日粮类型和不同日粮中添加矿物质对山羊体外发酵及甲烷产量的影响
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摘要
本研究选用健康、体重相近(39±1kg)的1岁龄南江黄羊4只,安装永久性瘤胃瘘管,利用体外产气技术研究不同日粮类型及不同类型日粮中添加矿物质添加剂对山羊瘤胃发酵及甲烷产量的影响。本研究共开展五个试验。
试验一,探讨四种类型日粮对山羊瘤胃发酵及甲烷产量的影响,按单因素试验设计,设四个水平,每种类型日粮(杂草型、杂草-精料型、苜蓿型、苜蓿精料型)为一个水平,每个水平六个重复。试验结果显示,发酵12小时和24小时时,四种类型日粮组总挥发性脂肪酸含量(TVFA)和氨态氮浓度无显著差异(P＞0.05)。与杂草型和苜蓿型日粮组比较,苜蓿-精料型和杂草精料型日粮组丙酸含量、乙酸:丙酸比、甲烷含量、总产气量和原虫数都差异显著(P＜0.05)。
试验二,探讨在山羊苜蓿型日粮中添加矿物质(白云石、沸石、膨润土)对瘤胃体外发酵和甲烷产量的影响。试验按3×3+2设计,分别为3种矿物质(白云石、膨涧土、沸石)和3种添加量(1%、3%、9%),并设两个对照组(空白对照组和添加莫能菌素组)。试验结果显示,与空白对照相比,日粮中添加9%的沸石发酵12小时和24小时能分别显著降低(P＜0.05)挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)中乙酸含量、乙酸∶丙酸比、甲烷含量,原虫数量,显著(P＜0.05)提高丙酸含量。添加9%的膨润土能显著(P＜0.05)降低发酵24 h的VFA中乙酸含量和乙酸∶丙酸比,有提高总产气量、减少原虫数量、和降低甲烷含量的趋势(P＞0.05)。添加9%的白云石有减少总产气量的趋势(P＞0.05)。
试验三,探讨在山羊杂草型日粮中添加矿物质(白云石、沸石、膨润土)对瘤胃体外发酵和甲烷产量的影响。试验设计同试验二。试验结果显示,与空白对照相比,日粮中添加3%的沸石发酵12小时和24小时能分别显著降低(P＜0.05)挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)中乙酸含量、乙酸∶丙酸比、甲烷含量,原虫数量,显著(P＜0.05)提高丙酸含量;添加9%的膨润土能显著(P＜0.05)提高发酵24 h的VFA中丙酸含量以及显著(P＜0.05)降低乙酸:丙酸比、甲烷含量和原虫数量。添加9%的白云石有减少总产气量的趋势(P＞0.05)。
试验四,探讨在山羊苜蓿-精料型日粮中添加矿物质(白云石、沸石、膨润土)对瘤胃体外发酵和甲烷产量的影响。试验设计同试验二。试验结果显示,与空白对照相比,日粮中添加3%的沸石能分别显著(P＜0.05)提高瘤胃发酵12 h和24 h的总产气量,同时降低(P＜0.05)挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)中乙酸含量、乙酸:丙酸比、甲烷含量;添加9%的膨润土能显著(P＜0.05)降低发酵24 h的VFA中乙酸含量和乙酸∶丙酸比,有降低原虫数和甲烷含量的趋势(P＞0.05)。添加3%的白云石有减少总产气量的趋势(P＞0.05)。
试验五,探讨在山羊杂草型日粮中添加矿物质(白云石、沸石、膨润土)对瘤胃体外发酵和甲烷产量的影响。试验设计同试验二。试验结果显示,与空白对照相比,日粮中添加9%的沸石发酵24小时能显著降低(P＜0.05)乙酸∶丙酸比、显著提高丙酸含量,显著减少甲烷含量和原虫数量;添加9%的膨润土能显著(P＜0.05)提高发酵24 h的VFA中丙酸含量和降低乙酸∶丙酸比,有减少甲烷含量和原虫数量的趋势(P＞0.05)。添加9%的白云石有减少总产气量的趋势(P＞0.05)。
综述所述,与杂草型和苜蓿型日粮类型比较,苜蓿-精料型日粮和杂草-精料型日粮能改善瘤胃发酵环境和减少甲烷产量。
四种日粮中添加9%的膨润土以及日粮中添加3%-9%的沸石能减少乙酸含量,增加丙酸含量,使瘤胃发酵趋向丙酸型,改善瘤胃发酵,从而减少甲烷产量。但四种日粮中添加1%-9%白云石并不能有效的调节瘤胃发酵,也不能减少甲烷的产量。
Four two-years old,healthy,wethers of 39±1kg body weight,with permanent ruminal cannulas were used as rumen liquor donors.The study examined the effects of diferent diets and supplememntation of three minerals into diference diets ration on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production in goats.Five experimental serials were conducted.
