深海浮式结构物与其系泊缆索的耦合动力分析
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摘要
海洋蕴藏着丰富的资源,对海洋油气资源的开发和利用逐渐向深水甚至超深水区发展。为了保证海洋平台等长期在海上作业的浮式结构物在大多数海洋环境作用下可以正常工作并抵御各种海洋环境荷载,准确模拟系泊系统的运动时间历程和可靠性分析显得非常重要。本文应用边界元方法和Morison公式对浮式结构物进行水动力分析,应用几何非线性有限元方法计算系泊缆索张力,并在时域内对浮式结构物及其系泊缆索进行了耦合分析。无论浅水域还是深水域都会产生波群,其对海工结构物尤其是系泊浮体具有较强的破坏力,会在结构物自身频率附近产生共振,对结构物造成严重的威肋、或破坏。本文数值模拟了具有不同群性的波浪历程,并对波群作用下浮式结构物与其系泊系统进行了耦合动力分析。
本文基于势流理论,应用三维分布源法求解边界积分方程,采用满足自由水面条件和海底条件的Green函数,只需在物体表面划分网格；同时利用对称性减少了计算量,缩短了计算时间；采用扩展的边界积分方程法消除了频域计算中的不规则频率问题；根据Cummins的理论,通过快速傅立叶变换,将频域计算结果变换到时域,得到浮体在波浪中的时域运动方程。
在深水或超深水环境下,系泊缆索的惯性和阻尼会对上部结构产生很大影响,同时系泊缆索在大变形、大预张力条件下,缆索变形的非线性效应不能忽略,本文基于全量的拉格朗日表述和两节点的等参索单元,应用几何非线性有限元方法和Newmark方法建立了缆索动力分析的数值模型。应用该模型系统地考察了缆索材料、水深、顶端激励幅值、顶端激励频率、初张力和顶角等因素对缆索动张力的影响。
建立了联合应用边界元方法／莫里森公式和几何非线性有限元方法等对风、浪、流联合作用下深海系泊系统进行耦合动力响应分析的计算模式。针对不同海洋环境作用下的深海系泊系统,深入研究了水深、波高、周期、谱峰因子、流速、风速以及不同风、浪、流入射方向等对浮式结构物运动响应及其系泊缆索张力的影响。
首次研究了波浪群性对深海浮式系泊系统的影响。天然海浪经常出现一连串波高超过某一临界值的波构成,即所谓“群”,海浪群性是海浪场的一种重要特性。要判明海浪群性的大小,仅以海浪频谱为依据是不够的,波包线是描述海浪群性的重要工具,海浪群性的大小和波包谱的形状是密不可分的。实测的波面资料可通过Hilbert变换得波包线,进而可得波包谱。给定波浪要素,群高参数GFH和群长参数GLF后即可结合频谱和波包谱准确的模拟出具有不同群性的海浪。本文对不同群性的海浪作用下浮式结构物与其系泊系统进行了耦合动力分析,研究了群性参数的不同取值对波面、浮式结构物的运动响应以及系泊缆索张力的影响。
Ocean is rich in resources, and exploration of offshore oil and gas is boosted into deep water and even ultra-deep water. In order to ensure that offshore operations and other long-term floating structures can withstand the loads of the marine environment and work normally, accurate simulations of the time history of the mooring system and reliability analysis are very important. Boundary element method and Morison formulation are applied in this paper for hydrodynamic analysis, and a geometrically nonlinear finite element method is developed to solve the mooring line dynamics. The coupled dynamic analysis of floating structure and its mooring lines is executed in time domain. Wave groups occur in both deep and shallow water, and can cause severe loading on floating structures, especially at or close to natural motion frequencies. Hence, its influence has become an important factor considered in the design of the ocean structures. Wave elevations with different groupiness are simulated numerically, and the influence of wave grouping on the coupled analysis of the mooring system is studied here.
Based on potential flow theory, the boundary integral equations are solved using the three-dimensional distributed source method in this paper. Green function satisfying both the free surface condition and the seabed condition is used, hence, only the body surface needs to be partitioned by meshes. At the same time, symmetry is adopted to reduce the amount and time cost in computation. The extended boundary integral equation method is adopted to remove the irregular frequency effect in frequency domain. According to Cummins's theory, the results in frequency domain can be transformed into the time domain through the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), then the motion equations of floating structure in time domain can be obtained.
In deep water or ultra deep water, the inertia and damping of the mooring lines will have a significant impact on the upper structure, meanwhile, under the conditions of large deformation and large pretension, the nonlinear effects of deformation of the mooring lines cannot be ignored. Based on the total Lagrangian formulation, a geometrically nonlinear finite element method using isoparametric cable element is developed to solve the mooring line dynamics. The Newmark method is used for dynamic nonlinear analysis of mooring lines. Then, the numerical model above is applied to investigate the effects of some key factors, such as material, water depth, amplitude and frequency of the external excitation, pretension and apex angle, on mooring line tension.
Using boundary element method/Morrision equation and geometrically nonlinear finite element method, a computing model is established for coupled dynamics of the deepwater mooring system in the action of wave, wind and current. The effects on the motion responses of floating structure and the mooring line tensions of water depth, wave height, wave period, overshoot parameter, velocity of current and wind, incidence direction of wind, wave and current are intensively researched.
