准时化理论在精益建设中的应用
摘要
随着现代工程项目规模越来越大,工程项目管理的过程也变得越来越复杂和困难,尽管现在应用于工程项目管理的各种理论、方法、手段多种多样,但还是无法很好的解决工程项目建设过程中的时间、资源、沟通等上的浪费,无法很好的满足预期目标。因此人们期待新的管理理论和方法能够应用于项目管理。本文通过对准时化理论、精益思想的研究,提出了利用流程图进行项目管理的理论方法,这将为工程项目管理提供一种新的理论指导,让今后的工程项目管理有新的理论可以引用。
现阶段我国建筑企业中管理思想和方法水平普遍不高,如何运用准时化理论来进行建筑企业工程项目精益建设的研究应用,如何结合精益思想来选择合适的工程项目的综合管理方法,构建适应我国建筑企业的实际情况的工程项目管理体系,这也是本论文的难点和创新点。
本文采用理论联系实际的分析方法,以精益思想在工程项目管理的应用为研究对象,通过参考有关文献广泛收集资料的基础上,对精益思想的应用作了一定的分析,对如何将精益思想根据国内实际情况应用到工程项目管理中进行研究。
本文首先,通过对准时化理论及精益生产的产生进行分析介绍,在对精益建设思想有了初步了解之后对精益建设思想进行阐述。文章主要从精益设计、精益采购、精益施工三个方面进行阐述。1.在精益设计中主要从对设计者提出要求的角度进行阐述,即明确设计任务及限制条件、设计者对施工有一定程度了解、设计者及时与业主的其他方沟通、最后对业主进行设计质量控制给出了一定建议。2.在精益采购的阐述中主要强调进行准时化采购的重要性。3.在对精益施工的阐述中,主要从项目管理的三大目标时间、成本、质量三个方面进行展开,解释了在施工中如何利用精益思想进行这三方面管理,最终达成三大目标的均衡最优,此外对于工程上非常重要的安全管理方面也给予了一定的阐述。其次,在对统一建模语言UML中交互图进行深入分析后,将交互图做适当改变,对图中一些图标进行重新定义,形成一种新的流程图,之后引入工程项目管理中,作为一种新的项目流程管理工具。最后,通过对新流程图在采购及施工中的模拟应用的两个案例的分析,阐述了该流程图该如何运用到实际的项目管理中。
With the increasing growth of the project scale of modern project, the management of projects is becoming more and more complex and difficult. Despite various theories, methods and tools which are applied in project management, the waste of time, resource, and communication in project construction still remains problem and target can not be met as expected. Therefore, people hope that there will be new management theories and methods which can be used in the project management. With the research of JIT theory and lean thoughts, the thesis put forward the theory of project management by using the flow chart, which provides a new theory direction for project management, and allows the use of new theories in the project management in the future.
Currently, the level of management thoughts and methods is not very high. Then how to make research on the lean construction of projects for construction enterprises by using JIT theory, how to choose the proper comprehensive management methods of projects by combing the lean thoughts, and how to construct the project management system which fits the reality of the construction enterprises in our company. These are points where the difficulties and creativity lies.
Adopting the method of linking theory with practice, targeting the application of lean thoughts in the project management, based on the references of literatures and wide collection of data, the thesis make certain analysis of the application of lean thoughts, and make a research on how to apply the lean thoughts in project management according to the domestic reality. By introducing the emergence of JIT theory and LP, the thesis will firstly elaborate the lean construction thoughts after primary understanding of them. The thesis will elaborate from three aspects: lean design, lean purchase, and lean construction.
1. In lean design, the writer may elaborate from the aspect of the requirement raised by the designer, namely, define the design task and limits, the designer should understand the construction in some degree, designer should communicate with the owner in time and at last give some advices to them on the quality control of the design.
2. In the elaborate of lean purchase, the importance of JIT purchase is focused.
3. the elaboration of lean construction starts from the three targets of project management: time, cost and quality. It is explained that how to manage the three aspects by using lean thoughts in construction and finally reach the balances of the three targets. Besides, certain elaboration is given to the security management which is very important in projects. And then after deep analysis of the Interaction diagrams in UML, the writer make certain changes to Interaction diagrams and develop a new flow chart, which is introduced into project management as a new project flow management tools. Finally, by analysis of the 2 cases where the new flow chart is used in purchase and construction, the writer elaborate how to use the flow chart in the actual project management.
