补肾生精汤对房劳小鼠生精障碍影响的实验研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本课题在中医“肾主生殖”理论指导下,通过“房劳伤肾”的中医病因学说,造成房劳肾虚生精障碍模型,并观察了补肾方药对模型的影响,以揭示房劳肾虚在生精细胞调亡水平的表现,提供补肾方药在生精细胞凋亡方面的实验依据,从而为“肾主生殖”的实验研究提供一些生精细胞凋亡方面的实验依据。
    本论文分为文献综述和实验研究两部分。
    1文献综述
    1.1中医临床运用“肾主生殖”理论治疗男性不育的概况
    目前中医临床治疗男性不育症的有关资料,大体可分为三类:(1)按纯中医理论进行辨证论治;(2)按现代实验检查结果施治;(3)实验检查结果与中医辨证互参施治。由于肾在中医生殖理论中的主导地位,中医临床对男性不育症的治疗,无论是按中医理论辨证论治,还是按实验检查结果用药或是两者互参施治,仍以补益肾中精气、调和肾阴肾阳为主。当前中医临床已经突破了传统的“望、闻、问、切”四诊的范围,吸取了现代科技成果,使中医在诊治本病方面正向量化发展。
    1.2 “肾主生殖”与现代医学理论相关的研究概况
    “肾主生殖”与现代医学理论相关的研究内容,包括与生殖内分泌的关系、与精液的关系、与睾丸组织形态的关系、与免疫系统的关系、与微量元素的关系等五个方面,可知中医“肾主生殖”与现代医学理论的许多层面相关,因此必须全面地认识中医“肾主生殖”在现代医学理论中的内涵。
    1.3生精细胞凋亡的研究概况
    在男性生殖领域对生精细胞凋亡的研究是一个较为热门也较为前沿的课题。近20年的有关资料显示,生精细胞凋亡具有年龄性、阶段性、种族性的特点,以及各种生殖激素的变化可以影响生精细胞的凋亡,并且由于动物年龄的不同,同样的生殖激素变化,其生精细胞凋亡的情况不同,另外支持细胞和间质细胞的改变也可以影响生精细胞的凋亡。对其调节机制的研究发现:一些细胞因子、生长因子以及细胞浆蛋白等通常以调节凋亡过程或在凋亡细胞中表达两种方式参与凋亡发生;另外,光照、温度、超声波、锌、镉、输精管结扎、化学物质、电离辐射等因素对生精细胞凋亡均有影响。中医药与生精细胞凋亡的研究才刚刚起步,但随着现代分子生物学技术的发展所提供的更科学、更现代化的研究手段和方法,生精细胞凋亡对阐明中医“肾主生殖”理论的实质,促进中医药诊治男性不育症的现代化,无疑提供了新的思路,新的契入点。
    2实验研究
    2.1房劳法导致雄性小鼠生精障碍模型的建立
    参照朱传义、李震等方法,将健康雌性小鼠皮下注射复方己酸孕酮0.05ml,3天左右以阴道涂片检查角化细胞程度,证实其进入动情期,用来诱导房事过度。每只房劳组雄鼠与5只雌鼠合笼,每日检查笼中阴道栓,每隔5日依次互相更换雌鼠。正常对照组除不与雌鼠合笼外,其余条件相同。持续8周后,将各组雄鼠处死取材测定指标。本实验主要是观察房劳生精障碍小鼠睾丸生精细胞的凋亡情况,采用了流式细胞测定仪检测睾丸组织亚单倍体DNA含量和琼脂糖凝胶电泳两种方法进行测定。流式法参照聂振英等的方法:迅速将左侧睾丸的1/2切下放入平皿,加入少量生理盐水,用剪刀将睾丸组织剪至匀浆状,用吸管吸取组织匀浆滴入5ml试管内,加入5%胃蛋白酶消化液1ml,恒温(37℃)水浴消化40分钟,消化期间要间断振荡或吹打,然后用50目尼龙网过滤,离心沉淀1500prm5分钟,再用盐水洗三次,每次以短时低速离心沉淀(500-800prm)5分钟,去除细胞碎片,以300目尼龙网过滤去细胞团块,70%乙醇固定,置0-4℃冰箱12小时,离心弃去固定液,加入3mlPBS液重悬5分钟,400目尼龙网过滤1次,500-1000r/min,弃去PBS液;用1mlPI染液,4℃避光保存30分钟;然后通过FACS420型流式细胞仪进行检测。琼脂糖凝胶电泳法分为睾丸组织DNA的提取和电泳两步,睾丸组织DNA的提取使用组织DNA提取试剂盒,将DNA提取后,便可进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳及溴化乙锭染色观察各组电泳情况.结果显示房劳组生精细胞凋亡率明显高于对照组、琼脂糖凝胶电泳呈特殊的梯形状,说明房劳生可导致生精细胞凋亡增加,其发生机制与房劳后T水平降低从而引发生精细胞凋亡的异常升高有关。
    2.2 补肾生精汤对房劳小鼠生精障碍的影响观察
    根据房劳伤肾耗精及“男子以精为主”、“种子之法,男必先养其精”的中医理论,结合导师董连荣教授多年临床及实验研究成果,观察补肾生精汤对房劳肾虚生精障碍模型的影响。补肾生精汤系由“七宝美髯丹”加减化裁而成,“七宝美髯丹”据说由明代邵应节创制,《医方集解》载有“明嘉靖间,方士邵应节进此方,世宗服之,连生皇子,遂盛行于世。”刘艳芳等认为精子的生成依赖于肾阴的滋润和肾阳的温煦,而本方有益肾填精、平补阴阳之效,故临床常被加减治疗男性不育。方法:将房劳模型组小鼠16只,随机分成房劳治疗组和房劳自然恢复组,共两组,每组8只。治疗组给予补肾生精汤26mg/kg/d灌胃。自然恢复组给予蒸馏水26mg/kg/d 灌胃。共30天,然后处死动物、测定指标。结果显示房劳治疗组用药后睾丸间质细胞基本接近正常、T明显升高、生精细胞凋亡得到抑制,说明本方能够提高T含量、抑制生精细胞凋亡,从而改变睾丸生精状况。