(Experiment 1) The experiment which with four levels(weeds diet, weeds-concentrate diet,alfalfa diet,alfalfa-concentrate diet,) was arranged in a sigal factorial design and each level was 6 repeats,The results showed that compared with weeds diet and alfalfa diet,weeds-concentrate diet and alfalfa-concentrate diet resulted in significant diference(P＜0.05) of total gas production(TGP),propionate content,acetate:propionate ratio and methane production during both 12 h and 24 h.
(Experiment 2) The experiment examined the effects of supplememntation of three minerals into an alfalfa diet ration on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production in goats.The experiment was arranged in a 3×3+2 factorial design,in which 3 minerals(zeolite,bentonite,and dolomite) were added at 3 levels(1%,3% and 9%),and there were two controls(negative control and monensin control).The results showed that compared with negative control,3%zeolite supplementation resulted in a decrease(P＜0.05) of acetate content in volatile fatty acids,acetate: propionate ratio and methane production during both 12 h and 24 h fermentation and an increase of propionate content.The 9%bentonite supplementation tended(P＞0.05) to decrease of total protozoa counting and methane production,but significantly decreased acetate content,acetate:propionate ratio.The 9%dolomite supplementation tended to(P＞0.05) decrease TGP during both 12h and 24h fermentation.
(Experiment 3) The experiment examined the effects of supplememntation of three minerals into a weeds diet ration on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production in goats.This experimental design the same to experiment 2.The results showed that compared with negative control,3%zeolite supplementation resulted in a decrease(P＜0.05) of acetate content in volatile fatty acids,acetate:propionate ratio and methane production during both 12 h and 24 h fermentation and an increase of propionate content.The 9%bentonite supplementation resulted in a decrease of total protozoa counting,acetate content,acetate:propionate ratio and an increase of propionate content.The 9%dolomite supplementation tended to(P＞0.05) decrease TGP during both 12h and 24h fermentation.
(Experiment 4) The experiment examined the effects of supplememntation of three minerals into an alfalfa-concentrate diet ration on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production in goats.This experimental Design the same to experiment 2.The results showed that compared with negative control,3%zeolite supplementation resulted in a decrease(P＜0.05) of acetate content in volatile fatty acids,acetate: propionate ratio and methane production during both 12 h and 24 h fermentation and an increase of propionate content and TGR The 9%bentonite supplementation tended(P＞0.05) to decrease of total protozoa counting and methane production,but significantly decreased acetate content,acetate:propionate ratio during 24 h fermentation.The 3%dolomite supplementation tended to(P＞0.05) decrease TGP during both 12h and 24h fermentation.
(Experiment 5) The experiment examined the effects of supplememntation of three minerals into a weeds-concentrate diet ration on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production in goats.This experimental Design the same to experiment 2.The results showed that compared with negative control,9%zeolite supplementation resulted in a decrease(P＜0.05) of total protozoa counting,acetate:propionate ratio and methane production during 24 h fermentation and an increase of propionate content.The 9%bentonite supplementation tended(P＞0.05) to decrease of total protozoa counting and methane production,but significantly increased propionate content and decreased acetate:propionate ratio.The 3%dolomite supplementation tended to(P＞0.05) decrease TGP during both 12h and 24h fermentation.
On the basis of the above,The results indicate that compared with weeds diet and alfalfa diet,weeds-concentrate diet and alfalfa-concentrate diet effective in improving rumen fermentation and reducing methane production and 3%,9%zeolite and 9% bentonite supplementation were effective in improving rumen fermentation (decreased acetate:propionate ratio)and reducing methane production and dolomite supplementation were not effective in improving rumen fermentation(decreased acetate:propionate ratio)and reducing methane production.
