家庭牧场尺度群落特征与土壤养分的空间分异
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摘要
以土壤普查及野外实际调查资料为数据源,通过建立植被图、土壤图、地形图,利用GIS软件建立DEM并进行高程分带和空间叠置分析等,研究家庭牧场尺度上植被与土壤空间分布及其理化性质相互关系,得出了该牧场在不同海拔植被群落特征与土壤肥力的状况。据此构建研究区植被与土壤空间分布三维可视化模型,直观再现植被与土壤养分空间分布与所处地理环境的关系。研究结果表明:
1随着海拔的变化家庭牧场呈现出不同的草地类型,其中在海拔1423～1470m范围内是高平原草地,在海拔1327～1342m范围内是低湿地草地,在海拔1343～1358m范围内是沙质草地和低湿地的过渡带,在海拔1359～1390m范围内是沙质草地。
2整个牧场以多年生禾本科牧草占优势,但是一年生杂类草如藜、猪毛菜和尖头叶藜的高度、盖度和密度也比较大,禾本科和杂类草的重要值都比较大。
3地上现存量在海拔最低的低湿地最高,沙质草地和低湿地草地的过渡带次之,海拔最高的高平原草地最低。
4随着海拔的降低,草群粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量降低,在海拔最低处其值最低,粗纤维含量随海拔的降低而升高,钙和磷的含量都是在中等海拔处偏高。
5土壤机械组成中,砂粒和粘粒在海拔最高的高平原草地上含量最高。
6在土壤养分中,土壤全氮、速效氮、速效钾、有机质含量在沙质草地和低湿地的过渡带最高,土壤全磷、速效磷、全钾含量在沙质草地和海拔最低的低湿地草地较高。
The spatial distribution, interrelationship of vegetation and soil properties and altitude in the household pastures scale were analyzed in this experiment, which was based on the vegetation map, soil map, geomorphologic map and field survey for creating DEM and extracting terrain factors and overlaying. The statuses of vegetation and soil fertility in the household pastures on the different elevation were investigated. The three-dimension visualization model of vegetation and soil spatial distribution were created, which displayed the relationship between vegetation and soil type distribution and environment directly, and could help to understand how the spatial distribution of vegetation and soil and its proper-ties changed with the terrain. The main results were shown as follows:
1. The ranch showed out different types of grassland in the family ranch with the change of elevation. They were the high plains grasslands in the range of 1423~1470m elevation, the lower wetland grassland in the range of 1327～1342m elevation, the sandy grassland and lower wetland grassland in the range of 1343～1358m elevation, and the sandy grassland in the range of 1359～1390m elevation.
2. Perennial grasses was dominant in the whole pasture. The heights, coverage and densities of annual grasses, such as Chenopodiaceae, Salsola collina Pall and Chenopodium acuminatum Willd were relatively large, and important values of perennial grasses and forbs were high.
3. The aboveground present biomass were high in the lower wetland grassland of lowest elevation, in turn, in the zone sandy grassland and lower wetland grassland, of which in the high plains grassland of the highest elevation were low.
4. The contents of crude protein and crude fat of forages decreased with the decrease of elevation. The crude fiber content of forages increased with the increase of elevation. The contents of calcium and phosphorus of forages were high within middle-elevation.
5. The contents of sand grain and the clay in the soil mechanical composition were high in the high plains grassland of the high elevation.
6. The contents of soil total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available kalium and organic matter were high in the sandy grassland and lower wetland grassland. The contents of soil total phosphorus, available phosphorus and total kalium content were high in the lower wetland grassland of lowest elevation and the sandy grassland.
1随着海拔的变化家庭牧场呈现出不同的草地类型,其中在海拔1423～1470m范围内是高平原草地,在海拔1327～1342m范围内是低湿地草地,在海拔1343～1358m范围内是沙质草地和低湿地的过渡带,在海拔1359～1390m范围内是沙质草地。
2整个牧场以多年生禾本科牧草占优势,但是一年生杂类草如藜、猪毛菜和尖头叶藜的高度、盖度和密度也比较大,禾本科和杂类草的重要值都比较大。
3地上现存量在海拔最低的低湿地最高,沙质草地和低湿地草地的过渡带次之,海拔最高的高平原草地最低。
4随着海拔的降低,草群粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量降低,在海拔最低处其值最低,粗纤维含量随海拔的降低而升高,钙和磷的含量都是在中等海拔处偏高。
5土壤机械组成中,砂粒和粘粒在海拔最高的高平原草地上含量最高。
6在土壤养分中,土壤全氮、速效氮、速效钾、有机质含量在沙质草地和低湿地的过渡带最高,土壤全磷、速效磷、全钾含量在沙质草地和海拔最低的低湿地草地较高。
The spatial distribution, interrelationship of vegetation and soil properties and altitude in the household pastures scale were analyzed in this experiment, which was based on the vegetation map, soil map, geomorphologic map and field survey for creating DEM and extracting terrain factors and overlaying. The statuses of vegetation and soil fertility in the household pastures on the different elevation were investigated. The three-dimension visualization model of vegetation and soil spatial distribution were created, which displayed the relationship between vegetation and soil type distribution and environment directly, and could help to understand how the spatial distribution of vegetation and soil and its proper-ties changed with the terrain. The main results were shown as follows:
1. The ranch showed out different types of grassland in the family ranch with the change of elevation. They were the high plains grasslands in the range of 1423~1470m elevation, the lower wetland grassland in the range of 1327～1342m elevation, the sandy grassland and lower wetland grassland in the range of 1343～1358m elevation, and the sandy grassland in the range of 1359～1390m elevation.
2. Perennial grasses was dominant in the whole pasture. The heights, coverage and densities of annual grasses, such as Chenopodiaceae, Salsola collina Pall and Chenopodium acuminatum Willd were relatively large, and important values of perennial grasses and forbs were high.
3. The aboveground present biomass were high in the lower wetland grassland of lowest elevation, in turn, in the zone sandy grassland and lower wetland grassland, of which in the high plains grassland of the highest elevation were low.
4. The contents of crude protein and crude fat of forages decreased with the decrease of elevation. The crude fiber content of forages increased with the increase of elevation. The contents of calcium and phosphorus of forages were high within middle-elevation.
5. The contents of sand grain and the clay in the soil mechanical composition were high in the high plains grassland of the high elevation.
6. The contents of soil total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available kalium and organic matter were high in the sandy grassland and lower wetland grassland. The contents of soil total phosphorus, available phosphorus and total kalium content were high in the lower wetland grassland of lowest elevation and the sandy grassland.
引文
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