    本实验结果表明,中医“肾主生殖”理论在雄
"The Shen (kidney) dominating reproduction" is an important viewpoint in modern medicine territory and traditional medicine territory. Based on and guided by this theory, We carried out this study "The study of effect of BSSJT (Bu Shen Sheng Jing Tang) on Fang Lao male rat sperm cells obstruction" Our study is also guided by the Chinese traditional medicine theory "Fang Lao hurting Shen(kidney)". We made two models: NOMAL group and FANG LAO group, We also observe the effect of BSSJT treating the Latter group.
    This paper divided into two parts: theoretical part and experimental part.
    In the former, We collected and analyzed a large of materials between "The Shen(kidney) dominating reproduction" and modern medicine. Including the relation of sperm, morphology, minimum element, environment of the sperm and so on. Through this means, We find our study relate to modern medicine and modern technology. At the same time, we find the study had already broke the traditional method, and related to modern medicine in different positions and different levels. So we must treat it with developing and overall view.
    As we know, in the sum, there are three kinds method to treat the males sterility: one is according to Chinese Traditional medicine; the second is according to the result of the modern experimental; the last combined with the two former. Based on this reason, we should recognize the importance of the experiment.
    In order to release the essence of "The Shen(kidney)dominating reproduction" we engage in experimental study, the method and results as follows:
    Experiments 1 made two groups model, one is NOMAL group; the other is FANG LAO group the male rats have excessive sexual intercourse with sexual aroused female rats for 8 weeks in order to make the apoptosis model. Comparing two models, we find that FANG LAO group is obviously worse than the NOMAL group.
