天然高分子改性絮凝剂的制备及性能评价
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摘要
用于废水处理的天然改性有机高分子絮凝剂具有无毒、易于生物降解、无二次污染、原料来源广、价格低等优点，近年来得到重视和发展应用。本课题——玉米芯改性絮凝剂——正是出于这种考虑提出的，该课题在国际上尚属罕见。论文中介绍了以纯天然材料玉米芯为母体，以氯乙酸作为阴离子醚化剂，以3—氯—2羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(自制)作为阳离子醚化剂，合成了阴、阳两种离子型改性高分子絮凝剂，并对这两种絮凝剂的性能进行了研究。通过正交实验选择最佳条件。絮凝实验表明：阴离子型絮凝剂(简称ANPFC)与六水合氯化铝复合使用，对高岭土体系有很好的絮凝效果；在弱碱性条件下，ANPFC对含铅废水有很好的絮凝作用。絮凝实验还表明，阳离子型高分子絮凝剂(简称CNPFC)对高岭土悬浊液体系有很好的絮凝性能，其絮凝效果优于六水合氯化铝，并用它对粘土污水体系进行处理，表明CNPFC具有良好的抗干扰能力。应该说明的是，因为笔者理论基础还不够深厚，而且是初次涉及此领域，不免在理论理解上会有偏颇，而且在实验方法上仍需继续改进。
Natural polymer flocculant is normally used to treat waste water avoiding poisonous effect, and it is easy to be bio-degraded. The resources could be available easily and low cost. The project of corn core modified flocculant is raised from this consideration. As far as I know, this idea is an original conception in the world. An anionic natural polymer flocculant(ANPFC) and a cationic natural polymer flocculant (CNPFC) were introduced in this work. Both of them were prepared by reacting anionic and cationic reagent, respectively, with the parent corn-core powder. The optimal preparation condition was investigated by experiment. The flocculating properties of ANPFC and CNPFC were studied using a turbid kaolin solution. The result shows that CNPFC is suitable for the kaolin system, while ANPFC is not suitable for it. But we found that ANPFC is fit for the treatment of Pb2+ in waste water. Further the intermixture of ANPFC and inorganic flocculant (aluminium chloride) has surprisingly turbidity removal efficie
ncy. And the experiment shows that CNPFC has good turbidity removal efficiency and its performance is superior to that of inorganic flocculant (aluminium chloride). In practical application, CNPFC presented good anti-disturbance ability to clay suspension system. Surely there is still something to be unproved because author initially pursued the study in this field for only a short time.
Natural polymer flocculant is normally used to treat waste water avoiding poisonous effect, and it is easy to be bio-degraded. The resources could be available easily and low cost. The project of corn core modified flocculant is raised from this consideration. As far as I know, this idea is an original conception in the world. An anionic natural polymer flocculant(ANPFC) and a cationic natural polymer flocculant (CNPFC) were introduced in this work. Both of them were prepared by reacting anionic and cationic reagent, respectively, with the parent corn-core powder. The optimal preparation condition was investigated by experiment. The flocculating properties of ANPFC and CNPFC were studied using a turbid kaolin solution. The result shows that CNPFC is suitable for the kaolin system, while ANPFC is not suitable for it. But we found that ANPFC is fit for the treatment of Pb2+ in waste water. Further the intermixture of ANPFC and inorganic flocculant (aluminium chloride) has surprisingly turbidity removal efficie
ncy. And the experiment shows that CNPFC has good turbidity removal efficiency and its performance is superior to that of inorganic flocculant (aluminium chloride). In practical application, CNPFC presented good anti-disturbance ability to clay suspension system. Surely there is still something to be unproved because author initially pursued the study in this field for only a short time.
引文
〖1〗袁宗宣，郑怀礼，舒型武，絮凝科学与技术的进展。重庆大学学报(自然科学版)，2001，3，p143-147．
〖2〗吴彬，邓皓，肖遥，工业水处理絮凝剂的发展状况。石油与天然气化工，1999，1，71-74．
〖3〗甘光奉，甘莉，高分子絮凝剂的研究进展。工业水处理，1993，3，6-7．
〖4〗陈元彩，肖锦，天然有机高分子絮凝剂研究与应用。环境科学进展，1999，6，p84-87．
〖5〗甘光奉，甘莉，天然改性有机高分子絮凝剂研究进展。石油与天然气化工，1996，1，p55-57．
〖6〗苏滕，陈中兴，陆柱，混凝剂的研究应用现状与开发动向(一)。净水技术，2000，3，p7-9．
〖7〗严瑞瑄主编，《水溶性高分子》。化学工业出版社，2001，p2-9，p457-465．
〖8〗《朱清时院士文集》。北京出版社，2000，p245-254．
〖9〗刘仁庆编，《造纸与未来》。科学出版社，1977，p27-73．
〖10〗甘景镐，甘纯玑，胡炳环，《天然高分子化学》。高等教育出版社，1993，p229-242．
〖11〗楼涛，汪学军，木质素高分子材料中的应用。高分子通报，1996，12，p240-242．
〖12〗《天然食物与人体保健》。人民卫生出版社，1998，p44-45．
〖13〗杨之礼，蒋听培，王庆瑞编，《纤维素与粘胶纤维》。纺织工业出版社，1981，p37-87．
〖14〗许冬生编，《纤维素衍生物》。化学工业出版社，2001，p17-33．
〖15〗任露泉，《试验优化技术》。机械工业出版社，1987，p5-66．
〖16〗黄茂福主编，《化学助剂分析与应用手册》。中国纺织出版社，2001，p538-539．
〖17〗杨国珍，李斌之编，《理化计量技术》。机械工业出版社，1988，32-49．
〖18〗Mohamed I. KHALIL, Amal A. ALY, Preparation and Evaluation of Cationic Starch Derivatives as Flocculants. Starch/staerke, 2001,53(2)-84-89.
