体育校本课程开发影响中小学生体育学习效果的实验研究
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摘要
我国新一轮的基础教育课程改革的一个重要特点是强调了“三级课程管理”,即不对中小学课程和教材进行统一管理和硬性规定,各地、各校可以根据国家颁布的各科《课程标准》精神,结合学校的实际情况,制定符合本地和本校的课程实施方案与教学计划,给地方和学校留有相当大的选择余地和发展空间。
体育课程是基础教育课程的一个重要组成部分,因此落实体育校本课程开发是不断推进体育课程改革的重要途径。本文以体育课程教学论和我国体育课程标准为理论指导,对9所中小学进行为期一个学年的体育校本课程开发实验,通过实验前后及实验组和对照组的比较来探讨体育校本课程开发对我国中小学生体育学习效果的影响。
本实验选取中小学生共计2700人作为实验组和对照组研究对象,实验组进行体育校本课程开发教学,对照组则维持传统教学模式不变,经过一学年的实验,将调查数据统计分析后得出如下结论:(1)体育校本课程开发对小学生的体育学习效果各方面都具有积极且显著影响,小学生在经过体育校本课程教学之后对体育及健康知识的兴趣和态度有很大的提高。(2)体育校本课程开发对初中生的体育学习态度具有积极的显著影响,对情意表现与合作精神、健康行为具有一定影响,但实验组与对照组相比效果不显著。(3)体育校本课程开发对高中生的学习态度、情意表现与合作精神具有显著影响,实验后对体育课的态度较实验前明显好转,但对健康行为的影响一般,这可能同高中生升学压力较大而选择忽视体育课外的健康活动有一定关系。(4)体育校本课程开发对小学生的影响不具有性别差异,男、女生在学习态度、情意表现与合作、健康行为三个分量的进步均很显著,男、女之间没有显著差异。(5)体育校本课程开发对中学生的影响男、女之间存在个别差异。两者之间健康行为的差异最为显著,男生的健康行为明显好于女生。(6)体育校本课程开发对高中生男、女都具有积极的影响,但对男生的影响明显大于女生,男生绝大多数维度的进步幅度大于女生。
An important characteristic in the Chinese new reform of basic education is the "three degrees management of courses".Chinese primary and secondary schools are too necessary to follow the unified and mandatory management of school curricula and teaching materials.Schools can develop the special curriculum and the implementation according to the spirit from "Curriculum Standards";it can provide a great choice and development space to local education governments and schools.
Physical education is an important part of the foundation education in school,the implementation of sports school-based curriculum is one of the important ways that is constantly promoting the development of physical education curriculum reform.Based on the teaching of sports and physical education curriculum standards for our theoretical guidance to nine primary and secondary schools for a school year of school-based curriculums development of sports,and through the experiments before and after to compare their effects of sports of students study.
This study selected a total of 2,700 people from primary and secondary school students as a test group and control group,the experimental group of sports teaching school-based curriculum development,while maintaining the control group of traditional teaching model unchanged,after one year's experiments,statistical analysis of survey data has been drawn as the following conclusions:(1)sports school-based curriculum development of primary school students learning attitude,complex performance and spirit of cooperation,pure health behavior and the dimensions are a positive and significant effect on the primary and secondary school students in a sports school-based curriculum for teaching physical education and health after the interest and knowledge Attitude has greatly improved. (2)Sports junior high school students on school-based curriculum development of sports have a positive learning attitude significant impact on the performance of affection and spirit of cooperati0n,pure act with a certain impact on health,but the experimental group compared with the control group did not significantly affect.(3)sports school-based curriculum development for high school students learning attitude, performance and complex component of the spirit of cooperation significantly affected,the experiment after experiment in physical education attitude significantly improved,but the impact on the health of the general,this may be the same high school students Careers greater pressure on the extra-curricular sports and choose to ignore the health activities of a certain relationship.(4)sports school-based curriculum development of primary school students do not have the impact of gender differences,boys and girls in learning attitude,complex performance and cooperation of the three components of health are very significant progress, men and women are not significantly different.(5)Sports school-based curriculum development to the impact of secondary school student's men and women between the individual differences.Between the health of the most significant difference between men's health behavior significantly better than girls.(6)sports school-based curriculum development for high school students men and women have a positive impact,but the impact was significantly higher than that of boys of girls,boys dimensions of the vast majority of female students is greater than the rate of progress.
体育课程是基础教育课程的一个重要组成部分,因此落实体育校本课程开发是不断推进体育课程改革的重要途径。本文以体育课程教学论和我国体育课程标准为理论指导,对9所中小学进行为期一个学年的体育校本课程开发实验,通过实验前后及实验组和对照组的比较来探讨体育校本课程开发对我国中小学生体育学习效果的影响。
本实验选取中小学生共计2700人作为实验组和对照组研究对象,实验组进行体育校本课程开发教学,对照组则维持传统教学模式不变,经过一学年的实验,将调查数据统计分析后得出如下结论:(1)体育校本课程开发对小学生的体育学习效果各方面都具有积极且显著影响,小学生在经过体育校本课程教学之后对体育及健康知识的兴趣和态度有很大的提高。(2)体育校本课程开发对初中生的体育学习态度具有积极的显著影响,对情意表现与合作精神、健康行为具有一定影响,但实验组与对照组相比效果不显著。(3)体育校本课程开发对高中生的学习态度、情意表现与合作精神具有显著影响,实验后对体育课的态度较实验前明显好转,但对健康行为的影响一般,这可能同高中生升学压力较大而选择忽视体育课外的健康活动有一定关系。(4)体育校本课程开发对小学生的影响不具有性别差异,男、女生在学习态度、情意表现与合作、健康行为三个分量的进步均很显著,男、女之间没有显著差异。(5)体育校本课程开发对中学生的影响男、女之间存在个别差异。两者之间健康行为的差异最为显著,男生的健康行为明显好于女生。(6)体育校本课程开发对高中生男、女都具有积极的影响,但对男生的影响明显大于女生,男生绝大多数维度的进步幅度大于女生。
An important characteristic in the Chinese new reform of basic education is the "three degrees management of courses".Chinese primary and secondary schools are too necessary to follow the unified and mandatory management of school curricula and teaching materials.Schools can develop the special curriculum and the implementation according to the spirit from "Curriculum Standards";it can provide a great choice and development space to local education governments and schools.
