大跨度斜拉桥非线性地震反应时程分析及减、隔震研究
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摘要
地震作为一种破坏力巨大而又难以预料的自然灾害,其强震的发生往往会带来巨大的生命财产损失。而大跨度桥梁,作为交通枢纽工程和生命线工程的重要组成部分,一旦损坏,将给抗震救灾带来很大的不便。因此,对桥梁的抗震性能进行全面、系统的研究将是十分必要的。
本文以斜拉桥作为研究对象,对斜拉桥非线性静动力特性、一致激励和非一致激励下的地震反应以及减、隔震措施进行了系统的研究,主要工作包括以下几个方面:
1、综述了国内外大跨度桥梁地震反应研究的发展历史和现状,介绍了桥梁结构地震反应分析时地震波的选择与输入方法。
2、基于非线性有限元理论,推导了几何非线性问题的平衡方程。引入等效弹性模量E eq的概念来计及斜拉索垂度效应的影响;引入稳定性函数的概念和几何刚度矩阵来计及塔梁单元受轴力和弯矩作用组合效应的影响,并推导了索单元和塔梁单元计及各项非线性影响的刚度方程和斜拉桥作空间结构分析时的稳定性函数。通过对比分析,将带动坐标的混合法应用于斜拉桥非线性计算分析。
3、在斜拉桥静力分析方面,考虑了斜拉桥的各项几何非线性(斜拉索的垂度效应、弯矩和轴向力的组合效应以及结构大变形效应)的影响,编制了相应的计算程序,并用于斜拉桥的成桥状态空间计算分析。具体以两个斜拉桥模型(主跨分别为335米和670米)为例,进行了详细的非线性计算分析,与线性分析结果进行了比较,并讨论了斜拉桥的各项几何非线性因素对计算结果的影响,为动力分析奠定了基础。
4、建立了大跨度斜拉桥非线性一致激励与多点激励下的地震运动方程,并对非线性运动方程的数值求解方法进行了初步分析。讨论了大跨度斜拉桥动力分析中质量矩阵、刚度矩阵和阻尼矩阵的处理方法以及斜拉桥动力分析模型的建立方法。在此基础上,分别用空间梁单元模拟主梁和索塔,利用索单元模拟斜拉索,建立了三维空间有限元模型,对上述两个斜拉桥模型分别进行了动力特性对比分析和一致激励与多点激励下的非线性地震反应时程分析。
5、以主跨460米武汉军山长江大桥为例,运用自编程序,进行了成桥状态索力计算,并详细分析了其动力特性以及该桥在确定性地震动下的一致激励和行波激励时的非线性地震反应,为该类大跨度斜拉桥的抗震分析和设计提供了参考依据。
6、以武汉军山长江大桥为工程背景,研究了在地震作用下,分别使用铅芯橡胶支座(LRB)和粘弹性阻尼器(VED)以及两种装置共同使用时桥梁的反应,为该桥维修加固时考虑减、隔震设计提供理论参考。
7、最后对本文的研究工作进行了总结,给出所得的主要结论,并指出了还需进一步研究和解决的问题。
Earthquake is a kind of natural disaster which is difficult to predict and the damage degree is very great, occurrence of the strong motion often leads to the tremendous life and property loss. As an important part of the traffic key project and the lifeline engineering, will bring great inconvenience to the resist seismic and rescue of the people when subjected to damage. Therefore, it is very necessary to conduct the comprehensive and systemic investigation on the bridge aseismic.
In this dissertation, the nonlinear static and dynamic characteristic and seismic responses under uniform and non-uniform excitations of cable-stayed bridge structure are systematic studied. And the following work and achievements are included.
1. Summarize the research development and status quo of the long-span bridge structures and choice and input of the earthquake ground motion.
2. Deduce the equilibrium equation on the base of nonlinear FEM theory. The Eeq is used to calculate the cable sag effect; axial force-bending moment interaction in the bridge deck and towers is considered by stability founction and geometric stiff matrix. And the stability function is deduced in this analysis. About the solution method of the nonlinear equaiton,the iterative procedure with dynamic coordinate is proposed in this thesis.
3. All sources of geometric nonlinearity are considered in the nonlinear static analysis and a finite element computation program is developed and debugged. Two cable-stayed bridge models with its main span of 335m and 670m respectively are analyzed. And the results of the linear and nonlinear static analysis are compared in detail, And the influence of each nonlinear resource of it are studied, which are the base of dynamic analysis.
4. The nonlinear motion equations of long-span bridges subjected to the uniform and multiple-support excitations are deduced. And the mathematic solution method of them are primary analyze. The treatment of mass matrix, the stiff matrix, the damp matrix and the dynamic model of cable-stayed bridges in the analysis concluded in this research. A comprehensive study on the above mentioned two cable-stayed bridge models on the base of the theory are conducted.
5. The dynamic characteristic and the seismic response of Wuhan Junshan Yangtze Bridge whose main span is 460m under uniform and non-uniform excitations are studied in this dissertation. The cable forces of it are computed using the self developed program. The results of it can have some reference meaning in the asesmic design and construction of this kind of bridges structure.