〖19〗沈一丁，《造纸化学品的制备和应用》。中国轻工业出版社，2001,p84-104．
〖20〗徐世美，张淑芬，杨锦宗等，3-氯-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵的合成与纯化。精细化工，2002，8，p440-442．
〖21〗高洁，汤烈贵，《纤维素科学》。科学出版社，1996，p99-103．
〖22〗具本植，张淑芬，杨锦宗，交联阳离子淀粉的制备及其脱色性能。应用化学，2001，6，p477-480．
〖23〗胡万里编著，《混凝·混凝剂·混凝设备》。化学工业出版社，2001，p1-64．
〖24〗严瑞瑄，陈振兴，宋宗文，等编著，《水溶性聚合物》。化学工业出版社，1988，p285-341．
〖25〗孟祥和，胡同飞编著，《重金属废水处理》。化学工业出版社环境科学与工程出版中心，2000，p12-20．
〖26〗Catherine Molay, Monique cromer and Olivier Vottori, The removal of copper(Ⅱ) and nickel(Ⅱ) from dilute aqueous solution by a synthetic flocullant: a polarographic study of the complexation with a high molecular weigh poly(acrylic acid) for different pH value.Water Research, 2000,34(2),455-462.
〖27〗王绍文，姜凤有编著，《重金属废水治理技术》。冶金工业出版社，1993，p1-19，
〖28〗王建龙译，《环境工程导论》。清华大学出版社，2002，p377-379．
〖2〗吴彬，邓皓，肖遥，工业水处理絮凝剂的发展状况。石油与天然气化工，1999，1，71-74．
〖3〗甘光奉，甘莉，高分子絮凝剂的研究进展。工业水处理，1993，3，6-7．
〖4〗陈元彩，肖锦，天然有机高分子絮凝剂研究与应用。环境科学进展，1999，6，p84-87．
〖5〗甘光奉，甘莉，天然改性有机高分子絮凝剂研究进展。石油与天然气化工，1996，1，p55-57．
〖6〗苏滕，陈中兴，陆柱，混凝剂的研究应用现状与开发动向(一)。净水技术，2000，3，p7-9．
〖7〗严瑞瑄主编，《水溶性高分子》。化学工业出版社，2001，p2-9，p457-465．
〖8〗《朱清时院士文集》。北京出版社，2000，p245-254．
〖9〗刘仁庆编，《造纸与未来》。科学出版社，1977，p27-73．
〖10〗甘景镐，甘纯玑，胡炳环，《天然高分子化学》。高等教育出版社，1993，p229-242．
〖11〗楼涛，汪学军，木质素高分子材料中的应用。高分子通报，1996，12，p240-242．
〖12〗《天然食物与人体保健》。人民卫生出版社，1998，p44-45．
〖13〗杨之礼，蒋听培，王庆瑞编，《纤维素与粘胶纤维》。纺织工业出版社，1981，p37-87．
〖14〗许冬生编，《纤维素衍生物》。化学工业出版社，2001，p17-33．
〖15〗任露泉，《试验优化技术》。机械工业出版社，1987，p5-66．
〖16〗黄茂福主编，《化学助剂分析与应用手册》。中国纺织出版社，2001，p538-539．
〖17〗杨国珍，李斌之编，《理化计量技术》。机械工业出版社，1988，32-49．
〖18〗Mohamed I. KHALIL, Amal A. ALY, Preparation and Evaluation of Cationic Starch Derivatives as Flocculants. Starch/staerke, 2001,53(2)-84-89.
〖19〗沈一丁，《造纸化学品的制备和应用》。中国轻工业出版社，2001,p84-104．
〖20〗徐世美，张淑芬，杨锦宗等，3-氯-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵的合成与纯化。精细化工，2002，8，p440-442．
〖21〗高洁，汤烈贵，《纤维素科学》。科学出版社，1996，p99-103．
〖22〗具本植，张淑芬，杨锦宗，交联阳离子淀粉的制备及其脱色性能。应用化学，2001，6，p477-480．
〖23〗胡万里编著，《混凝·混凝剂·混凝设备》。化学工业出版社，2001，p1-64．
〖24〗严瑞瑄，陈振兴，宋宗文，等编著，《水溶性聚合物》。化学工业出版社，1988，p285-341．
〖25〗孟祥和，胡同飞编著，《重金属废水处理》。化学工业出版社环境科学与工程出版中心，2000，p12-20．
〖26〗Catherine Molay, Monique cromer and Olivier Vottori, The removal of copper(Ⅱ) and nickel(Ⅱ) from dilute aqueous solution by a synthetic flocullant: a polarographic study of the complexation with a high molecular weigh poly(acrylic acid) for different pH value.Water Research, 2000,34(2),455-462.
〖27〗王绍文，姜凤有编著，《重金属废水治理技术》。冶金工业出版社，1993，p1-19，
〖28〗王建龙译，《环境工程导论》。清华大学出版社，2002，p377-379．