松褐天牛Monochamus alternatus Hope生物学特性和交配行为的研究
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摘要
松褐天牛Monochamus alternatus Hope，属鞘翅目Coleoptera，天牛科Cerambycidae，沟胫天牛亚科Laminae，墨天牛属Monochamus。主要以幼虫危害生长势弱的树木或新伐木的韧皮部及木质部，严重影响松树生长，常引起松树成片枯死，降低出材率。松褐天牛成虫是重要检疫对象松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus的主要传播媒介。我国自1982年首次在南京市中山陵发现松材线虫病以来，发生面积已达到8.7万多hm~2，累计枯死松树3500多万棵，给我国森林资源、自然景观和生态环境造成了巨大的损失。外来生物的入侵过程，不但是改变当地生态系统的过程，同时也是对当地生态系统的不断调整适应过程。入侵种适应性进化期间以及扩展后，本地物种也会对它的入侵产生一定的影响。媒介昆虫松褐天牛作为本地种与外来物种松材线虫在生活史、寄主、食性等方面相互适应，加快了松材线虫病的流行蔓延。
重庆市松材线虫病是2001年首次在涪陵和长寿交界处发现后迅速蔓延，发生面积达1229hm~2。对重庆地区松褐天牛生物学、生态学的深入研究，对有效控制松褐天牛的发生危害和松材线虫病的传播蔓延具有重要的指导意义。松褐天牛作为Hanks归纳的SH种类，因其幼虫食物资源质量不可预知性和短暂性，松褐天牛的交配行为表现出强烈雄性竞争，包括与对手格斗、配后保护等。因此，对松褐天牛成虫交配行为进行更深入研究不但为有效地控制松材线虫病的传播蔓延、防治松褐天牛的危害打下基础，而且也是对昆虫的生殖进化适应的有益探索。
1 松材线虫病在重庆的发生
1．1 松材线虫病在重庆的分布
松材线虫病在重庆的万州、忠县、长寿、涪陵、渝北、江北、巴南和沙坪坝区都有发生，这些县、区均属长江沿岸地区，其中涪陵发生最严重。可以推测松材线虫病是由于长江货运向上游传播的。
1．2 松材线虫病在重庆的发生危害特点
松材线虫病在原发地持续发生，危害逐年加重，疫情迅速向周边地区扩散蔓延。疫情发生小班一年四季均有死亡松树出现，死树高峰期出现在8—11月，部分小班4—5月也有大量松
Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), mainly infesting at larvae stages, feeds into the phloem and xylem of stressed host or pine bolt newly cut down, usually resulting in the death of large numbers of pine trees and reducing the quality of wood products. Meanwhile, M. alternatus is the primary vector of the key plant quarantine species, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The occurrence of B. xylophilus was first reported at Zhongshan cemetery of Nanjing in 1982. Up to now, it has proliferated about 8.7 hm~2 in China and caused the death of over 35 million trees, bringing about huge losses of woods resources, natural landscape and ecological environment. The invasion of exotic species is not only a process of altering native ecosystem but also one of adjustment and adaptation. After the exotic species settled down, local species would influence the exotic species in some ways. There are most adaptability between the native vector M. alternatus and the invasion species B. xylophilus in respects of their life history, host and feeding habit, and so on, all of which fastened the epidemic and spread of this disease.
B. xylophilus was first discovered at the band of Fuling and Changshou, Chongqing in 2001 and it has spread rapidly to about 1,229 hm~2 in Chongqing. Studies on the biology and ecology of M. alternatus are essential for the control of M. alternatus and the epidemic and spread of B. xylophilus. M. alternatus belonged to SH species summarized by Hanks. Because the quality of food resources for larvae was unpredictable and impermanent, the mating behavior presented strongly male competition, such as fighting against competitor, post copulatory guarding. Therefore, the investigation on the mating behavior of M. alternatus is the foundation of the control over this pest and the epidemic of B. xylophilus, and meanwhile, it is also instructive for probing into the evolution of reproductive adaptability.
1 Occurrence of B. xylophilus in Chongqing 1.1 Distribution of B. xylophilus in Chongqing
B. xylophilus occurred in Wanzhou, Zhongxian, Changshou, Fuling, Yubei, Jiangbei, Banan and
重庆市松材线虫病是2001年首次在涪陵和长寿交界处发现后迅速蔓延，发生面积达1229hm~2。对重庆地区松褐天牛生物学、生态学的深入研究，对有效控制松褐天牛的发生危害和松材线虫病的传播蔓延具有重要的指导意义。松褐天牛作为Hanks归纳的SH种类，因其幼虫食物资源质量不可预知性和短暂性，松褐天牛的交配行为表现出强烈雄性竞争，包括与对手格斗、配后保护等。因此，对松褐天牛成虫交配行为进行更深入研究不但为有效地控制松材线虫病的传播蔓延、防治松褐天牛的危害打下基础，而且也是对昆虫的生殖进化适应的有益探索。
1 松材线虫病在重庆的发生
1．1 松材线虫病在重庆的分布
松材线虫病在重庆的万州、忠县、长寿、涪陵、渝北、江北、巴南和沙坪坝区都有发生，这些县、区均属长江沿岸地区，其中涪陵发生最严重。可以推测松材线虫病是由于长江货运向上游传播的。
1．2 松材线虫病在重庆的发生危害特点
松材线虫病在原发地持续发生，危害逐年加重，疫情迅速向周边地区扩散蔓延。疫情发生小班一年四季均有死亡松树出现，死树高峰期出现在8—11月，部分小班4—5月也有大量松
Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), mainly infesting at larvae stages, feeds into the phloem and xylem of stressed host or pine bolt newly cut down, usually resulting in the death of large numbers of pine trees and reducing the quality of wood products. Meanwhile, M. alternatus is the primary vector of the key plant quarantine species, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The occurrence of B. xylophilus was first reported at Zhongshan cemetery of Nanjing in 1982. Up to now, it has proliferated about 8.7 hm~2 in China and caused the death of over 35 million trees, bringing about huge losses of woods resources, natural landscape and ecological environment. The invasion of exotic species is not only a process of altering native ecosystem but also one of adjustment and adaptation. After the exotic species settled down, local species would influence the exotic species in some ways. There are most adaptability between the native vector M. alternatus and the invasion species B. xylophilus in respects of their life history, host and feeding habit, and so on, all of which fastened the epidemic and spread of this disease.
B. xylophilus was first discovered at the band of Fuling and Changshou, Chongqing in 2001 and it has spread rapidly to about 1,229 hm~2 in Chongqing. Studies on the biology and ecology of M. alternatus are essential for the control of M. alternatus and the epidemic and spread of B. xylophilus. M. alternatus belonged to SH species summarized by Hanks. Because the quality of food resources for larvae was unpredictable and impermanent, the mating behavior presented strongly male competition, such as fighting against competitor, post copulatory guarding. Therefore, the investigation on the mating behavior of M. alternatus is the foundation of the control over this pest and the epidemic of B. xylophilus, and meanwhile, it is also instructive for probing into the evolution of reproductive adaptability.
1 Occurrence of B. xylophilus in Chongqing 1.1 Distribution of B. xylophilus in Chongqing
B. xylophilus occurred in Wanzhou, Zhongxian, Changshou, Fuling, Yubei, Jiangbei, Banan and
引文
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