机械产品安全设计方法的研究及其在磨床安全设计上的应用
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摘要
本论文针对机械产品由于安全性能不好，每年都要造成很多的工伤事故和大量的财产损失而提出和设计了一种机械产品安全设计方法——机械产品系统安全设计方法，并具体应用到磨床安全设计。机械产品系统安全设计方法主要是根据安全系统工程理论和安全科学原理提出的。其内容主要包括：机械产品系统安全目标和要求、机械产品系统危险分析、机械产品系统风险评价、机械产品系统安全措施、机械产品系统安全程序设计等五个部分。机械产品系统安全目标和要求主要是从整个系统来确定机械产品安全设计的安全目标和安全要求，以便我们进行安全设计作到有的放矢。机械产品系统危险分析是对机械产品各主要子系统及整个系统进行系统危险分析，从整个系统角度找出与我们期望的系统目标和要求可能不符的地方。在机械产品系统危险分析的基础上，针对机械产品设计的系统安全目标和安全要求对机械产品进行系统风险评价，来判定哪个部分或哪个子系统是不安全的，从而为我们制定有效的安全措施找到依据。机械产品系统安全措施的采用也是从整个系统的安全来考虑，它主要包括结构设计，安全防护，提供使用信息三大内容。机械产品系统安全程序设计是前面四个内容的综合和延伸，主要是借助计算机模仿人类专家解决问题。最后，我们应用此方法对磨床进行了安全设计。
Because of the badness of machine-product' performance of safety ,it made much industrial injury accident and much property losing. On base of this, this dissertation put
forward and design a kind of method of machine-product safety design-------
machine-product system method for safety design, and specificly apply to safety design of grinding machine, machine-product system method for safety design was put forward mainly by the theory of safety system engineering and theory of safety science. Its main content include system safety objective and demand of machine-product and system hazard analysis of machine-product and system risk assessment of machine-product and system safety measure of machine-product and system safety program design of machine-product. System safety objective and demand of machine-product mainly makes certain safety objective and demand of machine-product safety design from whole system in order to do safety design for us. System danger analysis of machine-product is to do system hazard analysis for the small system and whole system to find out those that do not agree with possibly system safety objective and demand from whole system. On the base of system hazard analysis of machine-product and system safety objective
and demand of machine-product, we can do system risk assessment of machine-product to determine unsafe part or system, so that we can make good safety measure. Adoption of system safety measure of machine-product is considered from the safety of whole system. It includes mainly design of configuration and safety defending and providing information of using. System safety program design of machine-product is integration and stretch of forward four sides. It mainly simulate expert to solve problem by drawing support from computer. At last, we do safety design for grinding machine by using this method.
Because of the badness of machine-product' performance of safety ,it made much industrial injury accident and much property losing. On base of this, this dissertation put
forward and design a kind of method of machine-product safety design-------
machine-product system method for safety design, and specificly apply to safety design of grinding machine, machine-product system method for safety design was put forward mainly by the theory of safety system engineering and theory of safety science. Its main content include system safety objective and demand of machine-product and system hazard analysis of machine-product and system risk assessment of machine-product and system safety measure of machine-product and system safety program design of machine-product. System safety objective and demand of machine-product mainly makes certain safety objective and demand of machine-product safety design from whole system in order to do safety design for us. System danger analysis of machine-product is to do system hazard analysis for the small system and whole system to find out those that do not agree with possibly system safety objective and demand from whole system. On the base of system hazard analysis of machine-product and system safety objective
and demand of machine-product, we can do system risk assessment of machine-product to determine unsafe part or system, so that we can make good safety measure. Adoption of system safety measure of machine-product is considered from the safety of whole system. It includes mainly design of configuration and safety defending and providing information of using. System safety program design of machine-product is integration and stretch of forward four sides. It mainly simulate expert to solve problem by drawing support from computer. At last, we do safety design for grinding machine by using this method.
