基于PSD及Zigbee的智能回弹仪系统
摘要
回弹仪是用来检测混凝土抗压强度的一种无损检测仪器,是目前国内首选的混凝土抗压强度检测装置,被广泛应用于房屋建筑、市政工程和路桥建设等施工过程的质量检测。
目前国内绝大多数回弹仪均为机械式,以模拟指针示读回弹仪为例,其在测试过程烦琐,分析耗时,精度不高,大大降低了现场测量效率和客观性。除此之外,目前国内已开发的智能回弹仪系统主要有三种类型,一种是接触式回弹仪,其使用寿命短,测试精度低,适应性差;另一种更为普遍的是指针直读式回弹仪,由于计算回弹值的方法实际是推算接结果,存在较大误差;还有一种是基于线阵CCD成像的智能回弹仪,它采用非接触式位移检测方法,提高效率的同时功耗也居高不下,且并未实现回弹仪和计算机之间的无线连接。
本文的研究成果是合肥市重点科研项目“混凝土抗压强度智能检测系统”的重要组成部分。本设计针对目前市场上存在的回弹仪的弊利,采用PSD作为光电传感器获取回弹仪游标位移信息。由于PSD与CCD、CMOS等光电传感器相比,灵敏度、体积、响应速度和线性度等都有很大的提高,且输出为电流信号,后续测量电路简单,使用更加方便;同时本系统增加了Zigbee无线通讯模块,由于其具有短距离、低速率、低功耗和低成本等特点,有效解决了多点作业的问题,检测效率高,数据客观性强,使用方便,使智能回弹仪的利用范围得到更大的推广。
系统充分利用了PIC单片机集成的多个功能模块,外围电路简单。数据由PSD经由后继测量电路进入RAO/RA1口,调用数据处理子程序进行处理。,数据处理完毕再调用Zigbee子程序,经由CC2420将数据无线发送至主机的Zigbee的收发模块进行接收,并发送至主机进行最后的软件处理和数据补偿。
上位机数据处理系统主要完成对现场检测数据的接收,并根据国家标准对现场检测的数据进行处理和分析,最后输出一个评估结果。
实验表明该系统具有硬件结构简单、使用方便,抗干扰性好,采集数据可靠等特点。
Rebound hammer is a sort of nondestructive instrument, which used to detect concrete's resisting pressure intensity. It,as the preferred concrete compressive strength of the domestic detection device, is widely used in detecting the quality of the construction process such as housing construction, public works and road and bridge construction and so on.
Currently the vast majority of rebound hammer are mechanically hammer. As an example, in the testing course of simulate indicators show Reading Hammer ,the process is cumbersome, time-consuming analysis, low accuracy,which has been greatly reduced at the scene measurement efficiency and objectivity. In addition, there are three kind of intelligent rebound hammer. One is contacting hammer ,whose short life span, low test accuracy, adaptability poor .Another is a more general guide Straight Reading-Hammer,.As the method of calculating the actual rebound is projected to result, there is a big error; There also is a intelligent rebound hamme based on a linear CCD. It takes a non-contact displacement measurement methods to improve efficiency .At the same time the power is high, and did not realize the wireless connectivity between hammer and computer .
The paper is a important part of intelligent rebound hammer system, which is Heifei key scientific project. The design viewd both benefits and drawbacks of hanmmer in current market and used PSD as a photoelectric sensor to access hammer cursor displacement information. Compared to the CCD, CMOS and other photoelectric sensor, PSD is in the field of sensitivity, size, speed and response linearity,.At the same time,the output is current signal , the follow-up measurement circuit is simple and the use is more conveient . In addition,the system added Zigbee wireless communications module. Due to ZigBee has many features such as short-range, low-rate, low-power and low-cost,it provided an effective solution to the problem of multi-point operations, high detection efficiency, objectivity strong data, and easier operation, so that promoted Intelligent Hammer in more scope.
System utilizes PIC microchip's integrated functions, so periphery circuit is simple. Data traved from PSD,follow-up measurement circuit and enter RA0/RA1. Data processing subroutine will be call processing. When data disposed to Zigbee subroutine call, wireless data will be sent to the mainframe Zigbee transceiver module receptionby the CC2420, and then be sent to the mainframe for final compensation software and data processing.
Data process system of computer can accept detecting data and process those data according to national standard, then give a evaluative result.
The system has the excellence of simple hardware structure, using convenience, good interference rejection, and data collection reliable in the experimentation.
