复杂分层介质中的电磁场特性研究及应用
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摘要
本文采用矩量法(MoM)分析分层介质中的电磁场问题。推导了位于分层介质中的电偶极子和磁偶极子的矢量位和标量位格林函数，并采用二级离散复镜像方法计算了格林函数，得到了简洁闭式。将格林函数应用于矩量法中，首先分析了平面微带电路，提取出电路的网络参数。结合网络分析方法对带有垂直接地结构的微带电路进行全波分析。将垂直接地结构用边端口代替，将原电路等效成只有平面结构的广义多端口模型。在分析平面微带电路的基础上，分析了封装微带结构特性，利用镜像原理通过修正阻抗矩阵来移除封装的边壁效应。作为分层介质的一种应用，本文分析了半空间中的粗糙海面上金属目标的雷达散射特性。将海水视为下半空间媒质，采用Monte Carlo方法生产的粗糙海面视为位于上半空间中的介质表面。通过建立半空间中的介质和金属混合目标的积分方程，并采用迭代方法求解矩阵方程以得到该模型的散射特性。
Some electromagnetic problems in the multilayered media are analyzed using the Method of Moment (MoM) in this paper. The Green's functions of the electrical dipole and magnetic dipole lying in the multilayered media are given and calculated by the two level approximations discrete complex image method. So the Green's functions can be written as the closed forms. Using them in MoM, we analyzed the planar microstrip circuits at first and extract the network parameters of the circuits. Together with network analysis method, the microstrip circuits with via grounding structures are analyzed. Replacing the via grounding structures and substituting the edge ports for them, the original circuits could be equivalent to the generalized multiport models with only planar structure. Based on the planar microstrip circuits, the enclosed microstrip structure is analyzed and the package effects are removed by modifying the impedance matrix by the images theory. As an application of the multilayered media, the electromagnetic scattering characteristic from the 3D conducting object above the random ocean-like rough surfaces is also evaluated. The water sea could be regarded as the half low space medium and the sea rough surfaces could be regarded as the dielectric surfaces above the sea. The scattering characteristic of this model is calculated by establishing the integral equation of the combined conducting/dielectric objects and solving the matrix equation with the iteration method.
Some electromagnetic problems in the multilayered media are analyzed using the Method of Moment (MoM) in this paper. The Green's functions of the electrical dipole and magnetic dipole lying in the multilayered media are given and calculated by the two level approximations discrete complex image method. So the Green's functions can be written as the closed forms. Using them in MoM, we analyzed the planar microstrip circuits at first and extract the network parameters of the circuits. Together with network analysis method, the microstrip circuits with via grounding structures are analyzed. Replacing the via grounding structures and substituting the edge ports for them, the original circuits could be equivalent to the generalized multiport models with only planar structure. Based on the planar microstrip circuits, the enclosed microstrip structure is analyzed and the package effects are removed by modifying the impedance matrix by the images theory. As an application of the multilayered media, the electromagnetic scattering characteristic from the 3D conducting object above the random ocean-like rough surfaces is also evaluated. The water sea could be regarded as the half low space medium and the sea rough surfaces could be regarded as the dielectric surfaces above the sea. The scattering characteristic of this model is calculated by establishing the integral equation of the combined conducting/dielectric objects and solving the matrix equation with the iteration method.
引文
[1] R.F.Harrington, Field computation by moment method, IEEE Press, New York, 1993.
[2] Robert W. Jackson, "The use of side wall images to compute package effects in MOM analysis of MMIC circuits," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1993, MTT-41(3), 406-414.
[3] Robert W. Jackson, "Removing Package Effects From Microstrip Moment Method Calulations," IEEE MTT-S Digest, 1992, June, 1225-1228.
[4] Krzysztof A. Michalski and J. R. Mosing, "Multilayered Media Green's Functions in Integral Equation Formulations," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 1997, AP-45(3), 508-519.
[5] Rodriguez Pino Marcos, Landesa Luis, Jose Luis Rodriguez, et al, "The Generalized Forward-Backward Method for Analyzing the Scattering from Targets on Ocean-Like Rough Surfaces". IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 1999, AP-47(6), 961-969.
[6] D. J. Donohue, H. C. Ku and Donald. R. Thompson, "Application of Iterative Moment-Method Solutions to Ocean Surface Radar Scattering," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 1998, AP-46(1), 121-132.
[7] Danai Torrungrueng, His-Tseng Chou, and Joel T. Johnson, "A Novel Acceleration Algorithm for the Computation of Scattering From Two-Dimensional Large-Scale Perfectly Conducting Random Rough Surfaces with the Forward-Backward Method". IEEE Trans.Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 2000, 38(4), 1656-1668.