引文
[1] 国家机械工业技术发展基金项目组，《机械产品安全设计及计算机辅助设计信息系统的研究》报告之一：《机械产品通用安全设计规范》，研究报告之二：《金属切削机床安全设计规范》，1999
[2] 谢鸣一，孙巨块，王泽申，安全系统工程．北京：科学技术文献出版社，1988
[3] 冯肇瑞，催国章，安全系统工程．北京：冶金工业出版社，1987
[4] 张金钟，系统安全工程．北京：航空工业出版社，1990
[5] 罗云．安全科学理论体系的发展及趋势探讨．见：白春华，何学秋，吴宗之，冯长根，二十一世纪安全科学与技术发展趋势．北京：科学出版社，2000
[6] Frank Less, On merging system safety and quantitative risk assessment, Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 46, 1994
[7] Guastello S. J.,Catastrophe modeling of the accident process:Evalution of an accident reduction using the occupational hazards survey, Accident Anal. Prev.,21(1), 1989
[8] Ragan, P. T. Systems theory and safety, Profession Safety, 1994(6)
[9] A. Kuhlman, Introduction to Safety Science, Springer Verlag New York, 1986
[10]全国机械安全标准化技术委员秘书处，机械安全国际标准文件译文集．北京：机械工业标准化技术服务部，1995
[11]中国标准出版社第三编辑室，机械安全标准汇编．北京：中国标准出版社，1997
[12]隋鹏城，陈宝智，安全原理与事故预测．北京：冶金工业出版社，1987
[13]王群，机械安全知识问答．北京：中国劳动安全出版社，1987
[14]陆庆武，机械安全技术．北京：中国劳动出版社，1993
[15]王金华，郭兴铭，机械安全技术．北京：化学工业出版社，1996
[16]孙桂林，机械安全手册．北京：中国劳动出版社，1993
[17]张元成，刘芳珍，机械安全工程学．青岛：青岛海洋大学出版社，1993
[18]张建平，潘素珍，机械安全工程学．吉林：吉林大学出版社，1990
[19]赵边良，机械安全技术．西安：陕西科学出版社，1994
[20]Military Standard System Safety Program, Requirements, MIL-STD-882B, 1984
[21]扬伦标，高英仪 模糊数学原理及应用．广州：华南理工大学出版社，1998．
[22]王炳武，MATLAB5．3实用教程．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2000
[23]白宝珍，金属切削机床故障分析与排除．北京：铁道出版社，1982
[24]’87～89’金属切削机床通用标准汇编，机械工业标准化技术服务部，1991
[25]朱祖详，工程心理学．北京：人民教育出版社，2000
[26]Grand jean, E. Fitting the task to the man. London:Taylor & Francis Ltd.,1982
[27]Huchingson, R.D. New horizons for human factors in design. New York: McGrawhill, 1981
[28]Salvendy, D.J. Ergonomics at work. New York:John Wiley & Sons, 1987
[29]Woodson, W. F. Human factors design handbook, New York:McGraw-Hill, 1981
[30]孙恭寿 汤锡铨等，磨床精化与改造．北京：机械工业出版社，1986
[31]沈阳第一机床厂，机床工人技术手册．沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社，1989
[32]上海机床厂“七·二一”大学，磨床设计制造．上海：上海人民出版社，1972
[33]南宁市劳动局，机械设备安全操作规程．南宁：广西人民出版社，1988
[34]李世举，磨工安全技术知识．成都：四川科学技术出版社，1988
[35]吴圣庄，金属切削机床概论．北京：机械工业出版社，1993
[36]周水庭，金属切削机床安全设计体系的研究：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学机械与汽车工程学院，1999
[37]Francesco Balena(美),Programming Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 Visual Basic 6编程技术大全，翔实翻译组译．北京：机械工业出版社，2000
[38]毛一心，VisualFoxPro 6．0应用及实例集锦．北京：人民邮电出版社，1999
[39]Gloss. Davaid, S.& Wardle.Mirian Gayle Introductions to Safety Engineering New.Yok Wiley. 1984
[40]King, Ralph W.& Magid, John. Industrial Hazard and Safety Handbook, London. Newness-Butterworths, 1979