现阶段我国建筑企业中管理思想和方法水平普遍不高,如何运用准时化理论来进行建筑企业工程项目精益建设的研究应用,如何结合精益思想来选择合适的工程项目的综合管理方法,构建适应我国建筑企业的实际情况的工程项目管理体系,这也是本论文的难点和创新点。
本文采用理论联系实际的分析方法,以精益思想在工程项目管理的应用为研究对象,通过参考有关文献广泛收集资料的基础上,对精益思想的应用作了一定的分析,对如何将精益思想根据国内实际情况应用到工程项目管理中进行研究。
本文首先,通过对准时化理论及精益生产的产生进行分析介绍,在对精益建设思想有了初步了解之后对精益建设思想进行阐述。文章主要从精益设计、精益采购、精益施工三个方面进行阐述。1.在精益设计中主要从对设计者提出要求的角度进行阐述,即明确设计任务及限制条件、设计者对施工有一定程度了解、设计者及时与业主的其他方沟通、最后对业主进行设计质量控制给出了一定建议。2.在精益采购的阐述中主要强调进行准时化采购的重要性。3.在对精益施工的阐述中,主要从项目管理的三大目标时间、成本、质量三个方面进行展开,解释了在施工中如何利用精益思想进行这三方面管理,最终达成三大目标的均衡最优,此外对于工程上非常重要的安全管理方面也给予了一定的阐述。其次,在对统一建模语言UML中交互图进行深入分析后,将交互图做适当改变,对图中一些图标进行重新定义,形成一种新的流程图,之后引入工程项目管理中,作为一种新的项目流程管理工具。最后,通过对新流程图在采购及施工中的模拟应用的两个案例的分析,阐述了该流程图该如何运用到实际的项目管理中。
With the increasing growth of the project scale of modern project, the management of projects is becoming more and more complex and difficult. Despite various theories, methods and tools which are applied in project management, the waste of time, resource, and communication in project construction still remains problem and target can not be met as expected. Therefore, people hope that there will be new management theories and methods which can be used in the project management. With the research of JIT theory and lean thoughts, the thesis put forward the theory of project management by using the flow chart, which provides a new theory direction for project management, and allows the use of new theories in the project management in the future.
Currently, the level of management thoughts and methods is not very high. Then how to make research on the lean construction of projects for construction enterprises by using JIT theory, how to choose the proper comprehensive management methods of projects by combing the lean thoughts, and how to construct the project management system which fits the reality of the construction enterprises in our company. These are points where the difficulties and creativity lies.
Adopting the method of linking theory with practice, targeting the application of lean thoughts in the project management, based on the references of literatures and wide collection of data, the thesis make certain analysis of the application of lean thoughts, and make a research on how to apply the lean thoughts in project management according to the domestic reality. By introducing the emergence of JIT theory and LP, the thesis will firstly elaborate the lean construction thoughts after primary understanding of them. The thesis will elaborate from three aspects: lean design, lean purchase, and lean construction.
1. In lean design, the writer may elaborate from the aspect of the requirement raised by the designer, namely, define the design task and limits, the designer should understand the construction in some degree, designer should communicate with the owner in time and at last give some advices to them on the quality control of the design.
2. In the elaborate of lean purchase, the importance of JIT purchase is focused.
3. the elaboration of lean construction starts from the three targets of project management: time, cost and quality. It is explained that how to manage the three aspects by using lean thoughts in construction and finally reach the balances of the three targets. Besides, certain elaboration is given to the security management which is very important in projects. And then after deep analysis of the Interaction diagrams in UML, the writer make certain changes to Interaction diagrams and develop a new flow chart, which is introduced into project management as a new project flow management tools. Finally, by analysis of the 2 cases where the new flow chart is used in purchase and construction, the writer elaborate how to use the flow chart in the actual project management.
