脱胶海带粉对肉仔鸡生长发育、肉品质及脂质代谢的影响
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摘要
海带作为天然的保健食品,含有多种有效成分。目前对海带的综合利用主要以提取海藻酸钠、碘及少量的甘露醇为主,提取上述成分之后的海带为脱胶海带。脱胶海带中尚含有较丰富的蛋白质、糖胶、膳食纤维、矿物元素等多种有利于动物健康的成分,本研究以Abore Acre商品代肉仔鸡为实验动物,探讨使用脱胶海带粉稀释配合饲料对其生长发育、肉品质及脂质代谢的影响,为脱胶海带粉在动物生产中的应用提供理论依据。
试验一脱胶海带粉营养成分测定
脱胶海带粉由山东荣成凯普生物公司提供。对其蛋白质、总能、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、多糖、甘露醇、矿物元素等多种成分进行了测定。结果表明,脱胶海带粉中含粗蛋白19.85%、总能量14.55MJ/Kg、粗脂肪2.37%、粗纤维9.12%、多糖0.26%、粗灰分25.29%、甘露醇0.10%、碘0.173%、;与海带比较结果表明,脱胶海带粉中能量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪的含量显著增加;矿物元素中,除K、Na、Mg、Cu、I外,其它矿物元素的含量都有明显增加。
试验二脱胶海带粉对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响
试验选用1日龄AA商品代肉仔鸡300只鸡随机分成5个处理组,每组设6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组为在基础日粮中分别添加0.5%,1%,2%,4%的脱胶海带粉。饲养试验为期42天,在21日龄和42日龄统计生产性能。结果表明,与对照组相比,在1-21日龄时,试验各组之间的日采食量差异不显著(P>0.05),添加4%脱胶海带粉组显著降低了肉仔鸡的日增重6.99%(P<0.05),饲料转化率显著升高(P<0.05),21日龄平均体重显著降低(P<0.05)。各试验组与对照组相比,脱胶海带粉对22-42日龄和1-42日龄肉仔鸡生产性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。
试验三脱胶海带粉对肉仔鸡肌肉品质的影响
试验日粮及试验处理同试验一,42日龄时每个重复随机取1只鸡屠宰,取胸肌和腿肌用于肌肉品质指标的检测。试验结果表明,脱胶海带粉对胸肌和腿肌品质的影响具有显著差异:可以显著改善胸肌肉色( P<0.05 ),对腿肌肉色无影响(P>0.05);添加1%以上的脱胶海带粉可以显著提高胸肌的pH值( P<0.05 ),对腿肌的pH值没有显著影响(P>0.05);对胸肌和腿肌的剪切力无显著影响(P>0.05);显著增加胸肌中粗蛋白和水分的含量( P<0.05 ),对其脂肪和胆固醇含量没有显著影响(P>0.05),显著降低了腿肌中胆固醇的含量( P<0.05 ),对其粗蛋白、水分和脂肪含量没有显著影响(P>0.05)。
试验四脱胶海带粉的对肉仔鸡脂质代谢的影响
试验日粮及试验处理同试验一。结果表明,在肉鸡日粮中添加脱胶海带粉显著影响了肉仔鸡前期脂肪沉积,当添加量达到4%时,可显著减少腹脂及肌内、肌间脂肪沉积(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,添加脱胶海带粉组可以增加血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量,提高HDL-C/TC比值,降低排泄物中脂肪含量,但对血清总胆固醇TC、甘油三酯TG含量的影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:在肉仔鸡日粮中添加适宜量的脱胶海带粉对肉仔鸡的生长发育和脂质代谢具有一定的调节作用。即在肉仔鸡的整个生长期内,脱胶海带粉添加量为4%时,能在不影响肉仔鸡日增重的前提下降低肌内脂肪含量,并通过影响脂质的分解转运起到调节脂质代谢的作用。
Laminaria japonica is a natural healthy food and full of many valid compositions in it. On the industry, the utilization of the laminaria is focus on extracted the sodium alginate, iodine and a little mannitol. And the protein,fucoidan, dietary fiber and mineral elements which are necessarily favorable to animal health are content at the remainder. The remainder is referred as the powder of degummed kelp.The experiments were conduct to evaluate the effect of dietary the powder of degummed kelp substituting for a small portion of formulated diet on the growth performance,meat quality and lipid metabolism of broiler,then we could provid the theoretical basis for the application of degummed kelp in animal production according to the experiments results.
Exp. one Determination the powder of degummed kelp’s nutrient composition
The powder of degummed kelp was offered by Kaipu Biological Company,and the content of most nutrient compositions were determined.The results showed that the percentage of crude protein content of the degummed kelp is 19.85%, total energy was up to 14.55MJ/Kg, crude fat content is 2.37%,crude fibre content is 9.12% thick ash content is 25.29%, mannitol content is 0.10%, iodine content is 0.17%.Compared with laminaria japonica , total energy , crude protein and crude fat content of the degummed kelp significantly increased .The mineral elements content of the degummed kelp also significantly increased except for K、Na、Mg、Cu、I.