试验一,探讨四种类型日粮对山羊瘤胃发酵及甲烷产量的影响,按单因素试验设计,设四个水平,每种类型日粮(杂草型、杂草-精料型、苜蓿型、苜蓿精料型)为一个水平,每个水平六个重复。试验结果显示,发酵12小时和24小时时,四种类型日粮组总挥发性脂肪酸含量(TVFA)和氨态氮浓度无显著差异(P＞0.05)。与杂草型和苜蓿型日粮组比较,苜蓿-精料型和杂草精料型日粮组丙酸含量、乙酸:丙酸比、甲烷含量、总产气量和原虫数都差异显著(P＜0.05)。
试验二,探讨在山羊苜蓿型日粮中添加矿物质(白云石、沸石、膨润土)对瘤胃体外发酵和甲烷产量的影响。试验按3×3+2设计,分别为3种矿物质(白云石、膨涧土、沸石)和3种添加量(1%、3%、9%),并设两个对照组(空白对照组和添加莫能菌素组)。试验结果显示,与空白对照相比,日粮中添加9%的沸石发酵12小时和24小时能分别显著降低(P＜0.05)挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)中乙酸含量、乙酸∶丙酸比、甲烷含量,原虫数量,显著(P＜0.05)提高丙酸含量。添加9%的膨润土能显著(P＜0.05)降低发酵24 h的VFA中乙酸含量和乙酸∶丙酸比,有提高总产气量、减少原虫数量、和降低甲烷含量的趋势(P＞0.05)。添加9%的白云石有减少总产气量的趋势(P＞0.05)。
试验三,探讨在山羊杂草型日粮中添加矿物质(白云石、沸石、膨润土)对瘤胃体外发酵和甲烷产量的影响。试验设计同试验二。试验结果显示,与空白对照相比,日粮中添加3%的沸石发酵12小时和24小时能分别显著降低(P＜0.05)挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)中乙酸含量、乙酸∶丙酸比、甲烷含量,原虫数量,显著(P＜0.05)提高丙酸含量;添加9%的膨润土能显著(P＜0.05)提高发酵24 h的VFA中丙酸含量以及显著(P＜0.05)降低乙酸:丙酸比、甲烷含量和原虫数量。添加9%的白云石有减少总产气量的趋势(P＞0.05)。
试验四,探讨在山羊苜蓿-精料型日粮中添加矿物质(白云石、沸石、膨润土)对瘤胃体外发酵和甲烷产量的影响。试验设计同试验二。试验结果显示,与空白对照相比,日粮中添加3%的沸石能分别显著(P＜0.05)提高瘤胃发酵12 h和24 h的总产气量,同时降低(P＜0.05)挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)中乙酸含量、乙酸:丙酸比、甲烷含量;添加9%的膨润土能显著(P＜0.05)降低发酵24 h的VFA中乙酸含量和乙酸∶丙酸比,有降低原虫数和甲烷含量的趋势(P＞0.05)。添加3%的白云石有减少总产气量的趋势(P＞0.05)。
试验五,探讨在山羊杂草型日粮中添加矿物质(白云石、沸石、膨润土)对瘤胃体外发酵和甲烷产量的影响。试验设计同试验二。试验结果显示,与空白对照相比,日粮中添加9%的沸石发酵24小时能显著降低(P＜0.05)乙酸∶丙酸比、显著提高丙酸含量,显著减少甲烷含量和原虫数量;添加9%的膨润土能显著(P＜0.05)提高发酵24 h的VFA中丙酸含量和降低乙酸∶丙酸比,有减少甲烷含量和原虫数量的趋势(P＞0.05)。添加9%的白云石有减少总产气量的趋势(P＞0.05)。
综述所述,与杂草型和苜蓿型日粮类型比较,苜蓿-精料型日粮和杂草-精料型日粮能改善瘤胃发酵环境和减少甲烷产量。
四种日粮中添加9%的膨润土以及日粮中添加3%-9%的沸石能减少乙酸含量,增加丙酸含量,使瘤胃发酵趋向丙酸型,改善瘤胃发酵,从而减少甲烷产量。但四种日粮中添加1%-9%白云石并不能有效的调节瘤胃发酵,也不能减少甲烷的产量。
Four two-years old,healthy,wethers of 39±1kg body weight,with permanent ruminal cannulas were used as rumen liquor donors.The study examined the effects of diferent diets and supplememntation of three minerals into diference diets ration on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production in goats.Five experimental serials were conducted.