[8] Z. Liu, J. He, Y. Xie, A. Sullivan, and L. Carin, "Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm for General Targets on a Half-Space Interface", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 2002, AP-50(12), 1838-1849.
[9] K. A. Michalski and D. Zheng, "Electromagnetic scattering and radiation by surfaces of arbitrary shape in layered media, Part Ⅰ: Theory," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 1990, AP-38(3), 335-344.
[10] W. C. Chew, Waves and Fields in Inhomogeneous Media, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990, 39-63.
[11] P. B. Katehi and N. G. Alexopoulos, "Real axis integration of Sommerfeld integrals with applications to printed circuit antennas", J. Math. Phys. 1983, 24(3), 527-533.
[12]Y. L. Chow, J. J. Yang, D. G. Fang and G. E. Howard, "A closed-form spatial Green's function for the thick microstrip substrate," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1991, MTT-39(3), 588-592.
[13] Yang J J, Chow Y L, Howard G E, et al, Complex Images of an Electric Dipole in Homogeneous and Layered Dielectrics Between Two Ground Planes, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1992, MTT-40(3), 595-600.
[14]R. M. Shubair and Y. L. Chow, "A Simple and Accurate Complex Image Interpretation of Vertical Antennas Present in Contiguous Dielectric Half-Spaces," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 1993, AP-41(6), 806-811.
[15]M. I. Aksun, "A robust approach for the derivation of closed-form Green's function," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1996, MTT-44(5), 651-658.
[16]Hua Y and Sarkar T K, "Generalized pencil-of-function method for extracting poles of an EM system from its transient response," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 1989, AP-37(2), 229-234.
[17] S. M. Rao, D. R. Wilton, and A. W. Glisson, "Electromagnetic Scattering by Surfaces of Arbitrary Shape," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 1982, vol. AP-30(3), 409-418.
[18] D. R. Wilton, S. M. Rao, A. W. Glission, et al, "Pltential integrals for uniform and linear source distributious on polygonal and polyhedral domains," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., 1984, AP-32(3), 276-281.
[19]Eleftheriades V George, and Juan R. Mosig, "On the network characterization of plana passive circuits using the method of moments." IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. , 1996, MTT-44(3), 438-445.
[20] J. R. Mosing, "Arbitrarily Shaped Microstrip Structures and Their Analysis with a Mixed Potential Integral Equation", IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1988, 36(2), 314-323.
[21] Jia-Sheng Hong and M. J. Lancaster, Microstrip Filters for RF/Microwave Applications, John Wiley & Sons. Inc, 2001.
[22]Noyan Kinayman and M. I. Aksun, "Efficient use of closed form Green's function for the analysis of planar geometries with vertical connections," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1997, MTT-45(5), 593-603.
[23]M. J. Tsai, C. Chen, N. G. Alexopoulos, et.al, "Multiple Arbitrary Shape Via-hole and Air-Bridge Transitions in Multilayered Strutures", IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 1996, MTT-44(12), 2504-2511.
[24] Y. Chang, Roger F. Harrington, "A Surface Formulation for Characteristic Modes of Material Bodies", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 1997, AP-25(6), 789-795.
[25]Korada Umashankar, Allen Taflove, and Sadasiva M. Rao, "Electromagnetic Scattering by Arbitrary Shaped Three-Dimensional Homogeneous Lossy Dielectric Objects", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 1986, June, 758-766.
[26] Lei Yin, Jie Wang, Wei Hong, "A novel algorithm based on the domain-decomposition method for the full-wave analysis of 3-D electromagnetic problem", IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 2002, 50(8): 2011-2017.
[27] J. L. Rodriguez, F. Obelleiro and A. G. Pino, "A Block-Iterative Algorithm for Mutlti-Object Scattering Problems", IEEE Trans. On Magnetic, 1998, 34(5), 2696-269.
[2] Robert W. Jackson, "The use of side wall images to compute package effects in MOM analysis of MMIC circuits," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1993, MTT-41(3), 406-414.
[3] Robert W. Jackson, "Removing Package Effects From Microstrip Moment Method Calulations," IEEE MTT-S Digest, 1992, June, 1225-1228.
[4] Krzysztof A. Michalski and J. R. Mosing, "Multilayered Media Green's Functions in Integral Equation Formulations," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 1997, AP-45(3), 508-519.