Exp two The effect of dietary the powder of degummed kelp on growth performance of broilers.
A total of 300 one-day-old AA broilers were randomly divided into five groups with 6 replicates and each replicate contained 10 chicks. They wear fed diets with different degummed kelp levels respectively (0, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%).The chicks were fed for 6 weeks. During the 42-d growth assay, one broiler of each cage were chosen and slaughtered after blood collected at 21d and 42d. We calculated growth performance on 21d and 42d. The results showed that: compared with the control treatment during 1-21d, when dietary degummed kelp was get up to 4%, ADG and average weight of broilers significantly decreased (P<0.05) and FCR of broilers significantly increased (P<0.05), but no significance were observed on ADFI (P>0.05). The inclusion of dietary degummed kelp had no significant difference on growth performance compared with the control treatment during 22-42d and 1-42d.
Exp. three The effect of dietary the powder of degummed kelp on meat quality of broilers
Experiment diet and treatments were same to Exp.two. One broiler of each replicate were randomly chosen and slaughtered at 42d.The breast muscle and leg muscle of each broiler were collected to index for meat quality test. The results showed that meat quality was significant difference among breast muscle and leg muscle after dietary degummed kelp. Dietary degummed kelp could significantly improve breast muscle color (P <0.05), but had no effect on the leg muscle color (P> 0.05); Add more than 1% of the powder of degummed kelp could significantly improve the pH of breast muscle (P <0.05), the leg muscle pH was not significantly effected (P> 0.05);The effect on shear force was no significant difference among breast muscle and leg muscle; Dietary degummed kelp had significantly increased water and protein content, and had no significantly effects on the fat and cholesterol content in breast muscle; Nutritive composition of leg muscle were not affected by degummed kelp, but it could reduced the cholesterol content in leg muscle significantly(P<0.05).
Exp.four The effect of dietary the powder of degummed kelp on lipid metabolism of broiler
Experiment diet and treatments were same to Exp.two.The results showed that appropriate amounts of dietary degummed kelp could regulate the lipid metabolism of broiler,dieary degummed kelp 4% could significant decrease intramuscular, inter- muscular fat deposition fat depth (p<0.05),and percentage of abdominal fat (p<0.05) of 21d broilers. compared with the control treatment , the content of serum HDL-C and the ratio of HDL-C/TC were increased significantly (p<0.05),but dieary degummed kelp had no significantly effect on the TC、TG in serum.That is to say, on the whole growing stage of broiler, when dietary 4% degummed kelp, on the premise not effecting ADG, it could not only improve the feed utilization ratio of broiler, but also regulate lipid metabolism by effecting the decomposition and transfer of fat.
试验一脱胶海带粉营养成分测定
脱胶海带粉由山东荣成凯普生物公司提供。对其蛋白质、总能、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、多糖、甘露醇、矿物元素等多种成分进行了测定。结果表明,脱胶海带粉中含粗蛋白19.85%、总能量14.55MJ/Kg、粗脂肪2.37%、粗纤维9.12%、多糖0.26%、粗灰分25.29%、甘露醇0.10%、碘0.173%、;与海带比较结果表明,脱胶海带粉中能量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪的含量显著增加;矿物元素中,除K、Na、Mg、Cu、I外,其它矿物元素的含量都有明显增加。
试验二脱胶海带粉对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响
试验选用1日龄AA商品代肉仔鸡300只鸡随机分成5个处理组,每组设6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组为在基础日粮中分别添加0.5%,1%,2%,4%的脱胶海带粉。饲养试验为期42天,在21日龄和42日龄统计生产性能。结果表明,与对照组相比,在1-21日龄时,试验各组之间的日采食量差异不显著(P>0.05),添加4%脱胶海带粉组显著降低了肉仔鸡的日增重6.99%(P<0.05),饲料转化率显著升高(P<0.05),21日龄平均体重显著降低(P<0.05)。各试验组与对照组相比,脱胶海带粉对22-42日龄和1-42日龄肉仔鸡生产性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。
试验三脱胶海带粉对肉仔鸡肌肉品质的影响
试验日粮及试验处理同试验一,42日龄时每个重复随机取1只鸡屠宰,取胸肌和腿肌用于肌肉品质指标的检测。试验结果表明,脱胶海带粉对胸肌和腿肌品质的影响具有显著差异:可以显著改善胸肌肉色( P<0.05 ),对腿肌肉色无影响(P>0.05);添加1%以上的脱胶海带粉可以显著提高胸肌的pH值( P<0.05 ),对腿肌的pH值没有显著影响(P>0.05);对胸肌和腿肌的剪切力无显著影响(P>0.05);显著增加胸肌中粗蛋白和水分的含量( P<0.05 ),对其脂肪和胆固醇含量没有显著影响(P>0.05),显著降低了腿肌中胆固醇的含量( P<0.05 ),对其粗蛋白、水分和脂肪含量没有显著影响(P>0.05)。
试验四脱胶海带粉的对肉仔鸡脂质代谢的影响
试验日粮及试验处理同试验一。结果表明,在肉鸡日粮中添加脱胶海带粉显著影响了肉仔鸡前期脂肪沉积,当添加量达到4%时,可显著减少腹脂及肌内、肌间脂肪沉积(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,添加脱胶海带粉组可以增加血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量,提高HDL-C/TC比值,降低排泄物中脂肪含量,但对血清总胆固醇TC、甘油三酯TG含量的影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:在肉仔鸡日粮中添加适宜量的脱胶海带粉对肉仔鸡的生长发育和脂质代谢具有一定的调节作用。即在肉仔鸡的整个生长期内,脱胶海带粉添加量为4%时,能在不影响肉仔鸡日增重的前提下降低肌内脂肪含量,并通过影响脂质的分解转运起到调节脂质代谢的作用。