(Experiment 1) The experiment which with four levels(weeds diet, weeds-concentrate diet,alfalfa diet,alfalfa-concentrate diet,) was arranged in a sigal factorial design and each level was 6 repeats,The results showed that compared with weeds diet and alfalfa diet,weeds-concentrate diet and alfalfa-concentrate diet resulted in significant diference(P＜0.05) of total gas production(TGP),propionate content,acetate:propionate ratio and methane production during both 12 h and 24 h.
(Experiment 2) The experiment examined the effects of supplememntation of three minerals into an alfalfa diet ration on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production in goats.The experiment was arranged in a 3×3+2 factorial design,in which 3 minerals(zeolite,bentonite,and dolomite) were added at 3 levels(1%,3% and 9%),and there were two controls(negative control and monensin control).The results showed that compared with negative control,3%zeolite supplementation resulted in a decrease(P＜0.05) of acetate content in volatile fatty acids,acetate: propionate ratio and methane production during both 12 h and 24 h fermentation and an increase of propionate content.The 9%bentonite supplementation tended(P＞0.05) to decrease of total protozoa counting and methane production,but significantly decreased acetate content,acetate:propionate ratio.The 9%dolomite supplementation tended to(P＞0.05) decrease TGP during both 12h and 24h fermentation.
(Experiment 3) The experiment examined the effects of supplememntation of three minerals into a weeds diet ration on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production in goats.This experimental design the same to experiment 2.The results showed that compared with negative control,3%zeolite supplementation resulted in a decrease(P＜0.05) of acetate content in volatile fatty acids,acetate:propionate ratio and methane production during both 12 h and 24 h fermentation and an increase of propionate content.The 9%bentonite supplementation resulted in a decrease of total protozoa counting,acetate content,acetate:propionate ratio and an increase of propionate content.The 9%dolomite supplementation tended to(P＞0.05) decrease TGP during both 12h and 24h fermentation.
(Experiment 4) The experiment examined the effects of supplememntation of three minerals into an alfalfa-concentrate diet ration on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production in goats.This experimental Design the same to experiment 2.The results showed that compared with negative control,3%zeolite supplementation resulted in a decrease(P＜0.05) of acetate content in volatile fatty acids,acetate: propionate ratio and methane production during both 12 h and 24 h fermentation and an increase of propionate content and TGR The 9%bentonite supplementation tended(P＞0.05) to decrease of total protozoa counting and methane production,but significantly decreased acetate content,acetate:propionate ratio during 24 h fermentation.The 3%dolomite supplementation tended to(P＞0.05) decrease TGP during both 12h and 24h fermentation.
(Experiment 5) The experiment examined the effects of supplememntation of three minerals into a weeds-concentrate diet ration on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production in goats.This experimental Design the same to experiment 2.The results showed that compared with negative control,9%zeolite supplementation resulted in a decrease(P＜0.05) of total protozoa counting,acetate:propionate ratio and methane production during 24 h fermentation and an increase of propionate content.The 9%bentonite supplementation tended(P＞0.05) to decrease of total protozoa counting and methane production,but significantly increased propionate content and decreased acetate:propionate ratio.The 3%dolomite supplementation tended to(P＞0.05) decrease TGP during both 12h and 24h fermentation.
On the basis of the above,The results indicate that compared with weeds diet and alfalfa diet,weeds-concentrate diet and alfalfa-concentrate diet effective in improving rumen fermentation and reducing methane production and 3%,9%zeolite and 9% bentonite supplementation were effective in improving rumen fermentation (decreased acetate:propionate ratio)and reducing methane production and dolomite supplementation were not effective in improving rumen fermentation(decreased acetate:propionate ratio)and reducing methane production.
引文
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