The influence of wave groupiness on the deepwater mooring system is studied for the first time. Ocean waves often appear in sequences of high wave elevations, which are known as wave groups. Groupiness is an important characteristic of wave field. It is not enough to ascertain the intention of wave groupiness merely by wave spectrum. The wave envelope is an important tool to describe the wave groupiness, the intension of which is inextricably linked to the shape of wave envelope spectrum. The Hilbert transform is used to calculate the wave envelope of measured data, and the wave envelope spectrum density is computed from the wave envelope by the usual Fourier transform. Given wave parameters, group height factor (GFH) and group length factor (GLF), wave elevations with different groupiness can be simulated accurately using wave spectrum combined with wave envelope spectrum. In the present study, coupled dynamics of the platform and the attached mooring lines under the action of wave groups are executed, and the effects of groupiness parameters on wave surface, motion responses and mooring line tensions are investigated.
本文基于势流理论,应用三维分布源法求解边界积分方程,采用满足自由水面条件和海底条件的Green函数,只需在物体表面划分网格；同时利用对称性减少了计算量,缩短了计算时间；采用扩展的边界积分方程法消除了频域计算中的不规则频率问题；根据Cummins的理论,通过快速傅立叶变换,将频域计算结果变换到时域,得到浮体在波浪中的时域运动方程。
在深水或超深水环境下,系泊缆索的惯性和阻尼会对上部结构产生很大影响,同时系泊缆索在大变形、大预张力条件下,缆索变形的非线性效应不能忽略,本文基于全量的拉格朗日表述和两节点的等参索单元,应用几何非线性有限元方法和Newmark方法建立了缆索动力分析的数值模型。应用该模型系统地考察了缆索材料、水深、顶端激励幅值、顶端激励频率、初张力和顶角等因素对缆索动张力的影响。
建立了联合应用边界元方法／莫里森公式和几何非线性有限元方法等对风、浪、流联合作用下深海系泊系统进行耦合动力响应分析的计算模式。针对不同海洋环境作用下的深海系泊系统,深入研究了水深、波高、周期、谱峰因子、流速、风速以及不同风、浪、流入射方向等对浮式结构物运动响应及其系泊缆索张力的影响。
首次研究了波浪群性对深海浮式系泊系统的影响。天然海浪经常出现一连串波高超过某一临界值的波构成,即所谓“群”,海浪群性是海浪场的一种重要特性。要判明海浪群性的大小,仅以海浪频谱为依据是不够的,波包线是描述海浪群性的重要工具,海浪群性的大小和波包谱的形状是密不可分的。实测的波面资料可通过Hilbert变换得波包线,进而可得波包谱。给定波浪要素,群高参数GFH和群长参数GLF后即可结合频谱和波包谱准确的模拟出具有不同群性的海浪。本文对不同群性的海浪作用下浮式结构物与其系泊系统进行了耦合动力分析,研究了群性参数的不同取值对波面、浮式结构物的运动响应以及系泊缆索张力的影响。
Ocean is rich in resources, and exploration of offshore oil and gas is boosted into deep water and even ultra-deep water. In order to ensure that offshore operations and other long-term floating structures can withstand the loads of the marine environment and work normally, accurate simulations of the time history of the mooring system and reliability analysis are very important. Boundary element method and Morison formulation are applied in this paper for hydrodynamic analysis, and a geometrically nonlinear finite element method is developed to solve the mooring line dynamics. The coupled dynamic analysis of floating structure and its mooring lines is executed in time domain. Wave groups occur in both deep and shallow water, and can cause severe loading on floating structures, especially at or close to natural motion frequencies. Hence, its influence has become an important factor considered in the design of the ocean structures. Wave elevations with different groupiness are simulated numerically, and the influence of wave grouping on the coupled analysis of the mooring system is studied here.
Based on potential flow theory, the boundary integral equations are solved using the three-dimensional distributed source method in this paper. Green function satisfying both the free surface condition and the seabed condition is used, hence, only the body surface needs to be partitioned by meshes. At the same time, symmetry is adopted to reduce the amount and time cost in computation. The extended boundary integral equation method is adopted to remove the irregular frequency effect in frequency domain. According to Cummins's theory, the results in frequency domain can be transformed into the time domain through the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), then the motion equations of floating structure in time domain can be obtained.
In deep water or ultra deep water, the inertia and damping of the mooring lines will have a significant impact on the upper structure, meanwhile, under the conditions of large deformation and large pretension, the nonlinear effects of deformation of the mooring lines cannot be ignored. Based on the total Lagrangian formulation, a geometrically nonlinear finite element method using isoparametric cable element is developed to solve the mooring line dynamics. The Newmark method is used for dynamic nonlinear analysis of mooring lines. Then, the numerical model above is applied to investigate the effects of some key factors, such as material, water depth, amplitude and frequency of the external excitation, pretension and apex angle, on mooring line tension.
Using boundary element method/Morrision equation and geometrically nonlinear finite element method, a computing model is established for coupled dynamics of the deepwater mooring system in the action of wave, wind and current. The effects on the motion responses of floating structure and the mooring line tensions of water depth, wave height, wave period, overshoot parameter, velocity of current and wind, incidence direction of wind, wave and current are intensively researched.
The influence of wave groupiness on the deepwater mooring system is studied for the first time. Ocean waves often appear in sequences of high wave elevations, which are known as wave groups. Groupiness is an important characteristic of wave field. It is not enough to ascertain the intention of wave groupiness merely by wave spectrum. The wave envelope is an important tool to describe the wave groupiness, the intension of which is inextricably linked to the shape of wave envelope spectrum. The Hilbert transform is used to calculate the wave envelope of measured data, and the wave envelope spectrum density is computed from the wave envelope by the usual Fourier transform. Given wave parameters, group height factor (GFH) and group length factor (GLF), wave elevations with different groupiness can be simulated accurately using wave spectrum combined with wave envelope spectrum. In the present study, coupled dynamics of the platform and the attached mooring lines under the action of wave groups are executed, and the effects of groupiness parameters on wave surface, motion responses and mooring line tensions are investigated.
引文
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