胃蛋白酶—胰酶两步法体外评定加酶饲料蛋白质消化率的研究
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摘要
本文采用胃蛋白酶-胰酶两步酶解法体外评定八种加酶饲料(豆粕、鱼粉、棉籽粕、菜籽粕、玉米、麸皮、仔猪料和肉鸭后期料)干物质和粗蛋白消化率。饲料先用胃蛋白酶在37℃下，作用10小时，然后加入胰酶39℃作用24小时。试验设置三个处理，分别为饲料不加酶制剂为对照组、加入不同外源酶制剂不经1.5小时预处理为试验Ⅰ组，加入不同外源酶制剂经1.5小时预处理为试验Ⅱ组。按试验方案消化后，分别计算三种处理饲料干物质和粗蛋白的消化率。结果表明：(1)饲料加酶后，两种处理条件下干物质消化率均有提高。棉籽粕和菜籽粕加酶后，提高了粗蛋白消化率，而且预处理组与未预处理组相比粗蛋白消化率显著提高(p＜0.05)。豆粕、鱼粉、麸皮、玉米四种饲料添加酶制剂后，粗蛋白消化率亦有提高，但经预处理组粗蛋白消化率低于未预处理组。仔猪科和肉鸭后期料，添加酶制剂后粗蛋白消化率呈下降趋势，而且预处理组粗蛋白消化率低于未预处理组。(2)同一种饲料，添加不同酶制剂，对饲料粗蛋白体外消化率的影响不同。玉米、仔猪料及菜籽粕添加不同酶制剂，两试验组各加酶组间粗蛋白消化率均差异不显著(P＞0.05)；豆粕加酶D后未经预处理粗蛋白消化率最高，而且显著高于酶E、F两组(P＜0.05)，但与酶A、B、C组差异不显著(P＞0.05)。棉籽粕加酶C经过预处理后粗蛋白消化率最高，但只与加酶A组差异显著(P＜0.05)；同时酶F组与酶A组粗蛋白消化率差异亦显著(P＜0.05)。鱼粉加酶A未进行预处理，粗蛋白消化率最高，且与加酶B、C、D组差异显著(P＜0.05)，但与E、F两组无显著差异(P＞0.05)。肉鸭后期料加酶后未经过预处理，加酶B组粗蛋白消化率最高，且与E、F两组差异显著(P＜0.05)，但与其它三组无显著差异(P＞0.05)。麸皮加酶后未经预处理加酶D组粗蛋白消化率最高，而经过预处理组加酶F组粗蛋白消化率最高。由结果可知，大多数饲料经过预处理后，粗蛋白消化率低于未预处理组。预处理仅对棉籽粕和菜籽粕有效果。复合酶制剂中蛋白酶含量的增加及与α-淀粉酶的适宜比例均可提高饲料粗蛋白体外消化率。
A two-step enzymatic method of pepsin-pancreatin was used to evaluate the digestibility of dry matter and protein of eight feeds(soybean meal, fish meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, corn, wheat-bran, piglet ration and meat-strain duck finished feed). The feeds were pretreated for 10 hours at 37癈, then pancreatin was added and incubated for 24 hours at 39癈. Three treatments were designed and six different enzyme preparations were used. The feeds without enzyme was the control group. Feeds with enzyme not pretreated for 1. 5 hours was experiment group I and feeds with enzyme pretreated for 1. 5 hours was experiment group II. After incubation, the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein of each group were calculated respectively. The results showed: (1) The digestibility of dry matter of all samples with enzyme were increased than the control group. The protein digestibility of cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal were increased after enzyme added, and the digestibility of group II were increased significantly compared to that of group I (p<0.05). The protein digestibility of soybean meal, fish meal , wheat-bran and corn were increased, too. The digestibility of piglet ration and meat-strain duck finished feed were decreased. The protein digestibility of all feeds except for cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal of group II was lower than that of group I, but there were no significant difference between them. (2) Supplement different enzymes, there were no significant difference in the protein digestibility of corn, piglet ration and rapeseed meal between each supplement enzymes in the two treatments(p>0. 05). The protein digestibility of soybean meal with enzyme D was the highest than all of the others. There was significant difference between the digestibility of soybean meal with enzyme D and with enzyme E and F(p<0. 05). The protein digestibility of cottonseed meal with enzyme C in group II was the highest and it is different significantly to that with enzyme A. (p<0. 05). After enzyme A was added to the fish meal and pretreated for 1.5 hours , the digestibility was the highest. There was significant difference between the digestibility of fish meal with enzyme A and with enzyme B, C and D. The protein digestibility of meat-strain duck finished feed with enzyme B was the highest, and the digestibility between enzyme B and enzyme E and F were different significantly (p<0. 05). After enzyme D was added to wheat-bran and not pretreated, the digestibility was the highest while with enzyme F, the protein digestibility was the highest after 1.5 hours pretreatment.
A two-step enzymatic method of pepsin-pancreatin was used to evaluate the digestibility of dry matter and protein of eight feeds(soybean meal, fish meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, corn, wheat-bran, piglet ration and meat-strain duck finished feed). The feeds were pretreated for 10 hours at 37癈, then pancreatin was added and incubated for 24 hours at 39癈. Three treatments were designed and six different enzyme preparations were used. The feeds without enzyme was the control group. Feeds with enzyme not pretreated for 1. 5 hours was experiment group I and feeds with enzyme pretreated for 1. 5 hours was experiment group II. After incubation, the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein of each group were calculated respectively. The results showed: (1) The digestibility of dry matter of all samples with enzyme were increased than the control group. The protein digestibility of cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal were increased after enzyme added, and the digestibility of group II were increased significantly compared to that of group I (p<0.05). The protein digestibility of soybean meal, fish meal , wheat-bran and corn were increased, too. The digestibility of piglet ration and meat-strain duck finished feed were decreased. The protein digestibility of all feeds except for cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal of group II was lower than that of group I, but there were no significant difference between them. (2) Supplement different enzymes, there were no significant difference in the protein digestibility of corn, piglet ration and rapeseed meal between each supplement enzymes in the two treatments(p>0. 05). The protein digestibility of soybean meal with enzyme D was the highest than all of the others. There was significant difference between the digestibility of soybean meal with enzyme D and with enzyme E and F(p<0. 05). The protein digestibility of cottonseed meal with enzyme C in group II was the highest and it is different significantly to that with enzyme A. (p<0. 05). After enzyme A was added to the fish meal and pretreated for 1.5 hours , the digestibility was the highest. There was significant difference between the digestibility of fish meal with enzyme A and with enzyme B, C and D. The protein digestibility of meat-strain duck finished feed with enzyme B was the highest, and the digestibility between enzyme B and enzyme E and F were different significantly (p<0. 05). After enzyme D was added to wheat-bran and not pretreated, the digestibility was the highest while with enzyme F, the protein digestibility was the highest after 1.5 hours pretreatment.
引文
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