Physical education is an important part of the foundation education in school,the implementation of sports school-based curriculum is one of the important ways that is constantly promoting the development of physical education curriculum reform.Based on the teaching of sports and physical education curriculum standards for our theoretical guidance to nine primary and secondary schools for a school year of school-based curriculums development of sports,and through the experiments before and after to compare their effects of sports of students study.
This study selected a total of 2,700 people from primary and secondary school students as a test group and control group,the experimental group of sports teaching school-based curriculum development,while maintaining the control group of traditional teaching model unchanged,after one year's experiments,statistical analysis of survey data has been drawn as the following conclusions:(1)sports school-based curriculum development of primary school students learning attitude,complex performance and spirit of cooperation,pure health behavior and the dimensions are a positive and significant effect on the primary and secondary school students in a sports school-based curriculum for teaching physical education and health after the interest and knowledge Attitude has greatly improved. (2)Sports junior high school students on school-based curriculum development of sports have a positive learning attitude significant impact on the performance of affection and spirit of cooperati0n,pure act with a certain impact on health,but the experimental group compared with the control group did not significantly affect.(3)sports school-based curriculum development for high school students learning attitude, performance and complex component of the spirit of cooperation significantly affected,the experiment after experiment in physical education attitude significantly improved,but the impact on the health of the general,this may be the same high school students Careers greater pressure on the extra-curricular sports and choose to ignore the health activities of a certain relationship.(4)sports school-based curriculum development of primary school students do not have the impact of gender differences,boys and girls in learning attitude,complex performance and cooperation of the three components of health are very significant progress, men and women are not significantly different.(5)Sports school-based curriculum development to the impact of secondary school student's men and women between the individual differences.Between the health of the most significant difference between men's health behavior significantly better than girls.(6)sports school-based curriculum development for high school students men and women have a positive impact,but the impact was significantly higher than that of boys of girls,boys dimensions of the vast majority of female students is greater than the rate of progress.
引文
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1.张建华等.当代美国体育课程改革及对我国的启示[J].第二届中国学校体育科学大会论文选集[C].北京:人民教育出版社.2003年版.第130页
2.王健.澳洲中学体育课程标准简介及思考[J].外国教育资料.2000.3.第78页。
1.当代国外课程的改革与发展.htlp://202.169.171.81/kcxx/
2.钟启泉.张华,世界课程改革趋势研究 上卷[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社.2001.10.第196页
3.曲宗湖.畅文轩.域外学校体育传真 M.北京:人民体育出版社.1999第15页
1.上海大同中学.上海大同中学[M].人民教育出版社.1997年版.第346页
1.司云.中原油田进行“基础+特长”的体育教学改革实验[J].中国学校体育.2002.4
1.华静雅.让校本课程真正体现“校本”.教学与管理.2007.4
[1]《中共中央国务院关于深化教育改革全面推进素质教育的决定》(中发[1999]9号)
[2]《基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)》(国发[2001]21号)
[3]中华人民共和国教育部制订.体育与健康课程标准[M].北京:北师大出版社.2001.
[4]崔允漷.校本课程开发:理论与实践[M].北京:教育科学出版社.2000.
[5]王健.澳洲中学体育课程标准简介及思考[J].外国教育资料.2000.3.第78页。
[6]张建华等.当代美国体育课程改革及对我国的启示[J].第二届中国学校体育科学大会论文选集[C].北京:人民教育出版社.2003年版.第130页
[7]曲宗湖.杨文轩.域外学校体育传真M.北京:人民体育出版社.1999.第15页
[8]钟启泉.张华.世界课程改革趋势研究 上卷[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社.2001.10.第196页
[9]司云.中原油田进行“基础+特长”的体育教学改革实验[J].中国学校体育.2002.4
[10]上海大同中学.上海大同中学[M].人民教育出版社.1997年版.第346页.
[11]吴刚平.校本课程开发[M].北京:四川教育出版社.2002.
[12]季浏等.初中体育与健康新课程教学法[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2003
[13]钟启泉.基础教育课程纲要解读[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社.2001.
[14]季浏等.体育与健康课程与教学论.浙江教育出版社.2003
[15]刘旭东.校本课程理念与实施[M].北京:首都师范大学出版社.2003.
[16]黄显华.强迫普及学校教育--制度与课程[M].香港:香港中文大学出版社.1997
[17]刘良华.校本教学研究[M].成都:四川教育出版社.2003.
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