大庆原油启动触变特性研究
|
摘要
本文以大庆含蜡原油为油样,针对具有一定热历史和剪切历史的大庆胶凝原油在较低温度下的初次裂降过程进行分析,研究各种历史条件下的初次裂降规律。分析了在初次裂降时,单位时间裂降速率受启动温度、静态降温间隔和启动剪切速率的影响。在大量实验的基础上,针对几种用于描述初次裂降曲线的触变模式方程的适用性进行分析,发现双曲模式方程在拟合大庆含蜡原油初次裂降曲线方面效果较好,对双曲模式方程中的各参数进行了进一步分析,并采用多元线性回归的统计方法建立了双曲模型方程中各参数受启动温度、静态降温间隔和启动剪切速率各因素影响的函数关系式;另外,还利用了前馈BP人工神经网络方法对大庆原油的初次裂降过程进行模仿训练,通过设计合理的神经网络,能够以任意精度逼近任意复杂的非线性映射,并且该模型的表达是非解析的。另外,由于初次裂降曲线上最高点及剪切平衡点的特殊性,分别建立了启动剪切应力和平衡剪应力与各影响因素的多元线性函数关系式。
The thixotropic properties of Daqing gelled crude oil which has certain heat history and shear history during its first breakdown are studied in this paper. The rate of the crude oil breakdown and its influencing factors such as the restart temperature, the static temperature drop and the restart shear rate are analyzed. A series of thixotropic models are examined based on the experiments to see their fitting effects. The results show that the hyperbolic model is more proper in fitting the experimental curves. The parameters in this model are further discussed. Through the multiple linear regression method, a functional expression describing the relation between the characteristic parameters in the hyperbolic model and the influential factors including the restart temperature, the static temperature drop and the restart shear rate is deduced; Futhermore, a computation method of crude oil thixotropy parameters using feed-forward BP network is put forward. The simulation results show that this method is of high accuracy and not dependent on function form. Besides, the peak point and the equilibrium point on the thixotropic curve are of special importance that the relaitons between these two points and the influential factors are set up respectively.
The thixotropic properties of Daqing gelled crude oil which has certain heat history and shear history during its first breakdown are studied in this paper. The rate of the crude oil breakdown and its influencing factors such as the restart temperature, the static temperature drop and the restart shear rate are analyzed. A series of thixotropic models are examined based on the experiments to see their fitting effects. The results show that the hyperbolic model is more proper in fitting the experimental curves. The parameters in this model are further discussed. Through the multiple linear regression method, a functional expression describing the relation between the characteristic parameters in the hyperbolic model and the influential factors including the restart temperature, the static temperature drop and the restart shear rate is deduced; Futhermore, a computation method of crude oil thixotropy parameters using feed-forward BP network is put forward. The simulation results show that this method is of high accuracy and not dependent on function form. Besides, the peak point and the equilibrium point on the thixotropic curve are of special importance that the relaitons between these two points and the influential factors are set up respectively.
引文
[1] 罗哲鸣,李传宪.原油流变性及测量.东营:石油大学出版社,1994:35-116.
[2] Howard A.Barnes.Thixotropy-a review.J.Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech,70(1997):1-33.
[3] Moussa Kane et al.Morphology of paraffin crystals in waxy crude oil cooled in quiescent conditions and under flow.Fuel,January, 2003(82),127-135.
[4] D. C-H Cheng.Yield stress-A time-dependent property and how to measure it.Rheol. Acta. 1986, 25:542-554.
[5] R. Thomas.Flow Properties of Difficult-To-Handle Waxy Crude Oil.J. P. T., 1979, 8:1042-1050.
[6] 陈宏建,张帆,张劲军.触变性原油再启动压力的计算.油气储运,2004,23(6):20-22.
[7] 蒋永兴等.胶凝原油流变学特征.油气储运,1989,8(6):6-13.
[8] 曹学文.濮阳原油流变性的研究:[硕士学位论文],中国石油大学(华东),山东东营:1992.
[9] Ritter R,Govier G.The Development and Evaluation of A Theory of Thixotropic Behavior.[J]Can J of Chem Eng,1970,48:505-513.
[10] 杜云.含蜡原油的触变特性:[硕士学位论文],中国石油大学(华东),山东东营:1992.
[11] 张足斌,张国忠.含蜡原油管道流动的触变性研究.石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,25(4):72-74.
[12] 刘刚,张国忠等.胶凝原油粘弹—触变方程.石油大学学报(自然科学版)2003,27(6):1-7.
[13] Phung Dinh Thuc,Ha Van Bich,,Tong Canh Son. A New Approach to Study on Thixotropic properties of Wax Crude Oils from Dragon and White Tiger Fields Offshore Vietnam.SPE 54374,1999:349-355.
[14] 董平省,张国忠,扈新军.描述含蜡原油触变特性的一种新模式.油气储运,2005,24(2):29-32.
[15] 侯磊,张劲军.基于粘弹性分析的含蜡原油触变性研究.石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005,29(4):84-86.