引文
[1]程鸿群.工程项目管理学. [M].武汉武汉大学出版社2008
[2]刘永新.我国工程项目管理现状及发展对策.[J].河北建筑工程学院学报.2007.25(2):129-131.
[3]刘树华,鲁建厦,王家尧.精益生产.[M].北京机械工业出版社2010.1
[4] (美)杰弗里·莱克著,丰田汽车案例:精益制造的14项管理原则(李芳龄译),中国财政经济出版,2004, 1~263
[5]黎国华,许宁.企业精益生产管理探讨.中国建材.2006. 4
[6]朱永庚.工程精益管理.[M].天津.天津大学出版社.2009
[7] Luis F.Alarcon and Rodrigo Calderon, Implementing Lean Production Strategies in Construction Companies, Construction Research 2003:1~8
[8] Lauri Koskela .Special Issue:Lean Construction[J]. VTT Building Technology ,2001(1).[4]
[9]于彦.准时化采购策略研究.[J].科技信息.2006
[10]金昊.浅谈精益建设在建筑工程项目管理中的应用.[J].实务.2008.26-31.
[11]熊巍.精益建设——工程项目管理的新模式.[J].综合管理.2009.184-185
[12]邱光宁,刘荣桂.在我国建筑业推行精益建设的研究[J].建筑经济,2007(1):56~58
[13]邱光宇等.精益建设在我国运行的可行性研究[J].四川建筑科学研究,2008(4)
[14]邱光宇.精益建设的理论体系及其在我国建筑业运行的研究.[D].江苏.江苏大学.2007
[15]肖智军等,精益生产方式JIT,海天出版社,2002, 1一85
[16]黎国华,许宁.企业精益生产管理探讨.中国建材.2006. 4
[17]姚淑珍、李虎.UML和模式应用:面向对象分析与设计导论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[18]吴泷.精益成本管理模式及其启示,西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版)2004.7
[19]李儒勋.JIT采购系统的一体化开发与UML模型.[D].四川.四川大学.2005.
[20]吴泷.精益成本管理模式及其启示,西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版)2004.7
[21]鲁天掸.基于精益思想的建筑企业工程项目成本管理研究.[D].西安.西安建筑科技大学.2008
[22]堪述勇,陈荣秋.论JIT环境下制造商与供应商之间的关系,管理工程学报,1998.9
[23] LMohammed Fadhil Dulaimi, Caroline Tanamas. The Principles and Applications of Lean Construction in Singapore.2000
[24]孙少雄.如何推行5S[M] .厦门:厦门大学出版社,2001
[25]周三多等.生产管理[M] .南京:南京大学出版社,1998.
[26]赵道致.精益建造理论及其实施研究建筑管理现代化2005. 01
[27]李瑞进.精益建造理论及其在工程项目中的应用研究.[D].天津.天津大学.2006
[28] Lifecycle Assessment for Sustainable Design Options of a Commercial Building in Shanghai[A]. Building And Environment, June 2010: 1415-1421
[29]金昊.浅谈精益建设在建筑工程项目管理中的应用.[J].实务.2008.26-31
[30]熊巍.精益建设——工程项目管理的新模式.[J].综合管理.2009.184-185
[31] Life Cycle Costing– a Tool for Decision[J]. Facilities, Vol 5, No 8, August 1987: 4-10
[32] Lifecycle Assessment for Sustainable Design Options of a Commercial Building in Shanghai[A]. Building And Environment, June 2010: 1415-1421.
[33]金昊.浅谈精益建设在建筑工程项目管理中的应用.[J].实务.2008.26-31
[34]刘如兵.试论精益思想在工程项目管理中的运用.[J].项目管理.2008.10.
[35] LMohammed Fadhil Dulaimi, Caroline Tanamas. The Principles and Applications of Lean Construction in Singapore.2000
[36] Innovative construction management method: Assessment of lean construction implementation[J]KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering.Vol. 10, No. 6 / November 2006
[37] Sven Bertelsen. Lean Construction:Where Are we And How to Proceed. The12th Annual Conference of IGLC. 2004
[38]俞斌.准时化库存控制讨论.[J].科技管理.2005
[39] Sven Bertelsen Lean Construction in Denmark-a brief overview, 20 December 2002
[2]刘永新.我国工程项目管理现状及发展对策.[J].河北建筑工程学院学报.2007.25(2):129-131.
