基于C型弹簧管的光纤布拉格光栅压力传感技术研究
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摘要
光纤光栅是近年来发展最为迅速的光纤无源器件之一。由于它具有许多独特优点，因而在光纤通信、光纤传感等领域有着广阔的应用前景。
光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)是一种光纤折射率受到周期调制的光纤型器件，该调制使光纤内传输的光信号的不同模式进行耦合，其作用相当于一个高反射窄带光反射镜。利用光纤布拉格光栅作为敏感元件的传感器，可对应力、温度、压力、加速度等多个外界量进行精确的检测。作为课题的关键器件，它的特性直接影响实验结果。
本文系统阐述了光纤布拉格光栅的基本理论，包括：光纤光栅的分类、写入方法以及应用；利用耦合模理论分析了光纤布拉格光栅的光谱特性；分析了光纤布拉格光栅温度和应变的传感原理。通过温度传感实验，得出了与理论值较吻合的光纤布拉格光栅温度灵敏度系数。
设计了一种基于C型弹簧管的光纤布拉格光栅传感结构，以光纤布拉格光栅对应变敏感的特性以及C型压力弹簧管表面应力分析为理论基础，将光纤布拉格光栅粘贴于C型压力弹簧管上的特定位置，将引入C型弹簧管的压力转化为光纤布拉格光栅中心波长的漂移量。通过压力传感实验，得到压力与光纤布拉格光栅中心波长漂移量的线性关系式。同时，基于温度传感实验和压力传感实验，设计了光纤布拉格光栅温度补偿实验，验证了参考FBG温度补偿的方法。
论文的创新点是设计了一套新颖的基于C型弹簧管的光纤光栅压力传感实验系统；提出了一种新颖的基于C型弹簧管的光纤布拉格光栅粘贴方式，通过理论数据的推导，并与其他粘贴方式进行比较，本文提出的方案使得压力传感灵敏度显著提高；温度补偿实验验证了参考FBG温度补偿法的可行性。
Optical fibre grating is one of the optical fibre passive devices which have great development in recent years. Because of its unique advantages, it has brilliant prospect in field of fibre communication and sensing.
Fibre Bragg grating(FBG) is an optical device of its refraction modulated period, which makes different modules of optical signal coupled in fibre. Its use equals a reflector of high refection. When it is used to a sensor system, it can check strain, temperature, pressure,acceleration, etc. As the key device of the experiment, its character directly influences the result of experiment.
The basic theory for FBG has discussed in detail in this article.We introduced the classification of fibre grating、the method for creating fibre grating and its application. We used the model-coupled theory to analyze the spectrum character of FBG , based on which, we analysed the temperature and strain sensing principle of FBG. By temperature sensing experiment, we got a FBG temperature sensitivity coefficient which corresponded to the principle value.
In this article, the structure design of a fibre Bragg grating sensor based on the C-shaped elastic tube has been put forward. Based on the FBG strain sensing character and the analysis of surface strain of C-shaped elastic tube, by bending the FBG on a special position of C-shaped elastic tube, we converted the pressure transfered into the C-shaped elastic tube to the central wavelength drift of FBG. By strain sensing experiment, wo got a linear relation expression between the pressure and the central wavelength drift of FBG. Meanwhile, based on temperature sensing experiment and strain sensing experiment, we designed a FBG temperature compensation experiment, by which, the method of reference FBG temperature compensation had been certified.
The originality innovation of this article is that we designed a novel experiment system for FBG pressure sensing on C-shaped elastic tube; a novel bending method of FBG had been put forward. By deducing the theoretical data and comparing with the other bending method, pressure sensing sensitivity had been improved remarkablely. FBG temperature compensation experiment certifid the feasibility of the method of reference FBG temperature compensation.
光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)是一种光纤折射率受到周期调制的光纤型器件，该调制使光纤内传输的光信号的不同模式进行耦合，其作用相当于一个高反射窄带光反射镜。利用光纤布拉格光栅作为敏感元件的传感器，可对应力、温度、压力、加速度等多个外界量进行精确的检测。作为课题的关键器件，它的特性直接影响实验结果。
本文系统阐述了光纤布拉格光栅的基本理论，包括：光纤光栅的分类、写入方法以及应用；利用耦合模理论分析了光纤布拉格光栅的光谱特性；分析了光纤布拉格光栅温度和应变的传感原理。通过温度传感实验，得出了与理论值较吻合的光纤布拉格光栅温度灵敏度系数。
设计了一种基于C型弹簧管的光纤布拉格光栅传感结构，以光纤布拉格光栅对应变敏感的特性以及C型压力弹簧管表面应力分析为理论基础，将光纤布拉格光栅粘贴于C型压力弹簧管上的特定位置，将引入C型弹簧管的压力转化为光纤布拉格光栅中心波长的漂移量。通过压力传感实验，得到压力与光纤布拉格光栅中心波长漂移量的线性关系式。同时，基于温度传感实验和压力传感实验，设计了光纤布拉格光栅温度补偿实验，验证了参考FBG温度补偿的方法。
论文的创新点是设计了一套新颖的基于C型弹簧管的光纤光栅压力传感实验系统；提出了一种新颖的基于C型弹簧管的光纤布拉格光栅粘贴方式，通过理论数据的推导，并与其他粘贴方式进行比较，本文提出的方案使得压力传感灵敏度显著提高；温度补偿实验验证了参考FBG温度补偿法的可行性。
Optical fibre grating is one of the optical fibre passive devices which have great development in recent years. Because of its unique advantages, it has brilliant prospect in field of fibre communication and sensing.