    Experiments 2: the study of effect of BSSJT, we made the FANG LAO model group into two groups: FANG LAO TREATMENT group and FANG LAO BEING RENEWED NATRUALY group. The former group's male rats are pumped BSSJT 26mg/kg/d into stomach for 30 days; the latter group are given water 26mg/kg/d into stomach for the same days, then killed the animals. Comparing two models, we find that TREATMENT group is better than the BEING RENEWED NATRUALY group.
    A great variety of chemicals and environmental conditions can effect the result of the experimental. The more further of the study the more deeper of the recognize to the theory of
    "The Shen(kidney )dominating the reproduction".
引文
[1]石学敏 主编.中医纲目 内科.人民日报出版社,1993,2423
    [2] 周克枚.男子不育症的证治体会.新疆中医药.1998,16(1):7
    [3] 汪萍,邵丽黎.补肾生精优生汤治疗精液异常性不育症204例临床分析.河南中医.1997,17(2):108
    [4] 魏宝勇,张云生.三桑参芪汤治疗男性不育症48例.浙江中医杂志.1997,32(l):36
    [5] 李乾构.五子育春丸治疗男性不育症480例临床总结.北京中医,1995,(5):20
    [6] 李钦.男性不育症中医药治疗探讨.新中医,1993,(1):12
    [7] 阮翠玲.中西医结合治疗精液异常致不育症.江西中医药,1993,24(1):20
    [8] 谢云桂.三仁育生汤加味治疗男性不育症58例.浙江中医杂志,1993,28(2):60
    [9] 夏蓉西等.中医不育症的实验研究动态.天津中医,1992,4:25
    [10] 孟庆余.微观辨证男性不育症.中医研究.1994,7(2):18
    [11] 胡毓安.精液液化影响因素研究进展.中华男科学,2001,7(2):121
    [12] 郑东利.解凝化精汤治疗精液不液化症40例.河北中医,1992,14(6):15
    [13] 周立军.自拟液化散治疗精液不液化37例,陕西中医,1992,13(2):53
    [14] 陈胜辉.前列腺康复胶囊治疗精液不液化致不育临床观察.河北中医,2001,23(6):462
    [15] 孙界平.强精煎治疗精子无力35例小结,江苏中医,1993,(11):14
    [16] 王明祥.中西医结合治疗无力型精子症139例临床探讨,福建中医药,1991,22(4):18
    [17] 张兴全.自拟育子汤治疗男性不育症71例疗效观察.天津中医,1996,(2):34
    [18] 刘艳芳.益肾增精汤治疗精少不育症46例.山东中医杂志,2001,20(1):25
    [19] 鲁海鸥等.补肾生精胶囊治疗少精症51例,河北中医,2002,24(1):47
    [20] 姚兵等.康宝口服液治疗少精子症的临床观察,中华男科学,2001,7(5):349-350
    [21] 李娟等.自拟生精汤治疗精少不育症50例.河北中医,2001,23(3):223
    [22] 刘银健.益肾疏肝汤治疗无精子症15例.新中医,1993,(10):38
    [23] 蔡玉国.五子衍宗丸加减治疗精液异常58例.北京中医杂志,1993,(4):27
    [24] 刘恒太.大营煎加味治疗男性不育症40例.黑龙江中医药,1997,(1):13
    [25] 张明勤等.生精丸治疗少精子症75例.黑龙江中医药,1996,(3):15
    [26] 陈荣安等.生精丸治疗男性不育的临床研究.中国中西医结合杂志,1995,15(14):120
    [27] 张林越等.补肾益精法治疗300例男性不育症临床观察.中国医药学报,1989,(6):16
    [28] 马立正.填精补肾中药对老年大鼠下丘脑-垂体-性腺-胸腺轴的形态学研究.中医杂志,1989,(8):45
    [29] 倪瑾,倪平,徐曼,等.优生宝补益肝肾治疗男性不育机理的实验研究.中国中医基础医学杂志.1996,(2):19
    [30] 夏卫平.康宁口服液治疗肾虚不育症的实验研究.中国男科杂志,2000,14(3):190-192
