不同日粮中添加酸化剂、植物提取物和中草药对山羊体外发酵及甲烷产量的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究在苜蓿型、苜蓿+精料型、杂草型、杂草+精料型日粮中添加酸化剂、植物提取物和中草药对山羊体外发酵及甲烷产量的影响,以便寻找可以替代抗生素,提高山羊的能量利用效率和生产性能,抑制山羊甲烷排放所导致的“温室效应”的添加剂。
本研究共分为四个试验进行,分别在每种不同日粮类型中添加柠檬酸、复合酸化剂、苜蓿提取物、青蒿提取物、大黄和复合中草药6种不同的添加剂,每种添加剂设3个浓度,每个试验设正负对照组,负对照组为未添加组,正对照组为添加莫能菌素组。每个处理设6个重复。试验结果如下:
(1)对于苜蓿型日粮,莫能菌素未能在发酵24h时降低甲烷的产量,改善瘤胃发酵。而在各试验组中,添加1g/kg苜蓿提取物、2.5g/kg青蒿提取物、10g/kg大黄和20g/kg复合中草药组相对在发酵12h和24h时降低甲烷产量,降低挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)中乙酸的浓度,增加丙酸的浓度,从而降低了乙酸与丙酸的比例。1g/kg苜蓿提取物、2.5g/kg青蒿提取物、10g/kg大黄和20g/kg复合中草药组可以作为应用于苜蓿型日粮的绿色添加剂。
(2)在苜蓿+精料型日粮中,莫能菌素在发酵12h和24h时均能减少甲烷的产量,降低VFA中乙酸的浓度,增加丙酸的浓度,进而降低了乙酸与丙酸的比例。试验组各种添加剂对瘤胃发酵均有不同程度的改变。相比较而言,添加4g/kg柠檬酸、2 g/kg复合酸化剂、5 g/kg青蒿提取物、和40 g/kg大黄能在发酵12h和24h时均能降低甲烷产量,起到降低VFA中乙酸的浓度,增加丙酸的浓度,降低了乙酸与丙酸的比例。4 g/kg柠檬酸、2 g/kg复合酸化剂、3 gncg苜蓿提取物、5 g/kg青蒿提取物、和40g/kg大黄可以在苜蓿+精料型日粮中替代莫能菌素成为绿色添加剂的作用。
(3)对于杂草型日粮,莫能菌素未能在发酵24h时降低甲烷产量,改善瘤胃发酵。在各试验组中,添加8g/kg柠檬酸、4 g/kg复合酸化剂、5 g/kg苜蓿提取物、10 g/kg青蒿提取物和40 g/kg大黄能够在发酵12h和24h时降低甲烷产量,降低VFA中乙酸的浓度,增加丙酸的浓度,降低了乙酸与丙酸的比例。8 g/kg柠檬酸、4 g/kg复合酸化剂、5 g/kg苜蓿提取物、10 g/kg青蒿提取物和40 g/kg大黄可以作为应用于杂草型日粮的绿色添加剂。
(4)对于杂草+精料型日粮,莫能菌素能在发酵12h和24h时降低甲烷产量,改善瘤胃发酵。在各试验组中,添加4 g/kg复合酸化剂、5g/kg青蒿提取物、70 g/kg大黄在发酵12h和24h时均能降低甲烷产量,降低VFA中乙酸的浓度,增加丙酸的浓度,降低了乙酸与丙酸的比例。在杂草+精料型日粮中,4 g/kg复合酸化剂、5 g/kg青蒿提取物、70 g/kg大黄可以作为替代莫能菌素的绿色添加剂。
This study investigated the effect of supplementation of acidifiers,plant extracts and chinese herbal medicine on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane emission in goats in 4 different diets(alfalfa、alfalfa+concentration、native grass and native grass +concentration)to search the additives which can be potential alternatives to antibiotics to manipulate rumen fermention,decrease ruminal methane production, improve performance and decrease the "greenhouse effect" caused by the goats.
This study contained 4 trials,in which 4 different diets were supplemented with 6 different additives(citric acid、composite aeidifier、alfalfa extract、artemisiae annuae extract、rheum officinale and composite chinese herbal medicine) respectively.Every additive has 3 levels,there were a negative control(without supplementation) and a positive control(with monensin supplementation at 15 mg/kg).Every treatment has 6 replicates.The results as followed:
(1) for alfalfa typle diet,monensin didn't decrease the methane production and improve the rumen fermention at 24h.and addition of 1 g/kg alfalfa extract、2.5 g/kg artemisiae annuae extract、10 g/kg rheum officinale and 20 g/kg composite chinese herbal medicine supplemental decrease the methane production and improve the rumen fermention both at 12h and 24h,and also decrease the acetic acid proportion,increase the propionate proportion and so that acetic acid:propionate.1 g/kg alfalfa extract、2.5 g/kg artemisiae annuae extract、10 g/kg rheum officinale and 20 g/kg composite chinese herbal medicine can be green feed additives in alfalfa typle diet.