[16]Ashutosh Mujumdar, Antony N.Beris*.Transient Phenomena in Thixotropic Systems.J.Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech,2002,102:157-178.
[17] 刘天佑.原油长输管道启动压力研究,油气储运,1997,16(12):7-13.
[18] Dafan Yan et al.Rheological Properties of Daqing Crude Oil and Their Application in Pipeline Transportation.SPE 14854:267-276.
[19] 刘刚.胶凝原油管流特性研究:[博士学位论文], 中国石油大学(华东),山东东营:2003.
[20] G Cazaux et al.Waxy crude cold start: Assessment through gel structural properties. SPE 49213:729-739
[21] 刘海丽.低温大庆原油启动变形特性研究:[硕士学位论文],中国石油大学(华东),山东东营:2005.
[22] 邓燕.大庆原油流变性研究:[硕士学位论文],中国石油大学(华东),山东东营:2003.
[23] 常兆光等.随机数据处理方法.山东东营:石油大学出版社,1997:173-178.
[24] 韩力群等.人工神经网络理论、设计及应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2002:51-57.
[25] 李爱军,李贺军.C/C 复合材料 CVⅠ工艺人工神经网络建模[J] .中国科学:E,2003,33(3):209-216.
[26] 陈雄波,高亚军.基于 BP 神经网络方法的高含砂流体极限剪应力计算[J] .水利水运工程学报,2002(1):44-48.
[27] 赵宗昌等.基于 BP 人工神经网络的含蜡原油触变应力计算.大连理工大学学报,2005,45(2):181-185.
[2] Howard A.Barnes.Thixotropy-a review.J.Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech,70(1997):1-33.
[3] Moussa Kane et al.Morphology of paraffin crystals in waxy crude oil cooled in quiescent conditions and under flow.Fuel,January, 2003(82),127-135.
[4] D. C-H Cheng.Yield stress-A time-dependent property and how to measure it.Rheol. Acta. 1986, 25:542-554.
[5] R. Thomas.Flow Properties of Difficult-To-Handle Waxy Crude Oil.J. P. T., 1979, 8:1042-1050.
[6] 陈宏建,张帆,张劲军.触变性原油再启动压力的计算.油气储运,2004,23(6):20-22.
[7] 蒋永兴等.胶凝原油流变学特征.油气储运,1989,8(6):6-13.
[8] 曹学文.濮阳原油流变性的研究:[硕士学位论文],中国石油大学(华东),山东东营:1992.
[9] Ritter R,Govier G.The Development and Evaluation of A Theory of Thixotropic Behavior.[J]Can J of Chem Eng,1970,48:505-513.
[10] 杜云.含蜡原油的触变特性:[硕士学位论文],中国石油大学(华东),山东东营:1992.
[11] 张足斌,张国忠.含蜡原油管道流动的触变性研究.石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,25(4):72-74.
[12] 刘刚,张国忠等.胶凝原油粘弹—触变方程.石油大学学报(自然科学版)2003,27(6):1-7.
[13] Phung Dinh Thuc,Ha Van Bich,,Tong Canh Son. A New Approach to Study on Thixotropic properties of Wax Crude Oils from Dragon and White Tiger Fields Offshore Vietnam.SPE 54374,1999:349-355.
[14] 董平省,张国忠,扈新军.描述含蜡原油触变特性的一种新模式.油气储运,2005,24(2):29-32.
[15] 侯磊,张劲军.基于粘弹性分析的含蜡原油触变性研究.石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005,29(4):84-86.
[16]Ashutosh Mujumdar, Antony N.Beris*.Transient Phenomena in Thixotropic Systems.J.Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech,2002,102:157-178.
[17] 刘天佑.原油长输管道启动压力研究,油气储运,1997,16(12):7-13.
[18] Dafan Yan et al.Rheological Properties of Daqing Crude Oil and Their Application in Pipeline Transportation.SPE 14854:267-276.
[19] 刘刚.胶凝原油管流特性研究:[博士学位论文], 中国石油大学(华东),山东东营:2003.
[20] G Cazaux et al.Waxy crude cold start: Assessment through gel structural properties. SPE 49213:729-739
[21] 刘海丽.低温大庆原油启动变形特性研究:[硕士学位论文],中国石油大学(华东),山东东营:2005.
[22] 邓燕.大庆原油流变性研究:[硕士学位论文],中国石油大学(华东),山东东营:2003.
[23] 常兆光等.随机数据处理方法.山东东营:石油大学出版社,1997:173-178.
[24] 韩力群等.人工神经网络理论、设计及应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2002:51-57.
[25] 李爱军,李贺军.C/C 复合材料 CVⅠ工艺人工神经网络建模[J] .中国科学:E,2003,33(3):209-216.
[26] 陈雄波,高亚军.基于 BP 神经网络方法的高含砂流体极限剪应力计算[J] .水利水运工程学报,2002(1):44-48.
[27] 赵宗昌等.基于 BP 人工神经网络的含蜡原油触变应力计算.大连理工大学学报,2005,45(2):181-185.