微动摩擦测试仪的研究设计
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摘要
电接触科学中,微动是指在静接触对中,两个接触表面产生的微米级的相对运动。在电连接器接触对之间有微动产生时,会形成微动磨损和微动腐蚀,在这两种微动模式的共同作用下,最终会使连接器的接触电阻迅速上升,导致可靠性降低。
本文主要是为了设计一种能够加速模拟连接器的微动并测量接触对间摩擦力大小的实验装置,用以研究电连接器在微动中的摩擦特性及其对电接触的影响。因为目前在摩擦学领域,比较成熟的实验仪器和设备主要是适用于宏观摩擦学和纳米摩擦学的测试仪。而微动摩擦,其加载的接触压力大约在0到2N,介于宏观摩擦与微观摩擦之间,传统的摩擦测试仪已经无法适用于微动摩擦学的研究。
本文重点介绍了微动摩擦测试仪测力部分的结构设计,其核心部分是微力的测量,其摩擦力、正压力的测量范围、灵敏度等是微摩擦测试的关键。通过总结分析国内外的微力测量仪器的工作原理,提出三种理论可行的方案设计,分别阐述了测力结构的工作原理并推导出摩擦力测量公式。对各结构方案进行可行性分析比较后,选定了一种基于弹性材料连接器的微动摩擦测试方案,依据此方案对微动摩擦测试仪测力部分进行结构设计,通过有限元仿真和实验验证该设计能够满足要求。
Fretting is a phenomenon that concerns mechanical components in contact that are designed to be static but having small relative displacements in practically due to external disturbances (typically in micro scale). Fretting between two contact surfaces always result in fretting wear and fretting corrosion. Combination effect of wear and corrosion can cause contact resistance increase and contact failure of electric connectors.
Research of tribology property of contact pairs during fretting process and its influence to electric contact, it is necessary to simulate the connector fretting progress and measure friction between contact pairs during fretting. In tribology field, present apparatuses are designed for macro or nano friction testing. However, with the normal force between 10mN and 2N, friction in fretting is neither macro friction nor nano one. The key technology in design is the measurement of micro scale force, whose range; precision and sensitivity are crucial parameters.
In this thesis, the structure design of fiction testing apparatus in fretting is performed. Several feasible structure schemes are proposed and compared. To each scheme, the structure design principles are introduced and formulas for friction measurement are derived. The best one for measuring of friction force of elastic connectors is chose. Then according to this scheme, the mechanical structure of friction measurement is designed. By means of finite element analysis and testing experiments, it has been found that the structure can meet the needs of design.
本文主要是为了设计一种能够加速模拟连接器的微动并测量接触对间摩擦力大小的实验装置,用以研究电连接器在微动中的摩擦特性及其对电接触的影响。因为目前在摩擦学领域,比较成熟的实验仪器和设备主要是适用于宏观摩擦学和纳米摩擦学的测试仪。而微动摩擦,其加载的接触压力大约在0到2N,介于宏观摩擦与微观摩擦之间,传统的摩擦测试仪已经无法适用于微动摩擦学的研究。
本文重点介绍了微动摩擦测试仪测力部分的结构设计,其核心部分是微力的测量,其摩擦力、正压力的测量范围、灵敏度等是微摩擦测试的关键。通过总结分析国内外的微力测量仪器的工作原理,提出三种理论可行的方案设计,分别阐述了测力结构的工作原理并推导出摩擦力测量公式。对各结构方案进行可行性分析比较后,选定了一种基于弹性材料连接器的微动摩擦测试方案,依据此方案对微动摩擦测试仪测力部分进行结构设计,通过有限元仿真和实验验证该设计能够满足要求。
Fretting is a phenomenon that concerns mechanical components in contact that are designed to be static but having small relative displacements in practically due to external disturbances (typically in micro scale). Fretting between two contact surfaces always result in fretting wear and fretting corrosion. Combination effect of wear and corrosion can cause contact resistance increase and contact failure of electric connectors.