(2) for alfalfa+concentrate typle diet,addition of monensin can decrease the methane production and improve the rumen fermention both at 12h and 24h,and also decrease the acetic acid proportion,increase the propionate proportion and so that acetic acid:propionate.And addition of 4 g/kg citric acid、2 g/kg composite aeidifier、5 g/kg artemisiae annuae extract and 40 g/kg rheum officinale can decrease the methane production and improve the rumen fermention,and also decrease the acetic acid proportion,increase the propionate proportion and so that acetic acid propionate both at 12h and 24h.4 g/kg citric acid、2 g/kg composite acidifier、3 g/kg alfalfa extract、5 g/kg artemisiae annuae extract and 40 g/kg rheum officinale may be potential green alternatives to 15 mg/kg monensin in manipulating rumen fermentation and decreasing ruminal methane production.
(3) for native grass typle diet,monensin didn't decrease the methane production and improve the rumen fermention at 24h.addition of 8 g/kg citric acid、4 g/kg composite acidifier、5 g/kg alfalfa extract、10 g/kg artemisiae annuae extract and 40 g/kg rheum officinale can decrease the methane production and improve the rumen fermention,and also decrease the acetic acid proportion,increase the propionate proportion and so that acetic acid:propionate both at 12h and 24h.8 g/kg citric acid、4 g/kg composite acidifier、5 g/kg alfalfa extract、10 g/kg artemisiae annuae extract and 40 g/kg rheum officinale can be green feed additives in native grass typle diet.
(4) for native grass typle diet,addition of monensin can decrease the methane production and improve the rumen fermention both at 12h and 24h.addition of 4 g/kg composite acidifier、5 g/kg artemisiae annuae extract and 40 g/kg rheum officinale can decrease the methane production and improve the rumen fermention,and also decrease the acetic acid proportion,increase the propionate proportion and so that acetic acid: propionate both at 12h and 24h.4 g/kg composite acidifier、5 g/kg artemisiae annuae extract and 40 g/kg rheum officinale may be potential green alternatives to 15 mg/kg monensin in manipulating rumen fermentation and decreasing ruminal methane production.
本研究共分为四个试验进行,分别在每种不同日粮类型中添加柠檬酸、复合酸化剂、苜蓿提取物、青蒿提取物、大黄和复合中草药6种不同的添加剂,每种添加剂设3个浓度,每个试验设正负对照组,负对照组为未添加组,正对照组为添加莫能菌素组。每个处理设6个重复。试验结果如下:
(1)对于苜蓿型日粮,莫能菌素未能在发酵24h时降低甲烷的产量,改善瘤胃发酵。而在各试验组中,添加1g/kg苜蓿提取物、2.5g/kg青蒿提取物、10g/kg大黄和20g/kg复合中草药组相对在发酵12h和24h时降低甲烷产量,降低挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)中乙酸的浓度,增加丙酸的浓度,从而降低了乙酸与丙酸的比例。1g/kg苜蓿提取物、2.5g/kg青蒿提取物、10g/kg大黄和20g/kg复合中草药组可以作为应用于苜蓿型日粮的绿色添加剂。
(2)在苜蓿+精料型日粮中,莫能菌素在发酵12h和24h时均能减少甲烷的产量,降低VFA中乙酸的浓度,增加丙酸的浓度,进而降低了乙酸与丙酸的比例。试验组各种添加剂对瘤胃发酵均有不同程度的改变。相比较而言,添加4g/kg柠檬酸、2 g/kg复合酸化剂、5 g/kg青蒿提取物、和40 g/kg大黄能在发酵12h和24h时均能降低甲烷产量,起到降低VFA中乙酸的浓度,增加丙酸的浓度,降低了乙酸与丙酸的比例。4 g/kg柠檬酸、2 g/kg复合酸化剂、3 gncg苜蓿提取物、5 g/kg青蒿提取物、和40g/kg大黄可以在苜蓿+精料型日粮中替代莫能菌素成为绿色添加剂的作用。
(3)对于杂草型日粮,莫能菌素未能在发酵24h时降低甲烷产量,改善瘤胃发酵。在各试验组中,添加8g/kg柠檬酸、4 g/kg复合酸化剂、5 g/kg苜蓿提取物、10 g/kg青蒿提取物和40 g/kg大黄能够在发酵12h和24h时降低甲烷产量,降低VFA中乙酸的浓度,增加丙酸的浓度,降低了乙酸与丙酸的比例。8 g/kg柠檬酸、4 g/kg复合酸化剂、5 g/kg苜蓿提取物、10 g/kg青蒿提取物和40 g/kg大黄可以作为应用于杂草型日粮的绿色添加剂。
(4)对于杂草+精料型日粮,莫能菌素能在发酵12h和24h时降低甲烷产量,改善瘤胃发酵。在各试验组中,添加4 g/kg复合酸化剂、5g/kg青蒿提取物、70 g/kg大黄在发酵12h和24h时均能降低甲烷产量,降低VFA中乙酸的浓度,增加丙酸的浓度,降低了乙酸与丙酸的比例。在杂草+精料型日粮中,4 g/kg复合酸化剂、5 g/kg青蒿提取物、70 g/kg大黄可以作为替代莫能菌素的绿色添加剂。
This study investigated the effect of supplementation of acidifiers,plant extracts and chinese herbal medicine on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane emission in goats in 4 different diets(alfalfa、alfalfa+concentration、native grass and native grass +concentration)to search the additives which can be potential alternatives to antibiotics to manipulate rumen fermention,decrease ruminal methane production, improve performance and decrease the "greenhouse effect" caused by the goats.
