基于精益六西格玛建造的工程项目优化研究
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摘要
工程项目的优化问题不是一个新问题,但到目前为止仍是一个需要深入研究的问题。现有的优化方法仅靠其自身解决实际工程优化问题的能力很有限,需要对这些研究进行合理的整合来改善优化效果。近年来兴起的精益和六西格玛管理,尤其是将两者有机结合起来的精益六西格玛管理,为各行各业的管理问题提供了新的管理文化和思想。本文正是将精益六西格玛管理方法和思想运用到建筑行业的一次尝试,并将它与系统分析的思想结合起来运用到工程项目的优化问题中,希望从理论上丰富这一领域的研究,从实践上更好的解决工程项目的优化问题。本文的研究成果概括如下:
(1)运用系统分析思想,建立基于精益六西格玛建造的工程项目优化系统。提出精益六西格玛建造的概念,建立基于精益六西格玛建造的工程项目优化系统,包括三个子系统:工序流程优化子系统、多目标优化子系统、绩效保证子系统。三个子系统有机结合,互相促进,能够最大限度的实现对工程项目的优化。
(2)建立基于精益六西格玛建造理论的工程项目多目标优化模型。作用是在第一个子系统对每个工序、流程、服务优化的基础上,进行工程质量、工期、成本、服务等多目标的组合优化,最大限度、最合理的满足顾客对这些目标的要求,提高顾客对建设项目的满意度。
(3)为了适应多目标优化模型的求解,在优化技术与方法方面,通过对微粒群(PSO)算法进行改进,引入多目标微粒群(MOPSO)算法,并对所建模型进行计算机编程运算。通过与遗传算法(GA)、演化规划(EP)以及其它基于梯度的优化算法比较,发现PSO是一种在搜索性能上更有优、实际操作上更加方便的算法,更加适合本文模型的求解。
(4)为了解决工程项目优化方案在实际操作过程中效果不明显的问题,建立了基于六西格玛计分卡的绩效保证子系统。采用六西格玛记分卡的指标体系对工程项目的优化从执行层面进行绩效和保证。
实例研究证明本文给出的优化系统可以产生很好的优化效果。
Project optimization problem is not a new problem, but so far is still a problem for further study. Although had all kinds of research to this question, the ability of the existing optimized method are very limited to solve the actual project optimized question only depends on its own. In order to enhance the optimized effect of the engineering project, we need to integrate the research rationally. In recent years the rise of lean and Six Sigma management, in particular the combination of the Lean and Six Sigma management, provides the management of our businesses a new management culture and ideas. Of course, it will also affect the construction industry.
This article is the first attempt to apply Six Sigma management methods and thinking to the construction industry. The article apply the lean six sigma management and the thinking of system analysis to the project multi-objective optimization problems, with the hope that enrich the research in the field in theory, and solve project optimization problem better in practice. This article research results can be summarized as follows:
(1)After analyzing the superiority of lean six sigma management and the necessity and feasibility of lean six sigma management used to construction industry, the article proposed the concept of lean six sigma construction. Using the thinking of system analysis, the article built up the system of the optimization of construction project based on Lean and Six Sigma construction. The system includes three subsystems, named: process optimization subsystem, multi-objective optimization subsystems, performance guarantee subsystem. Organic combination and mutual promotion of the three subsystems can maximize the optimization of the project.
(2)After analyzing the goals of the lean six sigma construction, the article established multi-objective optimization model which have the goals of the quality, the time, the cost, the service. The model function is multi-objective combination optimizations of the project quality, the time, the cost, the service based on the first subsystem witch have optimized each working procedure, the flow, the service. The model can meet customer requirements of these goals to maximum, then to improve customer satisfaction.
(3)In order to adapt the solution of the multi-objective optimization model, the article introduces the multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) in the optimization techniques and the method aspect and carries on the computer programming operation to the model. Comparing with genetic algorithms (GA), evolved Programming (EP), as well as other gradient-based optimization algorithm, we found that PSO is a kind of algorithms more gifted in the search ability, more convenient in the actual operation than others, so more suitable for solving the model in the article.