[5] Rodriguez Pino Marcos, Landesa Luis, Jose Luis Rodriguez, et al, "The Generalized Forward-Backward Method for Analyzing the Scattering from Targets on Ocean-Like Rough Surfaces". IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 1999, AP-47(6), 961-969.
[6] D. J. Donohue, H. C. Ku and Donald. R. Thompson, "Application of Iterative Moment-Method Solutions to Ocean Surface Radar Scattering," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 1998, AP-46(1), 121-132.
[7] Danai Torrungrueng, His-Tseng Chou, and Joel T. Johnson, "A Novel Acceleration Algorithm for the Computation of Scattering From Two-Dimensional Large-Scale Perfectly Conducting Random Rough Surfaces with the Forward-Backward Method". IEEE Trans.Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 2000, 38(4), 1656-1668.
[8] Z. Liu, J. He, Y. Xie, A. Sullivan, and L. Carin, "Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm for General Targets on a Half-Space Interface", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 2002, AP-50(12), 1838-1849.
[9] K. A. Michalski and D. Zheng, "Electromagnetic scattering and radiation by surfaces of arbitrary shape in layered media, Part Ⅰ: Theory," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 1990, AP-38(3), 335-344.
[10] W. C. Chew, Waves and Fields in Inhomogeneous Media, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990, 39-63.
[11] P. B. Katehi and N. G. Alexopoulos, "Real axis integration of Sommerfeld integrals with applications to printed circuit antennas", J. Math. Phys. 1983, 24(3), 527-533.
[12]Y. L. Chow, J. J. Yang, D. G. Fang and G. E. Howard, "A closed-form spatial Green's function for the thick microstrip substrate," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1991, MTT-39(3), 588-592.
[13] Yang J J, Chow Y L, Howard G E, et al, Complex Images of an Electric Dipole in Homogeneous and Layered Dielectrics Between Two Ground Planes, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1992, MTT-40(3), 595-600.
[14]R. M. Shubair and Y. L. Chow, "A Simple and Accurate Complex Image Interpretation of Vertical Antennas Present in Contiguous Dielectric Half-Spaces," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 1993, AP-41(6), 806-811.
[15]M. I. Aksun, "A robust approach for the derivation of closed-form Green's function," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1996, MTT-44(5), 651-658.
[16]Hua Y and Sarkar T K, "Generalized pencil-of-function method for extracting poles of an EM system from its transient response," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 1989, AP-37(2), 229-234.
[17] S. M. Rao, D. R. Wilton, and A. W. Glisson, "Electromagnetic Scattering by Surfaces of Arbitrary Shape," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., 1982, vol. AP-30(3), 409-418.
[18] D. R. Wilton, S. M. Rao, A. W. Glission, et al, "Pltential integrals for uniform and linear source distributious on polygonal and polyhedral domains," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., 1984, AP-32(3), 276-281.
[19]Eleftheriades V George, and Juan R. Mosig, "On the network characterization of plana passive circuits using the method of moments." IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. , 1996, MTT-44(3), 438-445.
[20] J. R. Mosing, "Arbitrarily Shaped Microstrip Structures and Their Analysis with a Mixed Potential Integral Equation", IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1988, 36(2), 314-323.
[21] Jia-Sheng Hong and M. J. Lancaster, Microstrip Filters for RF/Microwave Applications, John Wiley & Sons. Inc, 2001.
[22]Noyan Kinayman and M. I. Aksun, "Efficient use of closed form Green's function for the analysis of planar geometries with vertical connections," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1997, MTT-45(5), 593-603.
[23]M. J. Tsai, C. Chen, N. G. Alexopoulos, et.al, "Multiple Arbitrary Shape Via-hole and Air-Bridge Transitions in Multilayered Strutures", IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 1996, MTT-44(12), 2504-2511.
[24] Y. Chang, Roger F. Harrington, "A Surface Formulation for Characteristic Modes of Material Bodies", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 1997, AP-25(6), 789-795.
[25]Korada Umashankar, Allen Taflove, and Sadasiva M. Rao, "Electromagnetic Scattering by Arbitrary Shaped Three-Dimensional Homogeneous Lossy Dielectric Objects", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. 1986, June, 758-766.
[26] Lei Yin, Jie Wang, Wei Hong, "A novel algorithm based on the domain-decomposition method for the full-wave analysis of 3-D electromagnetic problem", IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 2002, 50(8): 2011-2017.
[27] J. L. Rodriguez, F. Obelleiro and A. G. Pino, "A Block-Iterative Algorithm for Mutlti-Object Scattering Problems", IEEE Trans. On Magnetic, 1998, 34(5), 2696-269.