氮磷钾配施对饲用玉米产量和品质的影响
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摘要
玉米饲用是当今玉米利用乃至整个农牧业协调发展的导向之一。长期以来,玉米供作饲料,重视的仅是籽粒的数量,而忽视了秸秆的研究利用与整体营养化的研究。本次研究于2004～2005连续2年采用311A设计,系统分析了氮磷钾配施对饲用玉米产量和品质的影响,以期为饲用玉米合理施用氮磷钾肥提供理论依据。试验结果表明:
1.氮磷钾各因素对饲用玉米产量和品质的影响大小次序如下:
(1)在氮磷钾对籽粒产量的效应中,单因素效应影响大小次序为:氮>磷>钾;三因素一级交互效应大小次序为氮钾>磷钾>氮磷。
(2)在氮磷钾对秸秆鲜重的效应中,单因素效应影响大小次序为氮>钾>磷;一级交互效应大小次序为氮钾>氮磷>磷钾。
(3)在氮磷钾对可消化总养分产量的效应中,单因素效应影响大小次序为氮>磷>钾;一级交互效应大小次序为磷钾>氮钾>氮磷。
2.在氮磷钾三因素对饲用玉米籽粒产量、秸秆鲜重、可消化总养分产量的单效应中,氮磷钾各因素在较低水平时,三个目标产量均随着该因素的增大而增加,表现为正效应,但超过最佳水平后,则反而下降,表现为负效应。
3.氮磷钾三因素对饲用玉米籽粒产量、秸秆鲜重、可消化总养分产量的效应各有不同程度的一级交互作用,而且表现为某一因素的施用量过多或过少均有可能导致交互类型的转换。
4.通过回归模拟,建立了氮磷钾三因素与饲用玉米籽粒产量、秸秆鲜重、可消化总养分产量及经济效益间的多元二项式数学模型,同时,在理论上预测了氮磷钾对饲用玉米各个目标和综合目标的最大值施肥方案:
(1)最高籽粒产量(795.4 kg/667m~2)施肥方案:N 38 kg/667m~2,P2O517.81 kg/ 667m~2,K2O 22kg/667m~2;
(2)最高秸秆鲜重(1276.4 kg/667m~2)施肥方案:N 24.68 kg/667m~2,P2O512.28kg /667m~2,K2O 13.78 kg/667m~2;
(3)最高可消化养分产量(656.4kg/667m~2)施肥方案:N 25.57kg/667m~2,P2O5 14.05 kg/667m~2,K2O17.09 kg/667m~2;
(4)最大经济效益(663.9元/666.7m~2)施肥方案: N 7.22kg/667m~2,P2O5 5.97 kg/667m~2,K2O 1.76kg/667m~2;
(5)综合目标最大值(籽粒产量793.3kg/667m~2,秸秆鲜重1214.9 kg/667m~2,可
Maize as silage leads one of the way of maize using and developing in line of farming and stock raising. We paid more attention on grain,s quantity when maize was used as forage for long time while ignored research and use about rich stalk and whole nutrition. This experiment explored effects of N, P and K on yield and quality of forage maize by means of the "311A" optimal regression design in order to offered theoretical fundament for improving forage maize fertilizer at 2004 and 2005. The results were showed as follow:
1. The compare of effects about N, P and K on yield and quality for forage maize was showed as below:
(1) In terms of effects on grain yield, the single effect was showed in the order as N>P >K, the interactive effects were showed in the order as NK > PK >NP.
(2) In terms of effects on stalk fresh yields, the single effect was showed in the order as N >P >K,the interactive effects were showed in the order as NK >NP > PK.
(3) In terms of effects on TDN yields, the single effect was showed in the order as N >K>P,the interactive effects were showed in the order as PK > NK >NP.
2. In terms of single effects on grain, stalk fresh and TDN yield, they all increased with the three factors increasing when N, P and K were at low level. But when it was above optimum level, they all decreased. In terms of single effects on grain, stalk fresh and TDN yield, they all increased with the three factors increasing when N, P and K were at low level. But when it optimum level, they all decreased.
3. There were different interactive effects of N, P and K with grain, stalk fresh and TDN yield. And that more or less quantity for some factor might lead to interactive type transferring.
