches, the space distribution of branches. Based on stair branches data of larch hybrid through field measurement, created and tested optimization model of branch base diameter model and branch length model which reflect crown shape used depth into crown of branch, tree diameter at breast height, tree height and crown diameter. Described distribution of branch angle. For the estimate model of number of wheel branches aspect, created estimate model of number of wheel branches and total branches, wheel branches approximately followed peak and right normal distribution. Branches approximately followed normal distribution in the crown, presented a more and little trend. Under the effective crown, number of branches presented straight decline with the increase of depth into crown of branch.
2. The dynamic growth branches estimate model of larch hybrid planted forest. Based on analytic base diameter and branches data of level1branches of Measured the sample tree, bring in age factor as independent variable, used Mitschethch equation as a based equation of branches and base diameter growth, created dynamic growth branches estimate model of level1base diameter and branches.
3. The crown layers light distribution research of larch hybrid planted forest. Analyzed photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) distribution of different crown layers parts on different months classic weather conditions(Cloudy Or Sunny). And studied the relation between PAR transmissivity and cumulative leaf area index, extinction coefficient, and analyzed the change rule.
4. Used photosynthetic rate data determine by LI-6400photosynthesis system, analyzed the daily variations of photosynthetic rate of different crown layers and new-old branchs of larch hybrid planted forest in different months. And analyzed the change of stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and intercellular CO2concentration which related to photosynthesis. Fited curve of photoresponse of new-old branches and CO2response, compared photosynthesis difference ability of new-old branches through the analysis of the related parameters. Created photosynthetic rate model of single leaf layer, provide the foundation for creat photosynthetic rate model of stand level.
5. Used living trees analytical data and photosynthetic data which collected from the spot, calculated contribution of each level branches to tree growth in different layers of larch hybrid, provide the foundation data for the understand of larch hybrid growth.
1、树冠结构模型的建立。主要从树冠的形状预估模型、轮枝数量预估模型及枝条的空间分布三方面进行研究。根据外业实测的杂种落叶松一级枝条数据,利用总着枝深度和林木胸径、树高和冠幅等变量建立了最优的反映树冠形状模型的枝条基径模型和枝长模型并进行了验证；对着枝角度的总体分布进行了描述。在轮枝数量预估模型方面,建立了轮生枝个数及总枝条数预估模型,而轮生枝内枝条数量近似服从稍右偏的正态分布。在树冠垂直方向上,枝条呈一“多”一“少”的的分布趋势,在有效冠以下,枝条随着枝深度的增加,呈逐渐减少的趋势；在树冠的水平方向,枝条的分布近似服从均匀分布。
2、杂种落叶松人工林枝条动态生长预估模型。利用实测解析样木一级枝条的基径、枝长数据,引入年龄因子作为自变量,以Mitschethch方程作为一级枝条长度生长和基径生长的基本模型,采用建立了树冠内一级枝条基径、枝条的动态生长模型。
3、杂种落叶松人工林内冠层光分布的研究。分析了不同月份典型天气(晴天和阴天)条件下不同冠层部位的光合有效辐射(PAR)的分布情况。并研究了PAR透过率与累积叶面积指数和消光系数的关系,分析了其变化规律。
4、利用LI-6400光合仪测定的光合速率数据,分析了不同月份杂种落叶松不同冠层及新老枝叶的光合速率日变化规律,并分析了与光合作用相关的气孔导度、蒸腾速率及胞间CO2浓度等因子的变化情况；对新老枝针叶的光响应曲线和C02响应曲线进行的拟合,通过对相关参数的分析比较了新老枝针叶的光合能力差异；建立了单叶片层次的光合速率模型,为以后建立林分水平的光合速率模型奠定了基础。
5、利用外业活立木解析数据和实测的光合数据,对杂种落叶松树冠内不同层次的各级枝条对树木生长的贡献程度进行计算,为了解杂种落叶松的生长过程提供了基础数据。
The research object of this paper is14year old larch hybrid of Jiangshanjiao forest farm in Mu Danjiang. Based on analytic data of20fallen trees and3living trees, with the photosynthetic data collected used the LI-6400photosynthesis system in the fixed sample plots of Jiangshanjiao forest farm, constructed a Crown profile model of the larch hybrid, studied light distribution of crown layers in diffenernt months and change law of photosynthetic rate, analyzed change of each factor which affect hotosynthetic rate and created hotosynthetic rate model of leaf layer. Further studied contribution of all levels branches to tree growth of different crown layers of larch hybrid. This paper makes a detailed research work includes the following content:
1. The establishment of Crown profile model. Research from three aspects:the estimate model of crown shape, the estimate model of the number of wheel branches, the space distribution of branches. Based on stair branches data of larch hybrid through field measurement, created and tested optimization model of branch base diameter model and branch length model which reflect crown shape used depth into crown of branch, tree diameter at breast height, tree height and crown diameter. Described distribution of branch angle. For the estimate model of number of wheel branches aspect, created estimate model of number of wheel branches and total branches, wheel branches approximately followed peak and right normal distribution. Branches approximately followed normal distribution in the crown, presented a more and little trend. Under the effective crown, number of branches presented straight decline with the increase of depth into crown of branch.
2. The dynamic growth branches estimate model of larch hybrid planted forest. Based on analytic base diameter and branches data of level1branches of Measured the sample tree, bring in age factor as independent variable, used Mitschethch equation as a based equation of branches and base diameter growth, created dynamic growth branches estimate model of level1base diameter and branches.
3. The crown layers light distribution research of larch hybrid planted forest. Analyzed photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) distribution of different crown layers parts on different months classic weather conditions(Cloudy Or Sunny). And studied the relation between PAR transmissivity and cumulative leaf area index, extinction coefficient, and analyzed the change rule.
4. Used photosynthetic rate data determine by LI-6400photosynthesis system, analyzed the daily variations of photosynthetic rate of different crown layers and new-old branchs of larch hybrid planted forest in different months. And analyzed the change of stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and intercellular CO2concentration which related to photosynthesis. Fited curve of photoresponse of new-old branches and CO2response, compared photosynthesis difference ability of new-old branches through the analysis of the related parameters. Created photosynthetic rate model of single leaf layer, provide the foundation for creat photosynthetic rate model of stand level.
5. Used living trees analytical data and photosynthetic data which collected from the spot, calculated contribution of each level branches to tree growth in different layers of larch hybrid, provide the foundation data for the understand of larch hybrid growth.
引文
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