产业集群演化不同阶段对创业人才素质的影响因素研究
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摘要
产业集群在发展过程中呈现明显的演化规律,创业人才作为产业集群的重要人才资源,能对产业集群演化产生积极的推动作用。同时,产业集群也能凭借内部的各种网络资源影响创业人才素质的发展,且不同演化阶段的产业集群对创业人才素质的影响存在一定的差异。因此,深入研究产业集群演化不同阶段对创业人才素质的影响因素具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。
首先,本文运用产业集中度法对产业集群的演化不同阶段进行了界定,并从产业集群创业人才的集聚、产业集群各成员的互动和产业集群网络资源的溢出三个方面对产业集群萌芽、成长和成熟三个阶段的主要特征进行了系统分析,建立了产业集群演化阶段过程模型。以江苏省43个主要特色产业集群为例进行案例分析,根据产业集群演化阶段的界定标准对其所处的演化阶段进行了定量界定。
其次,根据人才素质和胜任力理论,对产业集群创业人才素质的内涵进行了界定,从心理资本、关系资本和能力资本三个维度建立了产业集群创业人才素质模型。在此基础上,设计产业集群创业人才素质调查问卷,通过问卷调查及对调查数据进行验证性因子分析和整体模型的拟合检验,验证了产业集群创业人才素质的三维资本结构模型。
再次,运用文献研究法和深度访谈法,从关系网络、知识网络和文化网络三个方面系统分析了产业集群对创业人才素质的影响因素。在此基础上,设计产业集群创业人才素质的影响因素调查问卷,并通过问卷调查及对调查数据进行信度与效度分析和整体模型的拟合检验,对产业集群创业人才素质的影响因素模型进行了验证。
最后,运用文献研究法和半结构化访谈法,提出了产业集群演化不同阶段对创业人才素质的影响关系假设。在此基础上,通过对萌芽、成长和成熟三个不同阶段的产业集群实施问卷调查,对研究假设进行了检验。基于研究假设的检验结果,构建了产业集群演化不同阶段对创业人才素质的影响因素模型,并从理论上揭示了产业集群对创业人才素质的影响机理。
An industry cluster will go through a series of distinct evolutionary stages from its infancy to maturity. On the one hand, as the important human resources in the cluster, entrepreneurial talents are important driving force in promoting the cluster evolvement; on the other hand, with a variety of resources inside the cluster network, the industrial cluster exerts an influence on the quality development of entrepreneurial talents----an influence that varies during different stages of industrial cluster evolution. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to research the influencing factors of industrial clusters on the quality of entrepreneurial talents at different evolutionary stages.
Firstly, the industry concentration degree was employed to define different evolutionary stages of industrial cluster and the distinguishing characteristics of each stage (infancy stage, growing stage, and maturity stage) were described from three aspects-----the pooling of entrepreneurial talents, the interaction among industrial cluster members and the overflow of network resources. On this basis, we established the model of industrial cluster evolution and proposed the quantitative criteria to define the evolutionary stages of industrial cluster. Taking Jiangsu Province as the research object, we analyzed the evolutionary situation of 43 major industrial clusters with the proposed defining criteria.
Secondly, based on the theories about talent quality and competence, we defined the qualities requisite to entrepreneurial talents in the industrial cluster, and constructed the quality model for entrepreneurial talents in the industrial cluster from three dimensions: the psychological capital, networking capital and capability capital. Through conducting questionnaires and carrying out factor analysis of survey data and model fitting, the quality model for entrepreneurial talents is validated to be scientific.
Thirdly, through reviewing previous literature and carrying out in-depth interview with entrepreneurial talents, we systematically analyzed the industrial cluster's influence on the quality of entrepreneurial talents through three types of networks:the relation network, knowledge network and culture network. The questionnaire was conducted to fulfill reliability and validity analysis and fitting test of the influence factor model and the results suggest that this model exhibits high fitting degree and stability.