目前国内绝大多数回弹仪均为机械式,以模拟指针示读回弹仪为例,其在测试过程烦琐,分析耗时,精度不高,大大降低了现场测量效率和客观性。除此之外,目前国内已开发的智能回弹仪系统主要有三种类型,一种是接触式回弹仪,其使用寿命短,测试精度低,适应性差;另一种更为普遍的是指针直读式回弹仪,由于计算回弹值的方法实际是推算接结果,存在较大误差;还有一种是基于线阵CCD成像的智能回弹仪,它采用非接触式位移检测方法,提高效率的同时功耗也居高不下,且并未实现回弹仪和计算机之间的无线连接。
本文的研究成果是合肥市重点科研项目“混凝土抗压强度智能检测系统”的重要组成部分。本设计针对目前市场上存在的回弹仪的弊利,采用PSD作为光电传感器获取回弹仪游标位移信息。由于PSD与CCD、CMOS等光电传感器相比,灵敏度、体积、响应速度和线性度等都有很大的提高,且输出为电流信号,后续测量电路简单,使用更加方便;同时本系统增加了Zigbee无线通讯模块,由于其具有短距离、低速率、低功耗和低成本等特点,有效解决了多点作业的问题,检测效率高,数据客观性强,使用方便,使智能回弹仪的利用范围得到更大的推广。
系统充分利用了PIC单片机集成的多个功能模块,外围电路简单。数据由PSD经由后继测量电路进入RAO/RA1口,调用数据处理子程序进行处理。,数据处理完毕再调用Zigbee子程序,经由CC2420将数据无线发送至主机的Zigbee的收发模块进行接收,并发送至主机进行最后的软件处理和数据补偿。
上位机数据处理系统主要完成对现场检测数据的接收,并根据国家标准对现场检测的数据进行处理和分析,最后输出一个评估结果。
实验表明该系统具有硬件结构简单、使用方便,抗干扰性好,采集数据可靠等特点。
Rebound hammer is a sort of nondestructive instrument, which used to detect concrete's resisting pressure intensity. It,as the preferred concrete compressive strength of the domestic detection device, is widely used in detecting the quality of the construction process such as housing construction, public works and road and bridge construction and so on.
Currently the vast majority of rebound hammer are mechanically hammer. As an example, in the testing course of simulate indicators show Reading Hammer ,the process is cumbersome, time-consuming analysis, low accuracy,which has been greatly reduced at the scene measurement efficiency and objectivity. In addition, there are three kind of intelligent rebound hammer. One is contacting hammer ,whose short life span, low test accuracy, adaptability poor .Another is a more general guide Straight Reading-Hammer,.As the method of calculating the actual rebound is projected to result, there is a big error; There also is a intelligent rebound hamme based on a linear CCD. It takes a non-contact displacement measurement methods to improve efficiency .At the same time the power is high, and did not realize the wireless connectivity between hammer and computer .
The paper is a important part of intelligent rebound hammer system, which is Heifei key scientific project. The design viewd both benefits and drawbacks of hanmmer in current market and used PSD as a photoelectric sensor to access hammer cursor displacement information. Compared to the CCD, CMOS and other photoelectric sensor, PSD is in the field of sensitivity, size, speed and response linearity,.At the same time,the output is current signal , the follow-up measurement circuit is simple and the use is more conveient . In addition,the system added Zigbee wireless communications module. Due to ZigBee has many features such as short-range, low-rate, low-power and low-cost,it provided an effective solution to the problem of multi-point operations, high detection efficiency, objectivity strong data, and easier operation, so that promoted Intelligent Hammer in more scope.
System utilizes PIC microchip's integrated functions, so periphery circuit is simple. Data traved from PSD,follow-up measurement circuit and enter RA0/RA1. Data processing subroutine will be call processing. When data disposed to Zigbee subroutine call, wireless data will be sent to the mainframe Zigbee transceiver module receptionby the CC2420, and then be sent to the mainframe for final compensation software and data processing.
Data process system of computer can accept detecting data and process those data according to national standard, then give a evaluative result.
The system has the excellence of simple hardware structure, using convenience, good interference rejection, and data collection reliable in the experimentation.