6.The seismic response of the Wuhan Junshan Yangtze Bridge when using the LRB or VED of LRB+VED base is researched. The results of it can have some reference meaning in the seismic isolating of this kind of bridges structure.
7. Finally, the work in this paper is summarized and some conclusions about the study are drawn, besides, the further research problems are indicated.
本文以斜拉桥作为研究对象,对斜拉桥非线性静动力特性、一致激励和非一致激励下的地震反应以及减、隔震措施进行了系统的研究,主要工作包括以下几个方面:
1、综述了国内外大跨度桥梁地震反应研究的发展历史和现状,介绍了桥梁结构地震反应分析时地震波的选择与输入方法。
2、基于非线性有限元理论,推导了几何非线性问题的平衡方程。引入等效弹性模量E eq的概念来计及斜拉索垂度效应的影响;引入稳定性函数的概念和几何刚度矩阵来计及塔梁单元受轴力和弯矩作用组合效应的影响,并推导了索单元和塔梁单元计及各项非线性影响的刚度方程和斜拉桥作空间结构分析时的稳定性函数。通过对比分析,将带动坐标的混合法应用于斜拉桥非线性计算分析。
3、在斜拉桥静力分析方面,考虑了斜拉桥的各项几何非线性(斜拉索的垂度效应、弯矩和轴向力的组合效应以及结构大变形效应)的影响,编制了相应的计算程序,并用于斜拉桥的成桥状态空间计算分析。具体以两个斜拉桥模型(主跨分别为335米和670米)为例,进行了详细的非线性计算分析,与线性分析结果进行了比较,并讨论了斜拉桥的各项几何非线性因素对计算结果的影响,为动力分析奠定了基础。
4、建立了大跨度斜拉桥非线性一致激励与多点激励下的地震运动方程,并对非线性运动方程的数值求解方法进行了初步分析。讨论了大跨度斜拉桥动力分析中质量矩阵、刚度矩阵和阻尼矩阵的处理方法以及斜拉桥动力分析模型的建立方法。在此基础上,分别用空间梁单元模拟主梁和索塔,利用索单元模拟斜拉索,建立了三维空间有限元模型,对上述两个斜拉桥模型分别进行了动力特性对比分析和一致激励与多点激励下的非线性地震反应时程分析。
5、以主跨460米武汉军山长江大桥为例,运用自编程序,进行了成桥状态索力计算,并详细分析了其动力特性以及该桥在确定性地震动下的一致激励和行波激励时的非线性地震反应,为该类大跨度斜拉桥的抗震分析和设计提供了参考依据。
6、以武汉军山长江大桥为工程背景,研究了在地震作用下,分别使用铅芯橡胶支座(LRB)和粘弹性阻尼器(VED)以及两种装置共同使用时桥梁的反应,为该桥维修加固时考虑减、隔震设计提供理论参考。
7、最后对本文的研究工作进行了总结,给出所得的主要结论,并指出了还需进一步研究和解决的问题。
Earthquake is a kind of natural disaster which is difficult to predict and the damage degree is very great, occurrence of the strong motion often leads to the tremendous life and property loss. As an important part of the traffic key project and the lifeline engineering, will bring great inconvenience to the resist seismic and rescue of the people when subjected to damage. Therefore, it is very necessary to conduct the comprehensive and systemic investigation on the bridge aseismic.
In this dissertation, the nonlinear static and dynamic characteristic and seismic responses under uniform and non-uniform excitations of cable-stayed bridge structure are systematic studied. And the following work and achievements are included.
1. Summarize the research development and status quo of the long-span bridge structures and choice and input of the earthquake ground motion.
2. Deduce the equilibrium equation on the base of nonlinear FEM theory. The Eeq is used to calculate the cable sag effect; axial force-bending moment interaction in the bridge deck and towers is considered by stability founction and geometric stiff matrix. And the stability function is deduced in this analysis. About the solution method of the nonlinear equaiton,the iterative procedure with dynamic coordinate is proposed in this thesis.
3. All sources of geometric nonlinearity are considered in the nonlinear static analysis and a finite element computation program is developed and debugged. Two cable-stayed bridge models with its main span of 335m and 670m respectively are analyzed. And the results of the linear and nonlinear static analysis are compared in detail, And the influence of each nonlinear resource of it are studied, which are the base of dynamic analysis.
4. The nonlinear motion equations of long-span bridges subjected to the uniform and multiple-support excitations are deduced. And the mathematic solution method of them are primary analyze. The treatment of mass matrix, the stiff matrix, the damp matrix and the dynamic model of cable-stayed bridges in the analysis concluded in this research. A comprehensive study on the above mentioned two cable-stayed bridge models on the base of the theory are conducted.
5. The dynamic characteristic and the seismic response of Wuhan Junshan Yangtze Bridge whose main span is 460m under uniform and non-uniform excitations are studied in this dissertation. The cable forces of it are computed using the self developed program. The results of it can have some reference meaning in the asesmic design and construction of this kind of bridges structure.
6.The seismic response of the Wuhan Junshan Yangtze Bridge when using the LRB or VED of LRB+VED base is researched. The results of it can have some reference meaning in the seismic isolating of this kind of bridges structure.
7. Finally, the work in this paper is summarized and some conclusions about the study are drawn, besides, the further research problems are indicated.
引文
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