4. According to regression model, we established regression equations about relation of N, P and K with grain, stalk fresh and TDN yield and economical profit, and précised the optimum fertilizer design in theory. That was showed as follow:
(1) The highest grain yield(795.4 kg/667m~2)was N 38 kg/667m~2,P2O517.81 kg/667m~2,K2O 22kg/667m~2;
(2) The highest stalk fresh yield (1276.4 kg/667m~2)was N24.68 kg/667m~2 ,P2O512.28kg/667m~2,K2O 13.78 kg/667m~2;
1.氮磷钾各因素对饲用玉米产量和品质的影响大小次序如下:
(1)在氮磷钾对籽粒产量的效应中,单因素效应影响大小次序为:氮>磷>钾;三因素一级交互效应大小次序为氮钾>磷钾>氮磷。
(2)在氮磷钾对秸秆鲜重的效应中,单因素效应影响大小次序为氮>钾>磷;一级交互效应大小次序为氮钾>氮磷>磷钾。
(3)在氮磷钾对可消化总养分产量的效应中,单因素效应影响大小次序为氮>磷>钾;一级交互效应大小次序为磷钾>氮钾>氮磷。
2.在氮磷钾三因素对饲用玉米籽粒产量、秸秆鲜重、可消化总养分产量的单效应中,氮磷钾各因素在较低水平时,三个目标产量均随着该因素的增大而增加,表现为正效应,但超过最佳水平后,则反而下降,表现为负效应。
3.氮磷钾三因素对饲用玉米籽粒产量、秸秆鲜重、可消化总养分产量的效应各有不同程度的一级交互作用,而且表现为某一因素的施用量过多或过少均有可能导致交互类型的转换。
4.通过回归模拟,建立了氮磷钾三因素与饲用玉米籽粒产量、秸秆鲜重、可消化总养分产量及经济效益间的多元二项式数学模型,同时,在理论上预测了氮磷钾对饲用玉米各个目标和综合目标的最大值施肥方案:
(1)最高籽粒产量(795.4 kg/667m~2)施肥方案:N 38 kg/667m~2,P2O517.81 kg/ 667m~2,K2O 22kg/667m~2;
(2)最高秸秆鲜重(1276.4 kg/667m~2)施肥方案:N 24.68 kg/667m~2,P2O512.28kg /667m~2,K2O 13.78 kg/667m~2;
(3)最高可消化养分产量(656.4kg/667m~2)施肥方案:N 25.57kg/667m~2,P2O5 14.05 kg/667m~2,K2O17.09 kg/667m~2;
(4)最大经济效益(663.9元/666.7m~2)施肥方案: N 7.22kg/667m~2,P2O5 5.97 kg/667m~2,K2O 1.76kg/667m~2;
(5)综合目标最大值(籽粒产量793.3kg/667m~2,秸秆鲜重1214.9 kg/667m~2,可
Maize as silage leads one of the way of maize using and developing in line of farming and stock raising. We paid more attention on grain,s quantity when maize was used as forage for long time while ignored research and use about rich stalk and whole nutrition. This experiment explored effects of N, P and K on yield and quality of forage maize by means of the "311A" optimal regression design in order to offered theoretical fundament for improving forage maize fertilizer at 2004 and 2005. The results were showed as follow:
1. The compare of effects about N, P and K on yield and quality for forage maize was showed as below:
(1) In terms of effects on grain yield, the single effect was showed in the order as N>P >K, the interactive effects were showed in the order as NK > PK >NP.
(2) In terms of effects on stalk fresh yields, the single effect was showed in the order as N >P >K,the interactive effects were showed in the order as NK >NP > PK.
(3) In terms of effects on TDN yields, the single effect was showed in the order as N >K>P,the interactive effects were showed in the order as PK > NK >NP.
2. In terms of single effects on grain, stalk fresh and TDN yield, they all increased with the three factors increasing when N, P and K were at low level. But when it was above optimum level, they all decreased. In terms of single effects on grain, stalk fresh and TDN yield, they all increased with the three factors increasing when N, P and K were at low level. But when it optimum level, they all decreased.
3. There were different interactive effects of N, P and K with grain, stalk fresh and TDN yield. And that more or less quantity for some factor might lead to interactive type transferring.
4. According to regression model, we established regression equations about relation of N, P and K with grain, stalk fresh and TDN yield and economical profit, and précised the optimum fertilizer design in theory. That was showed as follow:
(1) The highest grain yield(795.4 kg/667m~2)was N 38 kg/667m~2,P2O517.81 kg/667m~2,K2O 22kg/667m~2;
(2) The highest stalk fresh yield (1276.4 kg/667m~2)was N24.68 kg/667m~2 ,P2O512.28kg/667m~2,K2O 13.78 kg/667m~2;
引文
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