[41]吴宗之．国内外安全(风险)评价方法研究与进展．见：白春华，何学秋，吴宗之，冯长根，二十一世纪安全科学与技术发展趋势．北京：科学出版社，2000
[2] 谢鸣一，孙巨块，王泽申，安全系统工程．北京：科学技术文献出版社，1988
[3] 冯肇瑞，催国章，安全系统工程．北京：冶金工业出版社，1987
[4] 张金钟，系统安全工程．北京：航空工业出版社，1990
[5] 罗云．安全科学理论体系的发展及趋势探讨．见：白春华，何学秋，吴宗之，冯长根，二十一世纪安全科学与技术发展趋势．北京：科学出版社，2000
[6] Frank Less, On merging system safety and quantitative risk assessment, Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 46, 1994
[7] Guastello S. J.,Catastrophe modeling of the accident process:Evalution of an accident reduction using the occupational hazards survey, Accident Anal. Prev.,21(1), 1989
[8] Ragan, P. T. Systems theory and safety, Profession Safety, 1994(6)
[9] A. Kuhlman, Introduction to Safety Science, Springer Verlag New York, 1986
[10]全国机械安全标准化技术委员秘书处，机械安全国际标准文件译文集．北京：机械工业标准化技术服务部，1995
[11]中国标准出版社第三编辑室，机械安全标准汇编．北京：中国标准出版社，1997
[12]隋鹏城，陈宝智，安全原理与事故预测．北京：冶金工业出版社，1987
[13]王群，机械安全知识问答．北京：中国劳动安全出版社，1987
[14]陆庆武，机械安全技术．北京：中国劳动出版社，1993
[15]王金华，郭兴铭，机械安全技术．北京：化学工业出版社，1996
[16]孙桂林，机械安全手册．北京：中国劳动出版社，1993
[17]张元成，刘芳珍，机械安全工程学．青岛：青岛海洋大学出版社，1993
[18]张建平，潘素珍，机械安全工程学．吉林：吉林大学出版社，1990
[19]赵边良，机械安全技术．西安：陕西科学出版社，1994
[20]Military Standard System Safety Program, Requirements, MIL-STD-882B, 1984
[21]扬伦标，高英仪 模糊数学原理及应用．广州：华南理工大学出版社，1998．
[22]王炳武，MATLAB5．3实用教程．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2000
[23]白宝珍，金属切削机床故障分析与排除．北京：铁道出版社，1982
[24]’87～89’金属切削机床通用标准汇编，机械工业标准化技术服务部，1991
[25]朱祖详，工程心理学．北京：人民教育出版社，2000
[26]Grand jean, E. Fitting the task to the man. London:Taylor & Francis Ltd.,1982
[27]Huchingson, R.D. New horizons for human factors in design. New York: McGrawhill, 1981
[28]Salvendy, D.J. Ergonomics at work. New York:John Wiley & Sons, 1987
[29]Woodson, W. F. Human factors design handbook, New York:McGraw-Hill, 1981
[30]孙恭寿 汤锡铨等，磨床精化与改造．北京：机械工业出版社，1986
[31]沈阳第一机床厂，机床工人技术手册．沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社，1989
[32]上海机床厂“七·二一”大学，磨床设计制造．上海：上海人民出版社，1972
[33]南宁市劳动局，机械设备安全操作规程．南宁：广西人民出版社，1988
[34]李世举，磨工安全技术知识．成都：四川科学技术出版社，1988
[35]吴圣庄，金属切削机床概论．北京：机械工业出版社，1993
[36]周水庭，金属切削机床安全设计体系的研究：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学机械与汽车工程学院，1999
[37]Francesco Balena(美),Programming Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 Visual Basic 6编程技术大全，翔实翻译组译．北京：机械工业出版社，2000
[38]毛一心，VisualFoxPro 6．0应用及实例集锦．北京：人民邮电出版社，1999
[39]Gloss. Davaid, S.& Wardle.Mirian Gayle Introductions to Safety Engineering New.Yok Wiley. 1984
[40]King, Ralph W.& Magid, John. Industrial Hazard and Safety Handbook, London. Newness-Butterworths, 1979
[41]吴宗之．国内外安全(风险)评价方法研究与进展．见：白春华，何学秋，吴宗之，冯长根，二十一世纪安全科学与技术发展趋势．北京：科学出版社，2000