This study contained 4 trials,in which 4 different diets were supplemented with 6 different additives(citric acid、composite aeidifier、alfalfa extract、artemisiae annuae extract、rheum officinale and composite chinese herbal medicine) respectively.Every additive has 3 levels,there were a negative control(without supplementation) and a positive control(with monensin supplementation at 15 mg/kg).Every treatment has 6 replicates.The results as followed:
(1) for alfalfa typle diet,monensin didn't decrease the methane production and improve the rumen fermention at 24h.and addition of 1 g/kg alfalfa extract、2.5 g/kg artemisiae annuae extract、10 g/kg rheum officinale and 20 g/kg composite chinese herbal medicine supplemental decrease the methane production and improve the rumen fermention both at 12h and 24h,and also decrease the acetic acid proportion,increase the propionate proportion and so that acetic acid:propionate.1 g/kg alfalfa extract、2.5 g/kg artemisiae annuae extract、10 g/kg rheum officinale and 20 g/kg composite chinese herbal medicine can be green feed additives in alfalfa typle diet.
(2) for alfalfa+concentrate typle diet,addition of monensin can decrease the methane production and improve the rumen fermention both at 12h and 24h,and also decrease the acetic acid proportion,increase the propionate proportion and so that acetic acid:propionate.And addition of 4 g/kg citric acid、2 g/kg composite aeidifier、5 g/kg artemisiae annuae extract and 40 g/kg rheum officinale can decrease the methane production and improve the rumen fermention,and also decrease the acetic acid proportion,increase the propionate proportion and so that acetic acid propionate both at 12h and 24h.4 g/kg citric acid、2 g/kg composite acidifier、3 g/kg alfalfa extract、5 g/kg artemisiae annuae extract and 40 g/kg rheum officinale may be potential green alternatives to 15 mg/kg monensin in manipulating rumen fermentation and decreasing ruminal methane production.
(3) for native grass typle diet,monensin didn't decrease the methane production and improve the rumen fermention at 24h.addition of 8 g/kg citric acid、4 g/kg composite acidifier、5 g/kg alfalfa extract、10 g/kg artemisiae annuae extract and 40 g/kg rheum officinale can decrease the methane production and improve the rumen fermention,and also decrease the acetic acid proportion,increase the propionate proportion and so that acetic acid:propionate both at 12h and 24h.8 g/kg citric acid、4 g/kg composite acidifier、5 g/kg alfalfa extract、10 g/kg artemisiae annuae extract and 40 g/kg rheum officinale can be green feed additives in native grass typle diet.
(4) for native grass typle diet,addition of monensin can decrease the methane production and improve the rumen fermention both at 12h and 24h.addition of 4 g/kg composite acidifier、5 g/kg artemisiae annuae extract and 40 g/kg rheum officinale can decrease the methane production and improve the rumen fermention,and also decrease the acetic acid proportion,increase the propionate proportion and so that acetic acid: propionate both at 12h and 24h.4 g/kg composite acidifier、5 g/kg artemisiae annuae extract and 40 g/kg rheum officinale may be potential green alternatives to 15 mg/kg monensin in manipulating rumen fermentation and decreasing ruminal methane production.
引文
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