Fibre Bragg grating(FBG) is an optical device of its refraction modulated period, which makes different modules of optical signal coupled in fibre. Its use equals a reflector of high refection. When it is used to a sensor system, it can check strain, temperature, pressure,acceleration, etc. As the key device of the experiment, its character directly influences the result of experiment.
The basic theory for FBG has discussed in detail in this article.We introduced the classification of fibre grating、the method for creating fibre grating and its application. We used the model-coupled theory to analyze the spectrum character of FBG , based on which, we analysed the temperature and strain sensing principle of FBG. By temperature sensing experiment, we got a FBG temperature sensitivity coefficient which corresponded to the principle value.
In this article, the structure design of a fibre Bragg grating sensor based on the C-shaped elastic tube has been put forward. Based on the FBG strain sensing character and the analysis of surface strain of C-shaped elastic tube, by bending the FBG on a special position of C-shaped elastic tube, we converted the pressure transfered into the C-shaped elastic tube to the central wavelength drift of FBG. By strain sensing experiment, wo got a linear relation expression between the pressure and the central wavelength drift of FBG. Meanwhile, based on temperature sensing experiment and strain sensing experiment, we designed a FBG temperature compensation experiment, by which, the method of reference FBG temperature compensation had been certified.
The originality innovation of this article is that we designed a novel experiment system for FBG pressure sensing on C-shaped elastic tube; a novel bending method of FBG had been put forward. By deducing the theoretical data and comparing with the other bending method, pressure sensing sensitivity had been improved remarkablely. FBG temperature compensation experiment certifid the feasibility of the method of reference FBG temperature compensation.
引文
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[2] Byoungho Lee. Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors[J]. Optical Fiber Technology, 2003, 57-79.
[3] Born M, Wolf E. Principle of Optics[M]. Cambridge University Press: UK, 1999, 7th
[4] Solymar L, Cooke D J. Volume Holography and Volume Gratings[M]. Academic Press: London, 1981
[5] Jef Hecht. City of Light: The Story of Fiber Optics[M]. Oxford University Press: NewYork, 1999
[6] Hill K O, Fujii Y, Johnson D C, Kawasaki B S. Photosensitivity in Optical Fiber Waveguides: Application to Reflection Filter Fabrication[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 1978, 32(10): 647-649
[7] Bogue R W. Seminar Report: Sensor Innovation and Technology Transfer Event 2003[J]. Sensor Review, 2004, 24(2): 129-136
[8] Kirkendall C K, Dandridge A. Anthony. Overview of High Performance Fibre-Optic Sensing[J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2004, 37(18): 197-216
[9] Webb D J. Optical-Fiber Sensors: An Overview[J]. Source: MRS Bulletin, 2002, 27(5): 365-369
[10] Vasiliev S A. Photoinduced Fiber Gratings[J]. SPIE, 2001, 4357: 1-12
[11] Bhatia V. Properties and Applications of Fiber Gratings, [J]. SPIE, 2001, 4417: 154-160
[12] 鲍吉龙，章献民，陈抗生．光纤光栅传感器及其应用[J]．激光技术，2000，24(3)：174～179
[13] 王启明，魏光辉，高以智．光子学技术[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．91-107
[14] GUAN BO, TAM H Y, TAO X M. Simultaneous strain and temperature measurement using a superstructure fiber Bragg grating[J]. IEEE Photon Technol Lett, 2000, 12(6): 675-677
[15] 姜德生，方炜炜．Bragg光纤光栅及其在传感中的应用[J]．传感器世界，2003，7：22-26
[16] 廖延彪．光纤光学[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2000
[17] 靳伟，廖延彪，张志鹏等．导波光学传感器：原理与技术[M]．北京：科学出版社，1998
[18] Jean-Luc Archambault ans Stephen G. Grubb. Fiber gratings in lasesrs and amplifers[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1997, 15(8): 1378-1390
[19] Y. J. Rao, "In-fiber Bragg gratings sensors"[J]. Meas. Sci.&Technol, 1997, 8(4): 355-357
[20] A. D. Kersey, M. A. Davis, H, J. Patrick, et al. "Fiber grating sensors."[J]. Lightwave Technol, 1997, 15 (8): 1442-1463
[21] C. R. Giles And V. M izrahi. Low-loss add/drop multiplexers of WDM lightwave network. [A]. Proc. IOOC 95, Hong Kong, 1995
[22] H.N. Rourke, S.R.Baker, et al. A low loss 4-channel wavelength demultiplexer based of fiber Bragg grating[A], Proc. ECOC'92, Oslo, Norway, 1996
[23] 钱颖．光纤光栅封装技术．长春邮电学院学报，2000，18(2)
[24] 关柏鸥．光纤光栅的温度增敏实验．光子学报，1999，28(1)
[25] 李智红，董孝义．正弦锥光纤光栅的数值计算分析．光子学报，1998，27(3)：239-242
[26] R. Kashyap, et al. Wideband gain flattened erbium fiber amplifier using a photosensitive fiber blazed grating[J]. El ectron. Lett., 1993(29): 154-156
[27] K. O. Hill, et al. Birefringent photosensitivity in monomode optical fiber: application to external writing of rocking filters[J]. Electron.Lett., 1991(27): 1548-1550
[28] 蒋英，庞翠珠．光纤光栅布拉格波长随温度和应力的变化及其补偿[M]．光通信技术，1999，23(5)
[29] Lemaire P J, Atkins R M, Mizrahi V, et al. High pressure Hloading as a techniqhef or achieving ultrahigh UV photosensitivity and therm a sensitivity in GeO-doped optical fibers[J]. Electro Lett, 1993, 29(13):1191-1192
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