Finally, based on literature review and semi-structured interview, the hypothesis about the influence of industrial cluster on the quality of entrepreneurial talents was presented. And through implementing questionnaires designed for industrial clusters at specific stages (infancy stage, growing stage, maturity stage), the hypothesis was tested. Based on test results of the empirical study, the model was constructed to explain the influence of industrial clusters at different evolutionary stages on the quality of entrepreneurial talents, and the influence mechanism was explored theoretically.
首先,本文运用产业集中度法对产业集群的演化不同阶段进行了界定,并从产业集群创业人才的集聚、产业集群各成员的互动和产业集群网络资源的溢出三个方面对产业集群萌芽、成长和成熟三个阶段的主要特征进行了系统分析,建立了产业集群演化阶段过程模型。以江苏省43个主要特色产业集群为例进行案例分析,根据产业集群演化阶段的界定标准对其所处的演化阶段进行了定量界定。
其次,根据人才素质和胜任力理论,对产业集群创业人才素质的内涵进行了界定,从心理资本、关系资本和能力资本三个维度建立了产业集群创业人才素质模型。在此基础上,设计产业集群创业人才素质调查问卷,通过问卷调查及对调查数据进行验证性因子分析和整体模型的拟合检验,验证了产业集群创业人才素质的三维资本结构模型。
再次,运用文献研究法和深度访谈法,从关系网络、知识网络和文化网络三个方面系统分析了产业集群对创业人才素质的影响因素。在此基础上,设计产业集群创业人才素质的影响因素调查问卷,并通过问卷调查及对调查数据进行信度与效度分析和整体模型的拟合检验,对产业集群创业人才素质的影响因素模型进行了验证。
最后,运用文献研究法和半结构化访谈法,提出了产业集群演化不同阶段对创业人才素质的影响关系假设。在此基础上,通过对萌芽、成长和成熟三个不同阶段的产业集群实施问卷调查,对研究假设进行了检验。基于研究假设的检验结果,构建了产业集群演化不同阶段对创业人才素质的影响因素模型,并从理论上揭示了产业集群对创业人才素质的影响机理。
An industry cluster will go through a series of distinct evolutionary stages from its infancy to maturity. On the one hand, as the important human resources in the cluster, entrepreneurial talents are important driving force in promoting the cluster evolvement; on the other hand, with a variety of resources inside the cluster network, the industrial cluster exerts an influence on the quality development of entrepreneurial talents----an influence that varies during different stages of industrial cluster evolution. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to research the influencing factors of industrial clusters on the quality of entrepreneurial talents at different evolutionary stages.
Firstly, the industry concentration degree was employed to define different evolutionary stages of industrial cluster and the distinguishing characteristics of each stage (infancy stage, growing stage, and maturity stage) were described from three aspects-----the pooling of entrepreneurial talents, the interaction among industrial cluster members and the overflow of network resources. On this basis, we established the model of industrial cluster evolution and proposed the quantitative criteria to define the evolutionary stages of industrial cluster. Taking Jiangsu Province as the research object, we analyzed the evolutionary situation of 43 major industrial clusters with the proposed defining criteria.
Secondly, based on the theories about talent quality and competence, we defined the qualities requisite to entrepreneurial talents in the industrial cluster, and constructed the quality model for entrepreneurial talents in the industrial cluster from three dimensions: the psychological capital, networking capital and capability capital. Through conducting questionnaires and carrying out factor analysis of survey data and model fitting, the quality model for entrepreneurial talents is validated to be scientific.
Thirdly, through reviewing previous literature and carrying out in-depth interview with entrepreneurial talents, we systematically analyzed the industrial cluster's influence on the quality of entrepreneurial talents through three types of networks:the relation network, knowledge network and culture network. The questionnaire was conducted to fulfill reliability and validity analysis and fitting test of the influence factor model and the results suggest that this model exhibits high fitting degree and stability.
Finally, based on literature review and semi-structured interview, the hypothesis about the influence of industrial cluster on the quality of entrepreneurial talents was presented. And through implementing questionnaires designed for industrial clusters at specific stages (infancy stage, growing stage, maturity stage), the hypothesis was tested. Based on test results of the empirical study, the model was constructed to explain the influence of industrial clusters at different evolutionary stages on the quality of entrepreneurial talents, and the influence mechanism was explored theoretically.
引文
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