Research of tribology property of contact pairs during fretting process and its influence to electric contact, it is necessary to simulate the connector fretting progress and measure friction between contact pairs during fretting. In tribology field, present apparatuses are designed for macro or nano friction testing. However, with the normal force between 10mN and 2N, friction in fretting is neither macro friction nor nano one. The key technology in design is the measurement of micro scale force, whose range; precision and sensitivity are crucial parameters.
In this thesis, the structure design of fiction testing apparatus in fretting is performed. Several feasible structure schemes are proposed and compared. To each scheme, the structure design principles are introduced and formulas for friction measurement are derived. The best one for measuring of friction force of elastic connectors is chose. Then according to this scheme, the mechanical structure of friction measurement is designed. By means of finite element analysis and testing experiments, it has been found that the structure can meet the needs of design.
引文
[1]温诗铸,黄平.摩擦学原理(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:302-305.
[2]刘文广,刘莹,李小兵.摩擦测试仪的研制[J].南昌大学学报:工科版,2004,26(1):5-8.
[3]黎海文,吴一辉,贾宏光,等.微摩擦测试仪力传感器的研究[J].光学精密工程,2002,10(4):388-391.
[4]周仲荣,Léo Vincent著.微动磨损[M].北京:科学出版社.2002:1-5.
[5]章继高.电接触理论与设计技术.电子机械技术(专辑).1984:15-20.
[6]邹继斌,孙桂瑛,齐毓霖,等.微负荷摩擦测试系统[J].摩擦学学报,1998,18(4):369-372.
[7]于正林,吴一辉,刘治华,等.光反射法微摩擦测试仪[J].中国机械工程,2005,16(14):1299-1302.
[8]李小兵,刘莹,郭纪林,等.微摩擦测试技术研究进展[J].润滑与密封,2006(7):178-181.
[9]杨明楚.计算机硬盘磁头/磁盘界面纳米摩擦学性能研究[D].北京:清华大学,2001.
[10]YuSun,D.P.Potasek,D.J.Belll,S.N.Fry,and B.J.Nelson,Drosophila Flight Force Measurements Using a MEMS Micro Force Sensor,in Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS,San Francisco,CA:2014-2017,2004.
[11]刘莹,温诗铸.微机电系统中微摩擦特性及控制研究[J].机械工程学报,2002,38(3):1-5.
[12]黎海文,吴一辉,贾宏光,等.微摩擦测试仪力传感器的研究[J].光学精密工程,2002,10(4):388-391.
[13]董海军,王三民,李建华,等.超固体润滑及其在微机械电子系统中的应用前景[J].机械科学与技术,2002,21(2):266-268.
[14]李科杰.新编传感器技术手册.北京:国防工业出版社.2002:617-635.
[15]林占江.电子测量技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2003:71-326.
[16]王昌明,孔德仁,何云峰编著.传感与测试技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005:96-284.
[17]徐灏.机械设计手册(第二版)第1卷.机械工业出版社.2000.
[18]上海交通大学,清华大学,上海机械学院合编.精密机械与仪器零件部件设计.上海交通大学出版社.1991:270-286.
[19]徐灏.机械设计手册(第二版)第3卷.机械工业出版社.2000.
[20]单辉徂.材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1999:174-187.
[21]李庆祥,王尔生,李玉和.现代精密仪器设计[M].清华大学出版社.2004,2.
[22]杨奋为.航天电连接器材料的选用及质量控制[J].机电元件:2002,2:21-29.
[23]K.Sawa,M.Hasegawa.Recent researches and new trends of electrical contacts,IEICE Trans.On Electronics,2000,Vol.E83-C,No.9:1363-1376.
[24]陈宏钧.实用机械加工工艺手册.机械工业出版社.1997.
[25]机械设计手册第一卷.机械工业出版社.1991.