    [31] 岳广平,陈琼,戴宁.补肾生精汤对肾阳虚睾丸功能损害大鼠模型作用的实验研究.中国中西医结合杂志,1997,(5):29
    [32] 贝润浦.男性自身精子免疫性不育的中医治疗.中医杂志,1990,(7):20
    [33] 黄海波.精子凝集致男子不育的治疗.上海中医药杂志,1990,(2):22
    [34] 刘秀德.山东中医学院学报,1990,14(2):58
    [35] 陈生等.“抗体平”对抗精子抗体阳性不育者精子膜结构的影响.北京中医,2001,2:53
    [36] 邵力军,郭秀云.辨精与辨证相结合治疗男性不育症临床体会.长春中医学院学报. 1995 ,11(1)41
    [37] 王立光,赵德昌.中医药辨证治愈精子形态畸形41例报告.黑龙江中医药.1997,(1):152
    [38] 李曰庆.中西医结合不育不孕研究新进展.中国中医药出版社,1992:77
    [39] 郑宝健.辨证论治精液不液化症30例临床观察.福建中医药,1997,28(2):14
    [40] 李天升.120例精液不液化的辨治体会.江西中医药,1996,27(2):15
    [41] 曾庆其.辨治男子免疫性不育四法.江苏中医.1998,19(1):15
    [42] 李凤仪.抗精子抗体阳性的中医分型.新中医,1995,(9):37
    [43] 曾海群等.Adv Contracept, 1987,3(3):220
    [44] 郭连彭等.补肾壮阳法治疗男性不育症的机理探讨.中医杂志,1989,(10):26
    [45] 戚广崇等.强精冲剂对不育症患者精子运动参数的影响.上海中医药杂志,1995,(10):1
    [46] 方泰惠等.康精1号抗雷公藤对雄性大鼠精子数与活力的作用.南京中医学院学报,1989,(10):1
    [47] 杨晓峰,卫焘,佟锦.复方五子地黄口服液治疗男性不育症的临床和实验研究.中国中西医结合杂志.1995,15(4):36
    [48] 朱 恒才,巩殿芹,魏春荣,等.国外运用中医药治疗男性病的近况.国外医学·中医中药分册.1993,15(4):l
    [49] 成令忠.组织学.人民卫生出版社,1993,1348-1364
    [50] 李震,周月,王浩.肾主生殖的现代实验研究.实用中西医结合杂志.1997,10(7):625
    [51] 夏卫平,陈磊,蒋学洲,等.康宁口服液对肾虚不育症影响的实验研究.上海中医药杂志.1997,(6):25
    [52] 彭国瑞等.五味子对家兔泌尿生殖系统酶组织化学的影响及其抗衰延老作用的初步观察.上海中医药杂志1989,(2):43
    [53] 王树蓉等.男性不育2号方的动物实验研究.上海中医药杂志,1991,(2):17
    [54] 周智恒等.补肾法促进睾丸生精原理的实验研究.上海中医药杂志,1992,(9):24
    [55] 于素芳.精液微量元素锌、铜及铅对精子质量的影响.中国男科学杂志,2000,14(2):137-139
    [56] 张秀成、贾丽莉.国外医学(计划生育分册),1990,(3):143
    [57] Kavaragh TP, J Reprod Fertil, 1985,75:35
    [58] Houand , MK et al. Fertil Steril, 1980,34:483
    [59] Bleaw G et al. Fertil steril, 1984, 42:890
    [60] Kesserra Eet al. Contraception. 1972,6:231
    [61] Hartoma TR, Nahoul K, Netter A.lancet. 1997,2:1125
    [62] 朱梅年.论中医“肾”的物质基础--有关微量元素锌、锰的探讨.中医杂志,1983,(5):66
    [63] 汪坤.肾阳虚患者头发微量元素锌、铜变化.中西医结合杂志,1986,(2):96
    [64] 曹治权主编.微量元素与中医药.中国医药出版社,1993,88
    [65] 邹学政等.补肾生精散的微量元素测定及与不育症的关系.微量元素与健康研究.1997,14(2):18
    [66] 哈费兹主编(美 E S E)袁其晓主译.人类生殖.人民卫生出版社,1985,458
    [67] 夏中兴.正常人和不育病人射出的精子表面凝集素受体的研究.生物化学与生物物理学报,1988,20(6):599
    [68] 王一飞.人精子膜受体麦芽凝集素受体缺失--男性不育原因之一.上海第二医学院学报,1985,(4):258
    [69] 尹巧芝.补肾对排卵障碍的研究进展.中医药研究,2002,18(1):61-62
    [70] 彭黎明主编.细胞凋亡的基础与临床.人民卫生出版社,2000,2-3