引文
[1]余红发著,混凝土非破损测强技术研究,中国建材工业出版社,1999:42-43。
[2]江萍,基于光电检测的智能回弹仪系统[J],电子设计应用,2003(9):18-22。
[3]高经伍,赵凤华,PSD传感器的原理与应用[J],国外电子元器件,2002(8):43-54。
[4]http://www.communications.org.tw/。
[5]朱蕴璞,孔德仁,王芳,传感器原理及应用[M],国防工业出版社,2005:105-107。
[6 赵巧娥,自动检测与传感器技术[M],中国电力出版社,2005:76-77。
[7]蔡纯洁,杨维坚,伍先达,钱玮,PIC全系列单片机原理与开发,中国科技技术大学出版社,2003(4):2-5。
[8]刘和平,刘林,余红欣,郑群英,PICl 8FXXX单片机原理及接口程序设计,北京航空航天大学出版社,2004(8):274-288。
[9]张亚凡,张洪润,单片机原理及应用[M],清华大学出版社,2005:196-203。
[10]Microchip,PIC 18F2520/2620/4520/4620,Datasheet[Z].Microchip Technology Inc.2004,5。
[11]盛超华,陈章龙,无线传感器网络及应用[J],微型电脑应用,2005,21(6):12-14。
[12]蒋挺,赵成林,Zigbee紫蜂技术及其应用(IEEE802.15.4),北京邮电大学出版,2006(6):2-12。
[13]江修波,ZigBee技术及其应用,低压电器,2005年7月第7期。
[14]顾瑞红,张宏科,基于ZigBee的无线网络技术及其应用[J],电子技术应用,2005,31(6):156-163。
[15]http://www.zigbee.org/resource。
[16]IEEE Standard for Part 802.15.4;Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC)and Physical Layer(PHY)Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks(LR-WPANs)[S].2003。
[17]丁飞,张西良,Z-Wave技术浅析,现代电信科技,2005年11月,第11期。
[18]Thomas Jorgensen,NielsT.Johansen;Z-Wave as HomeControl RF Platform.。
[19]Zigbee alliance network layer overview.,Zigbee open houseChicago;September 14 2005。
[20]Khanh Tuan Le,RFIC system architect,Chipcon。
[21]孙利民,李建中,陈渝等,无线传感网络[M],北京,清华大学大学出社,2005(10):127-132。
[22]William C.Zigbee:Wireless Control That Simply Works[J],Craig Program Manager Wireless Communications,2004,37:100 -104。
[23]郑少仁,王海涛,赵志峰,Ad Hoc网络技术[M],北京:人民邮电出版社,2005。
[24]周游,方滨,王普。给予ZigBee技术的智能家居无线网络系统[J],电子技术应用,2005,9:56-66。
[25]原羿,苏鸿根.基于ZigBee技术的无线网络应用研究[J].计算机应用与软件,2004,6:132-140。
[26]Akyildiz I F,Su 3 W,Sankarasubramaniam Y,et al,Wireless sensor networks:a survey[J].Computer Networks,2002,38:393 - 422。
[27]Savvides A,Han C,Srivastava M.Dynamic fine - grained localization in ad - hoc networks of sensors[J],Computer Net2works,2001,32:166-179。
[28]回弹法检测混凝土抗压强度技术规程(JGJ/T23-2001)::36-40。
[2]江萍,基于光电检测的智能回弹仪系统[J],电子设计应用,2003(9):18-22。
[3]高经伍,赵凤华,PSD传感器的原理与应用[J],国外电子元器件,2002(8):43-54。
[4]http://www.communications.org.tw/。
[5]朱蕴璞,孔德仁,王芳,传感器原理及应用[M],国防工业出版社,2005:105-107。
[6 赵巧娥,自动检测与传感器技术[M],中国电力出版社,2005:76-77。
[7]蔡纯洁,杨维坚,伍先达,钱玮,PIC全系列单片机原理与开发,中国科技技术大学出版社,2003(4):2-5。
[8]刘和平,刘林,余红欣,郑群英,PICl 8FXXX单片机原理及接口程序设计,北京航空航天大学出版社,2004(8):274-288。
[9]张亚凡,张洪润,单片机原理及应用[M],清华大学出版社,2005:196-203。
[10]Microchip,PIC 18F2520/2620/4520/4620,Datasheet[Z].Microchip Technology Inc.2004,5。
[11]盛超华,陈章龙,无线传感器网络及应用[J],微型电脑应用,2005,21(6):12-14。
[12]蒋挺,赵成林,Zigbee紫蜂技术及其应用(IEEE802.15.4),北京邮电大学出版,2006(6):2-12。
[13]江修波,ZigBee技术及其应用,低压电器,2005年7月第7期。
[14]顾瑞红,张宏科,基于ZigBee的无线网络技术及其应用[J],电子技术应用,2005,31(6):156-163。
[15]http://www.zigbee.org/resource。
[16]IEEE Standard for Part 802.15.4;Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC)and Physical Layer(PHY)Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks(LR-WPANs)[S].2003。
[17]丁飞,张西良,Z-Wave技术浅析,现代电信科技,2005年11月,第11期。
[18]Thomas Jorgensen,NielsT.Johansen;Z-Wave as HomeControl RF Platform.。
[19]Zigbee alliance network layer overview.,Zigbee open houseChicago;September 14 2005。
[20]Khanh Tuan Le,RFIC system architect,Chipcon。
[21]孙利民,李建中,陈渝等,无线传感网络[M],北京,清华大学大学出社,2005(10):127-132。
[22]William C.Zigbee:Wireless Control That Simply Works[J],Craig Program Manager Wireless Communications,2004,37:100 -104。
[23]郑少仁,王海涛,赵志峰,Ad Hoc网络技术[M],北京:人民邮电出版社,2005。
[24]周游,方滨,王普。给予ZigBee技术的智能家居无线网络系统[J],电子技术应用,2005,9:56-66。
[25]原羿,苏鸿根.基于ZigBee技术的无线网络应用研究[J].计算机应用与软件,2004,6:132-140。
[26]Akyildiz I F,Su 3 W,Sankarasubramaniam Y,et al,Wireless sensor networks:a survey[J].Computer Networks,2002,38:393 - 422。
[27]Savvides A,Han C,Srivastava M.Dynamic fine - grained localization in ad - hoc networks of sensors[J],Computer Net2works,2001,32:166-179。
[28]回弹法检测混凝土抗压强度技术规程(JGJ/T23-2001)::36-40。