奶牛主要饲料原料纤维物质和蛋白质瘤胃降解特性的研究
摘要
本研究以3头体况良好、体重、年龄、胎次相近、安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛(体重约600㎏,日产奶量13㎏左右)为试验动物,用尼龙袋法测定了奶牛主要粗饲料、蛋白质饲料以及谷实、糠麸与糟渣类饲料的干物质、纤维物质(NDF、ADF)和蛋白质在瘤胃内的动态降解规律及其有效降解率。结果表明:
1.奶牛主要粗饲料中苜蓿干草、全株玉米青贮和黑麦青干草的DM、NDF、ADF与CP有效降解率均较高,DM有效降解率50%以上,NDF与ADF有效降解率为40%左右(苜蓿干草30%左右),CP有效降解率为60%以上。燕麦青干草、东北羊草和玉米秸秆青贮为中等,DM有效降解率为40%以上,NDF与ADF有效降解率为30%左右,CP有效降解率为45%以上。谷草和玉米秸秆为最低,DM有效降解率为40%左右,NDF与ADF有效降解率为30%左右,CP有效降解率为40%左右。
2.奶牛主要蛋白质饲料中全脂大豆DM、NDF、ADF与CP的有效降解率均最高,分别为72.37%、74.36%、69.01%、74.61%。豆粕、棉粕、全棉籽和麦芽根的CP有效降解率也较高,60%以上。菜籽粕和DDGS的CP有效降解率为最低(低于30%),其余为37%～50%。豆粕、玉米蛋白粉和麦芽根的DM有效降解率较高,50%以上。棉粕、菜籽粕、DDGS、啤酒糟、胡麻粕、全棉籽的DM有效降解率均较低(34%～50%)。玉米蛋白粉的NDF与ADF有效降解率较高,分别为83.69%和63.80%,其余除了全脂大豆和豆粕,多数低于30%。
3.奶牛主要谷实、糠麸与糟渣类饲料中玉米的DM、NDF、ADF与CP有效降解率分别为50.93%、50.74%、49.48%、52.33%。次粉、玉米皮和麸皮的CP有效降解率均较高,80%左右;苹果渣的CP降解率为最低(27.49%),其余均50%～55%。次粉的DM有效降解率为72.43%,在所有谷实、糠麸与糟渣类饲料中为最高;大豆皮的DM降解率为最低(38.83%),其余均50%左右。大豆皮与苹果渣的NDF、ADF有效降解率均较低,分别为30.97%与24.21%,28.63%与26.17%。
Three good body condition China Hositan cows, weight, age, parity is similar and with permanent rumen fistula were chosen for this study(body weight approximately 600㎏, milk production quantity about 13㎏). Rumen dynamic degradability and effective degradation rate of dry matter, fiber matter (NDF, ADF) and protein of main roughages, protein feeds, grains, brans and distillers were estimated by nylon bag technique. The results are as follows:
1.Among all roughages, the effective degradation rate of DM,NDF, ADF and CP of alfalfa hay, whole-crop corn silage and rye hay are higher, the effective degradation rate of DM are above 50%, the effective degradation rate of NDF and ADF about 40% (Alfalfa hay about 30%), the effective degradation rate of CP are above 60%. Oat hay, leymus chinensis and cornstalk silage are middle level,the effective degradation rate of DM are above 40%, the effective degradation rate of NDF and ADF are about 30%, the effective degradation rate of CP are above 45%. millet straw and cornstalk are lowest, the effective degradation rate of DM are about 40%, the effective degradation rate of NDF and ADF are about 30%, the effective degradation rate of CP are about 40%.
2.Among all protein feeds, the effective degradation rate of DM,NDF,ADF and CP in full-fat soybeans are highest, which are 72.37%,74.36%,69.01% and 74.61% respectively. The effective degradation rate of protein are higher in soybean, cottonseed, whole cottonseed and barley malt sprouts above 60%, The effective degradation rate of protein are lowest in rapeseed meal and DDGS (lower 30%),the others’are 37%～50%. The effective degradation rate of DM are higher in soybean, corn gluten meal and barley malt sprouts above 50%, The effective degradation rate of DM are lower in cottonseed, rapeseed meal, DDGS, brewers dried grain, sesame meal and whole cottonseed (34%～50%), The effective degradation rate of NDF and ADF are higher in corn gluten meal, which are 83.69% and 63.80% respectively. the others’are all lower than 30% expect full-fat soybean and soybean.
3.Among all grains, brans and distillers, the effective degradation rate of DM,NDF,ADF and CP of corn are 50.93%,50.74%,49.48% and 52.33% respectively. The effective degradation rate of CP of wheat middling and reddog, corn bran and wheat bran are higher, about 80%;the effective degradation rate of CP of apple waste are lowest (27.49%), the others’are 50%～55%. the effective degradation rate of DM of wheat middling and reddog are highest among all grains, brans and distillers, which are 72.43%;the effective degradation rate of DM of soybean hulls are lowest(38.83%), the others’are about 50%. The effective degradation rate of NDF and ADF of soybean hulls and apple waste are lower, which are 30.97% and 24.21%,28.63% and 26.17% respectively.