(4)In order to solve the problem of not obvious effect in the actual operation process of optimization, the article established the achievements guarantee subsystem based on six sigma Scorecard. Using Six Sigma scorecard indicators system, we ensure the performance of projects optimization from the implementation levels. Measurement indicators of Six Sigma Scorecard metrics are more process-oriented rather than function level. The article chooses an appropriate set of indicators from the large number of indicators to ensure optimization activities.
Case study proves that the optimization system in this paper can produce a good effect.
(1)运用系统分析思想,建立基于精益六西格玛建造的工程项目优化系统。提出精益六西格玛建造的概念,建立基于精益六西格玛建造的工程项目优化系统,包括三个子系统:工序流程优化子系统、多目标优化子系统、绩效保证子系统。三个子系统有机结合,互相促进,能够最大限度的实现对工程项目的优化。
(2)建立基于精益六西格玛建造理论的工程项目多目标优化模型。作用是在第一个子系统对每个工序、流程、服务优化的基础上,进行工程质量、工期、成本、服务等多目标的组合优化,最大限度、最合理的满足顾客对这些目标的要求,提高顾客对建设项目的满意度。
(3)为了适应多目标优化模型的求解,在优化技术与方法方面,通过对微粒群(PSO)算法进行改进,引入多目标微粒群(MOPSO)算法,并对所建模型进行计算机编程运算。通过与遗传算法(GA)、演化规划(EP)以及其它基于梯度的优化算法比较,发现PSO是一种在搜索性能上更有优、实际操作上更加方便的算法,更加适合本文模型的求解。
(4)为了解决工程项目优化方案在实际操作过程中效果不明显的问题,建立了基于六西格玛计分卡的绩效保证子系统。采用六西格玛记分卡的指标体系对工程项目的优化从执行层面进行绩效和保证。
实例研究证明本文给出的优化系统可以产生很好的优化效果。
Project optimization problem is not a new problem, but so far is still a problem for further study. Although had all kinds of research to this question, the ability of the existing optimized method are very limited to solve the actual project optimized question only depends on its own. In order to enhance the optimized effect of the engineering project, we need to integrate the research rationally. In recent years the rise of lean and Six Sigma management, in particular the combination of the Lean and Six Sigma management, provides the management of our businesses a new management culture and ideas. Of course, it will also affect the construction industry.
This article is the first attempt to apply Six Sigma management methods and thinking to the construction industry. The article apply the lean six sigma management and the thinking of system analysis to the project multi-objective optimization problems, with the hope that enrich the research in the field in theory, and solve project optimization problem better in practice. This article research results can be summarized as follows:
(1)After analyzing the superiority of lean six sigma management and the necessity and feasibility of lean six sigma management used to construction industry, the article proposed the concept of lean six sigma construction. Using the thinking of system analysis, the article built up the system of the optimization of construction project based on Lean and Six Sigma construction. The system includes three subsystems, named: process optimization subsystem, multi-objective optimization subsystems, performance guarantee subsystem. Organic combination and mutual promotion of the three subsystems can maximize the optimization of the project.
(2)After analyzing the goals of the lean six sigma construction, the article established multi-objective optimization model which have the goals of the quality, the time, the cost, the service. The model function is multi-objective combination optimizations of the project quality, the time, the cost, the service based on the first subsystem witch have optimized each working procedure, the flow, the service. The model can meet customer requirements of these goals to maximum, then to improve customer satisfaction.
(3)In order to adapt the solution of the multi-objective optimization model, the article introduces the multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) in the optimization techniques and the method aspect and carries on the computer programming operation to the model. Comparing with genetic algorithms (GA), evolved Programming (EP), as well as other gradient-based optimization algorithm, we found that PSO is a kind of algorithms more gifted in the search ability, more convenient in the actual operation than others, so more suitable for solving the model in the article.
(4)In order to solve the problem of not obvious effect in the actual operation process of optimization, the article established the achievements guarantee subsystem based on six sigma Scorecard. Using Six Sigma scorecard indicators system, we ensure the performance of projects optimization from the implementation levels. Measurement indicators of Six Sigma Scorecard metrics are more process-oriented rather than function level. The article chooses an appropriate set of indicators from the large number of indicators to ensure optimization activities.
Case study proves that the optimization system in this paper can produce a good effect.
引文
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