    [71]Wyllie Ah, kerr JGR, Currie AR. Cell death:the significance of apoptosis.Int Rev Cytol,1980,68:251
    [72] Stephan H,Polzar B,Rallch F,et al.Distribution of deoxyrabonucleasc and p53 in rat testis and their correlation with apotosis.Histochem cell Biol,1996,106(4):383
    [73] Hikm-AP,Wang C,Leung A,et al.Involvemrnt of apoptosis in the indation of germ cell dgeneration in adult rats after gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist treatment.Endocrinol,1995,136(6):2770
    [74] Tapanainen Js,Tilly JL,Vihk KK,et al.Hormonal control of apoptosis cell death in the testis gonadotor pins and androgens as testicular cell sarrival facctors.Mol Endocrinoy,,1997,7(5):643
    [75] Wang RA Nakane PK,KojiT.Biol Repod,1998;58:1250~1256
    [76] Rodriguez I, Ody C, Araki K, et al. An early and massive wave of germinal cell apoptosis is required for the developnent of functional spermatog nesis. Ernbo J, 1997, 16(9): 2262
    [77] Billig H, Furate I, Rivier C, et a1. Apoptosis in testis gerrn cell. Endocrinoy, 1995, 136 (1):5
    [78] Furuchi T, Maxuko K, Nishimune Y, et al. Inhibition of testicular germ cell apoptosis and differentiation in mice misexpressing Bcl-2 in spermatogoinia. Development, 1996, 122 (6 ):l 703
    [79] Harriss DR,Savill J.Apoptosis and the prostate.BrJUrology,1995,75(1)27.
    [80] Laine j,Etelamaki p,Holmbergc,et al.Apoptotic cell death in human chronic renal allograft regection.Transplantation,1997,63(1):101.
    [81] Kabelitz D Apoptosis graft rejection and transplantation tolerance.Transplantation,1998,65(7):869
    [82] Nagatas.Apoptosis.by death factor.cell,1997,88:35
    [83] Hikim AP, Wang C, Lue Y, et al. Spontaneous germ cell apoptosis in humans. J Clin Endocrinoy Metab, 1998, 83 (1 ):152
    [84] 张健.生精细胞凋亡及其调控.解剖科学进展,1999,5(2):135
    [85] Billig Hfuruta I,River C,et al.1995,Endocrinology,136:5.
    [86] Brinkworth MH,weinbauer GF,Schlatl S,et al.J Reprod Fert,1995,105:25
    [87] Tapanihen JS,Tilly JL,Vihk KK,et al.Hormonal control of apoptosis cell death in the testis gonadotorpins and androgens as testicular cell surrival factors Mol Endocrinoy,1997,7(5):643
    [88] Shetty J,Marathe GK,Dighe RR.Endocrinology,1996,137:2179.