[3]刘树华,鲁建厦,王家尧.精益生产.[M].北京机械工业出版社2010.1
[4] (美)杰弗里·莱克著,丰田汽车案例:精益制造的14项管理原则(李芳龄译),中国财政经济出版,2004, 1~263
[5]黎国华,许宁.企业精益生产管理探讨.中国建材.2006. 4
[6]朱永庚.工程精益管理.[M].天津.天津大学出版社.2009
[7] Luis F.Alarcon and Rodrigo Calderon, Implementing Lean Production Strategies in Construction Companies, Construction Research 2003:1~8
[8] Lauri Koskela .Special Issue:Lean Construction[J]. VTT Building Technology ,2001(1).[4]
[9]于彦.准时化采购策略研究.[J].科技信息.2006
[10]金昊.浅谈精益建设在建筑工程项目管理中的应用.[J].实务.2008.26-31.
[11]熊巍.精益建设——工程项目管理的新模式.[J].综合管理.2009.184-185
[12]邱光宁,刘荣桂.在我国建筑业推行精益建设的研究[J].建筑经济,2007(1):56~58
[13]邱光宇等.精益建设在我国运行的可行性研究[J].四川建筑科学研究,2008(4)
[14]邱光宇.精益建设的理论体系及其在我国建筑业运行的研究.[D].江苏.江苏大学.2007
[15]肖智军等,精益生产方式JIT,海天出版社,2002, 1一85
[16]黎国华,许宁.企业精益生产管理探讨.中国建材.2006. 4
[17]姚淑珍、李虎.UML和模式应用:面向对象分析与设计导论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[18]吴泷.精益成本管理模式及其启示,西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版)2004.7
[19]李儒勋.JIT采购系统的一体化开发与UML模型.[D].四川.四川大学.2005.
[20]吴泷.精益成本管理模式及其启示,西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版)2004.7
[21]鲁天掸.基于精益思想的建筑企业工程项目成本管理研究.[D].西安.西安建筑科技大学.2008
[22]堪述勇,陈荣秋.论JIT环境下制造商与供应商之间的关系,管理工程学报,1998.9
[23] LMohammed Fadhil Dulaimi, Caroline Tanamas. The Principles and Applications of Lean Construction in Singapore.2000
[24]孙少雄.如何推行5S[M] .厦门:厦门大学出版社,2001
[25]周三多等.生产管理[M] .南京:南京大学出版社,1998.
[26]赵道致.精益建造理论及其实施研究建筑管理现代化2005. 01
[27]李瑞进.精益建造理论及其在工程项目中的应用研究.[D].天津.天津大学.2006
[28] Lifecycle Assessment for Sustainable Design Options of a Commercial Building in Shanghai[A]. Building And Environment, June 2010: 1415-1421
[29]金昊.浅谈精益建设在建筑工程项目管理中的应用.[J].实务.2008.26-31
[30]熊巍.精益建设——工程项目管理的新模式.[J].综合管理.2009.184-185
[31] Life Cycle Costing– a Tool for Decision[J]. Facilities, Vol 5, No 8, August 1987: 4-10
[32] Lifecycle Assessment for Sustainable Design Options of a Commercial Building in Shanghai[A]. Building And Environment, June 2010: 1415-1421.
[33]金昊.浅谈精益建设在建筑工程项目管理中的应用.[J].实务.2008.26-31
[34]刘如兵.试论精益思想在工程项目管理中的运用.[J].项目管理.2008.10.
[35] LMohammed Fadhil Dulaimi, Caroline Tanamas. The Principles and Applications of Lean Construction in Singapore.2000
[36] Innovative construction management method: Assessment of lean construction implementation[J]KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering.Vol. 10, No. 6 / November 2006
[37] Sven Bertelsen. Lean Construction:Where Are we And How to Proceed. The12th Annual Conference of IGLC. 2004
[38]俞斌.准时化库存控制讨论.[J].科技管理.2005
[39] Sven Bertelsen Lean Construction in Denmark-a brief overview, 20 December 2002