1.奶牛主要粗饲料中苜蓿干草、全株玉米青贮和黑麦青干草的DM、NDF、ADF与CP有效降解率均较高,DM有效降解率50%以上,NDF与ADF有效降解率为40%左右(苜蓿干草30%左右),CP有效降解率为60%以上。燕麦青干草、东北羊草和玉米秸秆青贮为中等,DM有效降解率为40%以上,NDF与ADF有效降解率为30%左右,CP有效降解率为45%以上。谷草和玉米秸秆为最低,DM有效降解率为40%左右,NDF与ADF有效降解率为30%左右,CP有效降解率为40%左右。
2.奶牛主要蛋白质饲料中全脂大豆DM、NDF、ADF与CP的有效降解率均最高,分别为72.37%、74.36%、69.01%、74.61%。豆粕、棉粕、全棉籽和麦芽根的CP有效降解率也较高,60%以上。菜籽粕和DDGS的CP有效降解率为最低(低于30%),其余为37%～50%。豆粕、玉米蛋白粉和麦芽根的DM有效降解率较高,50%以上。棉粕、菜籽粕、DDGS、啤酒糟、胡麻粕、全棉籽的DM有效降解率均较低(34%～50%)。玉米蛋白粉的NDF与ADF有效降解率较高,分别为83.69%和63.80%,其余除了全脂大豆和豆粕,多数低于30%。
3.奶牛主要谷实、糠麸与糟渣类饲料中玉米的DM、NDF、ADF与CP有效降解率分别为50.93%、50.74%、49.48%、52.33%。次粉、玉米皮和麸皮的CP有效降解率均较高,80%左右;苹果渣的CP降解率为最低(27.49%),其余均50%～55%。次粉的DM有效降解率为72.43%,在所有谷实、糠麸与糟渣类饲料中为最高;大豆皮的DM降解率为最低(38.83%),其余均50%左右。大豆皮与苹果渣的NDF、ADF有效降解率均较低,分别为30.97%与24.21%,28.63%与26.17%。
Three good body condition China Hositan cows, weight, age, parity is similar and with permanent rumen fistula were chosen for this study(body weight approximately 600㎏, milk production quantity about 13㎏). Rumen dynamic degradability and effective degradation rate of dry matter, fiber matter (NDF, ADF) and protein of main roughages, protein feeds, grains, brans and distillers were estimated by nylon bag technique. The results are as follows:
1.Among all roughages, the effective degradation rate of DM,NDF, ADF and CP of alfalfa hay, whole-crop corn silage and rye hay are higher, the effective degradation rate of DM are above 50%, the effective degradation rate of NDF and ADF about 40% (Alfalfa hay about 30%), the effective degradation rate of CP are above 60%. Oat hay, leymus chinensis and cornstalk silage are middle level,the effective degradation rate of DM are above 40%, the effective degradation rate of NDF and ADF are about 30%, the effective degradation rate of CP are above 45%. millet straw and cornstalk are lowest, the effective degradation rate of DM are about 40%, the effective degradation rate of NDF and ADF are about 30%, the effective degradation rate of CP are about 40%.
2.Among all protein feeds, the effective degradation rate of DM,NDF,ADF and CP in full-fat soybeans are highest, which are 72.37%,74.36%,69.01% and 74.61% respectively. The effective degradation rate of protein are higher in soybean, cottonseed, whole cottonseed and barley malt sprouts above 60%, The effective degradation rate of protein are lowest in rapeseed meal and DDGS (lower 30%),the others’are 37%～50%. The effective degradation rate of DM are higher in soybean, corn gluten meal and barley malt sprouts above 50%, The effective degradation rate of DM are lower in cottonseed, rapeseed meal, DDGS, brewers dried grain, sesame meal and whole cottonseed (34%～50%), The effective degradation rate of NDF and ADF are higher in corn gluten meal, which are 83.69% and 63.80% respectively. the others’are all lower than 30% expect full-fat soybean and soybean.
3.Among all grains, brans and distillers, the effective degradation rate of DM,NDF,ADF and CP of corn are 50.93%,50.74%,49.48% and 52.33% respectively. The effective degradation rate of CP of wheat middling and reddog, corn bran and wheat bran are higher, about 80%;the effective degradation rate of CP of apple waste are lowest (27.49%), the others’are 50%～55%. the effective degradation rate of DM of wheat middling and reddog are highest among all grains, brans and distillers, which are 72.43%;the effective degradation rate of DM of soybean hulls are lowest(38.83%), the others’are about 50%. The effective degradation rate of NDF and ADF of soybean hulls and apple waste are lower, which are 30.97% and 24.21%,28.63% and 26.17% respectively.
引文
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