    [89] 沈凯.生殖激素与精子发生中细胞凋亡的调控.细胞生物学杂志,1999,21(1):20-21
    [90] Brinkworth MH,weinbauer GF,Schlatl S,et al.J Reprod Fert,1995,105:25
    [91] Henriksen K,Hakovirta H,Parvinen M.Endocrinlogy,1995,136:3285
    [92] Allan DJ et al.cell prolif,1992;25:241
    [93] Henriksen K,et al.Testosterone inhibits and induces in rat seminiferous tubules in a stage-specific manner.In situquantification insquash preparations after adoministration of ethane dimethane sulfonate.Endocrinology 1995;136:3258
    [94] 沈凯.睾丸支持细胞和间质细胞在生精细胞凋亡中的作用.《国外医学》泌尿系统分册,1997,17(4):146
    [95] Krajewski S,Bodtugs,Krajewska M.Immunohistochemical analysis of Md-1 and Bcl-2 production suggest a unique role for Mcl-1 in the control of programned cell death in vivo.Am J Pathol,1995,146:1309
    [96] Huang A,Edwards RG,Rosenthal SA,et al.p53 and bcl-2 immunohistochemical alteration in prostate cancer treated with radiation therapy.Urology,1998,51(2):346
    [97] Krajewski S,Bodtugs,Krajewska M.Immunohistochemical analysis of Md-1 and Bcl-2 production suggest a unique role for Mcl-1 in the control of programned cell death in vivo.Am J Pathol,1995,146:1309
    [98] Vasavada SP,Novick AC,Williams BRG.P53, bcl-2,and Bax expression in renal cell carcinoma.Urology,1998,51(6):1057
    [99] Suzuki M, Ae K, Yoshinage K, et al. Specific arrest of sperrnatogenesis caused by apoptosis ce1l death in transgenic mlce. Genes Ce1ls, l996, l (l2): l077
    [100] Dix DJ,Allen JW,collins BW,et al.Targeted gene disruption of HSP70-2 results in failed meiosis,germ cell apoptosis,and male inferlitity.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1996,98(8):3264
    [101] Nantel F,Monacol Foulkes NS,et al.Spermiogenesis deficiency and germ cell apoptosis in CREM-Mutation ,mice.Nature,1996,380(6570):159
    [102] Zhao GQ,Deng K,Labosky PA,et al.The gene encoding bone morphogentic proten 8B in required for the initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis in the mouse.Genes Dev,1996,10(B):1657
    [103] Cohe JJ:Overview:Mechanisms of apoptosis.Immunol Today ,1993,14(3):126.
    [104] 卢全生、郭霞珍等.中医“肾应冬”的实验研究.北京中医药大学学报,2001,24(2):27-28
    [105] 杜联芳等.诊断超声对大鼠睾丸生殖细胞凋亡的研究.中国超声医学杂志,2000,16(1)6-8
    [106] 李积胜等.锌对睾丸生精细胞凋亡及其衰老变化影响.武警医学院学报,2000,8(4):197-200
    [107] 李积胜等.缺锌对大鼠睾丸细胞凋亡影响机制的研究.武警医学,2000,4(4):204-205
    [108] Cun Yong Xu,JoyceE,Johnson,et al.In vivo studies of cadmium-induced apoptosis in testicular tissue of the rat and its modulation by achelating agent.Toxicology,1996,107:1
    [109] 顾益斌等.男性绝育术后并发症的防止体会.生殖与避孕,1997;17(3):183
    [110] Luey,Hikim AP,Wang C,et al.Eang effects of vasctomy on testicular structure and on germ cell and macrophage apoptosis in the hamster.J Androl.1997,18(2):166.
    [111] Cai L et al.Induction of apoptosis in the germ cells of adult male rats after exposure to cyclophosphamide.Biol Reprocl.1997.in press.