Laminaria japonica is a natural healthy food and full of many valid compositions in it. On the industry, the utilization of the laminaria is focus on extracted the sodium alginate, iodine and a little mannitol. And the protein,fucoidan, dietary fiber and mineral elements which are necessarily favorable to animal health are content at the remainder. The remainder is referred as the powder of degummed kelp.The experiments were conduct to evaluate the effect of dietary the powder of degummed kelp substituting for a small portion of formulated diet on the growth performance,meat quality and lipid metabolism of broiler,then we could provid the theoretical basis for the application of degummed kelp in animal production according to the experiments results.
Exp. one Determination the powder of degummed kelp’s nutrient composition
The powder of degummed kelp was offered by Kaipu Biological Company,and the content of most nutrient compositions were determined.The results showed that the percentage of crude protein content of the degummed kelp is 19.85%, total energy was up to 14.55MJ/Kg, crude fat content is 2.37%,crude fibre content is 9.12% thick ash content is 25.29%, mannitol content is 0.10%, iodine content is 0.17%.Compared with laminaria japonica , total energy , crude protein and crude fat content of the degummed kelp significantly increased .The mineral elements content of the degummed kelp also significantly increased except for K、Na、Mg、Cu、I.
Exp two The effect of dietary the powder of degummed kelp on growth performance of broilers.
A total of 300 one-day-old AA broilers were randomly divided into five groups with 6 replicates and each replicate contained 10 chicks. They wear fed diets with different degummed kelp levels respectively (0, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%).The chicks were fed for 6 weeks. During the 42-d growth assay, one broiler of each cage were chosen and slaughtered after blood collected at 21d and 42d. We calculated growth performance on 21d and 42d. The results showed that: compared with the control treatment during 1-21d, when dietary degummed kelp was get up to 4%, ADG and average weight of broilers significantly decreased (P<0.05) and FCR of broilers significantly increased (P<0.05), but no significance were observed on ADFI (P>0.05). The inclusion of dietary degummed kelp had no significant difference on growth performance compared with the control treatment during 22-42d and 1-42d.
Exp. three The effect of dietary the powder of degummed kelp on meat quality of broilers
Experiment diet and treatments were same to Exp.two. One broiler of each replicate were randomly chosen and slaughtered at 42d.The breast muscle and leg muscle of each broiler were collected to index for meat quality test. The results showed that meat quality was significant difference among breast muscle and leg muscle after dietary degummed kelp. Dietary degummed kelp could significantly improve breast muscle color (P <0.05), but had no effect on the leg muscle color (P> 0.05); Add more than 1% of the powder of degummed kelp could significantly improve the pH of breast muscle (P <0.05), the leg muscle pH was not significantly effected (P> 0.05);The effect on shear force was no significant difference among breast muscle and leg muscle; Dietary degummed kelp had significantly increased water and protein content, and had no significantly effects on the fat and cholesterol content in breast muscle; Nutritive composition of leg muscle were not affected by degummed kelp, but it could reduced the cholesterol content in leg muscle significantly(P<0.05).
Exp.four The effect of dietary the powder of degummed kelp on lipid metabolism of broiler
Experiment diet and treatments were same to Exp.two.The results showed that appropriate amounts of dietary degummed kelp could regulate the lipid metabolism of broiler,dieary degummed kelp 4% could significant decrease intramuscular, inter- muscular fat deposition fat depth (p<0.05),and percentage of abdominal fat (p<0.05) of 21d broilers. compared with the control treatment , the content of serum HDL-C and the ratio of HDL-C/TC were increased significantly (p<0.05),but dieary degummed kelp had no significantly effect on the TC、TG in serum.That is to say, on the whole growing stage of broiler, when dietary 4% degummed kelp, on the premise not effecting ADG, it could not only improve the feed utilization ratio of broiler, but also regulate lipid metabolism by effecting the decomposition and transfer of fat.
引文
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