[26]机械工程师手册.机械工业出版社.1989.
[27]Tsuchiya T,Tabata O,Sakata J,et al.Specimen size effect on tensile strength of surface micromachined polyerystalline silicon thin film[J].Microelectromechanical Syst.1998,7(1):106-113.
[28]罗东,芦娜,许良军.接触电阻测试系统中加力机构的设计[J].江苏电器.2006(2).
[29]龚曙光.ANSYS工程应用实例解析[M].北京:机械出版社.2003:3-7
[2]刘文广,刘莹,李小兵.摩擦测试仪的研制[J].南昌大学学报:工科版,2004,26(1):5-8.
[3]黎海文,吴一辉,贾宏光,等.微摩擦测试仪力传感器的研究[J].光学精密工程,2002,10(4):388-391.
[4]周仲荣,Léo Vincent著.微动磨损[M].北京:科学出版社.2002:1-5.
[5]章继高.电接触理论与设计技术.电子机械技术(专辑).1984:15-20.
[6]邹继斌,孙桂瑛,齐毓霖,等.微负荷摩擦测试系统[J].摩擦学学报,1998,18(4):369-372.
[7]于正林,吴一辉,刘治华,等.光反射法微摩擦测试仪[J].中国机械工程,2005,16(14):1299-1302.
[8]李小兵,刘莹,郭纪林,等.微摩擦测试技术研究进展[J].润滑与密封,2006(7):178-181.
[9]杨明楚.计算机硬盘磁头/磁盘界面纳米摩擦学性能研究[D].北京:清华大学,2001.
[10]YuSun,D.P.Potasek,D.J.Belll,S.N.Fry,and B.J.Nelson,Drosophila Flight Force Measurements Using a MEMS Micro Force Sensor,in Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS,San Francisco,CA:2014-2017,2004.
[11]刘莹,温诗铸.微机电系统中微摩擦特性及控制研究[J].机械工程学报,2002,38(3):1-5.
[12]黎海文,吴一辉,贾宏光,等.微摩擦测试仪力传感器的研究[J].光学精密工程,2002,10(4):388-391.
[13]董海军,王三民,李建华,等.超固体润滑及其在微机械电子系统中的应用前景[J].机械科学与技术,2002,21(2):266-268.
[14]李科杰.新编传感器技术手册.北京:国防工业出版社.2002:617-635.
[15]林占江.电子测量技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2003:71-326.
[16]王昌明,孔德仁,何云峰编著.传感与测试技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005:96-284.
[17]徐灏.机械设计手册(第二版)第1卷.机械工业出版社.2000.
[18]上海交通大学,清华大学,上海机械学院合编.精密机械与仪器零件部件设计.上海交通大学出版社.1991:270-286.
[19]徐灏.机械设计手册(第二版)第3卷.机械工业出版社.2000.
[20]单辉徂.材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1999:174-187.
[21]李庆祥,王尔生,李玉和.现代精密仪器设计[M].清华大学出版社.2004,2.
[22]杨奋为.航天电连接器材料的选用及质量控制[J].机电元件:2002,2:21-29.
[23]K.Sawa,M.Hasegawa.Recent researches and new trends of electrical contacts,IEICE Trans.On Electronics,2000,Vol.E83-C,No.9:1363-1376.
[24]陈宏钧.实用机械加工工艺手册.机械工业出版社.1997.
[25]机械设计手册第一卷.机械工业出版社.1991.
[26]机械工程师手册.机械工业出版社.1989.
[27]Tsuchiya T,Tabata O,Sakata J,et al.Specimen size effect on tensile strength of surface micromachined polyerystalline silicon thin film[J].Microelectromechanical Syst.1998,7(1):106-113.
[28]罗东,芦娜,许良军.接触电阻测试系统中加力机构的设计[J].江苏电器.2006(2).
[29]龚曙光.ANSYS工程应用实例解析[M].北京:机械出版社.2003:3-7