    [112] Nolte J,et al.Histopathology of chemically induced testicular atrophy in rats.EXP Taric Pathol.1995;47:267
    [113] Henriksen K,et al.Stage-specific apoptosis in the rat seininiferous epithelium quantification of irradiation effects. J Androl.1996,17:394
    [114] 姜泊.细胞凋亡基础与临床.人民军医出版社,1999,255-288
    [115] 吴敦序主编.中医基础理论,第6版.上海科学技术出版社,1995,19
    [116] 葛金文等.细胞凋亡在中医药研究中的地位.湖南中医学学报,1997,17(3):68-70
    [117] Vaux DL.Toward an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of physiological cell death.Pro Natl Acad Sci USA:1993;90:786
    [118] 杨骅,王仙平,等.榄香烯抗癌作用与与诱发肿瘤凋亡.中华肿瘤杂志,1996,18(3):169-171
    [119] 袁静,肖余.槲皮素抗肿瘤作用研究进展.国外医学中医中药分册,1996,18(4):3-5
    [120] 张晨,黄世东.雄黄诱导K562/ADM细胞凋亡的研究.大连医科大学学报,1997,(21):11-12
    [121] 李晓光,谢锦玉.大蒜油诱导人胃癌细胞分化凋亡的机制研究.中华肿瘤杂志,1998,20(5):325-326
    [122] 陈丽荣,郑树.紫杉醇诱发人乳癌细胞凋亡的机制研究.中华肿瘤杂志,1997,19(2):103-106
    [123] 张国强,叶任高.丹参对狼疮性肾炎成纤维细胞增殖凋亡及c-myc蛋白表达的影响.中国中西医结合杂志,1997,17(8):473-475
    [124] 周振华.中药诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的研究进展.国外医学中医中药分册,1998,20(3):3-5
    [125] 马晓华,沃兴德.姜黄素抗肿瘤作用与诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的研究概况.国外医学肿瘤分册,1999,26(1):21-23
    [126] 刘玉涛,周禾.枸杞多糖对胸腺细胞凋亡的调节.北京医科大学学报,1996,18(2):111-112
    [127] 陈东鸿,李平.柴胡及甘草酸对小鼠肝细胞凋亡的影响.第四军医大学学报,1998,19(3):279-281
    [128] 牛建昭,魏育林.人参抑制小鼠胸腺细胞细胞凋亡的实验研究.解剖学报,1997,28(3):270-273
    [129] 李嫔,田国才.广枣总黄酮对小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡及腺苷脱氧酶(ADA)活性的影响.中华微生物和免疫学杂志,1998,18(6):386-391
    [130] 汪朝阳,黄秀榕.中医中药对细胞凋亡的影响研究进展.中国中西医结合杂志,2000,20(9)713-714
    [131] 朱传义等.肾虚动物模型初报.中药药理与临床,1987,3(3):51
    [132] 李震.应用诱导“劳倦过度,房室不节”法建立肾虚模型的研究.实用中西医结合杂志,1995,8(8):585
    [133] 张秀成主编.精子检测与分离.北京科技出版社,1993,1:43-97
    [134] 李玲.雷公藤主要植化成分对大鼠生殖器官的影响.同济医科大学学报,1988,(9):49
    [135] 聂振英,刘斌.小鼠实验性睾丸炎期间生精细胞调亡的观察.北京医科大学学报.1999,2(31):127-129
    [136] 朱虎.流式细胞仪在睾丸生精过程研究中的应用.国外医学计划生育分册,20(1):23-27
    [137] 王琦.中医藏象学.人民卫生出版社,1997,666-667
    [138] 邓铁涛.中医诊断学.上海科学技术出版社,1984,122-123
    [139] 廖二元、超楚生,内分泌学上册.人民卫生出版社,2001,1077-1078
    [140] 吴明章,曾起文.男性生殖病理学.上海科学普及出版社,1997,264
    [141] 童普德,魏建军.补肾益精方药对地塞米松诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞DNA片段化的影响.中国医药学报,2000,15(增刊):102-103
    [142] 陈奇主编.中成药名方药理与临床.人民卫生出版社,1998,581
    [143] 蔡德培 张炜.补肾中药对下丘脑GnRH、垂体 FSH、LH及成骨细胞BGP基因表达的调节作用.中医杂志,2002,43(3)221
    [144] 李瑞利,殷秀玲.生精细胞的凋亡与调控.解剖科学进展,2000,6(1):6
    [145] 印红林,周晓军.人类凋亡生精细胞超微结构研究.中华男科学,2001,7(1):28
    [146] 魏德忠,液化益精汤治疗精液不化症46例观察,河北中医,1995,17(5):39

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700