船进出升船机船厢过程中防撞措施研究
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摘要
升船机是用来直接垂直升降满载船舶保证河流航运的装置。在船进出升船机船厢过程中，需要设置防撞措施来保证安全。本文采用了以防撞梁拦截船体非正常移动形式的防撞措施。通过防撞梁的弹塑性变形来最大限度地吸收船体的动能，降低船厢所受的冲击力，以达到保护船厢的目的。撞击过程实际上是一个防撞梁在船体撞击作用下的弹塑性动力响应问题。本文对这一撞击过程进行了数值模拟。分析了防撞梁系统弹性和弹塑性动力响应计算结果。得到了防撞梁截面尺寸、防撞梁材料性质、船体撞击速度以及防撞梁缓冲弹簧对撞击点挠度和船厢所受冲击力之间的影响关系。分析计算结果为升船机防撞梁的设计提供了可靠依据。
Ship elevator is a kind of device which lifts and falls the fully loaded ship straight vertically for ensuring the safety of fluvial shipping. In order to ensure the safety of ship chamber, the anticoUision measures should be set. The anticoUision measures in the form of anticoUision beam heading off the abnormal motion of ship is introduced in this paper. Ship's kinetic energy is absorbed mostly by the elastoplastic deformation of anticollision beam and the impact of ship chamber born is reduced for protecting the safety of ship chamber. The process of impact is really an elastoplastic dynamic response by the action of ship impacting anticollision beam. The numerical simulation of the impact process is given in this paper. The computed results of the elastic and the elastoplastic dynamic response of anticoUision beam system are analyzed. The relations of the cross section size of anticoUision beam and the material character of anticoUision beam and the impact velocity of ship and the spring cushion of antic
ollision beam to the displacement of impact point and the impact of ship chamber born are acquired in the paper. Analyzing the computed results provides a reliable basis for the design of the anticoUision beam of ship elevator.
Ship elevator is a kind of device which lifts and falls the fully loaded ship straight vertically for ensuring the safety of fluvial shipping. In order to ensure the safety of ship chamber, the anticoUision measures should be set. The anticoUision measures in the form of anticoUision beam heading off the abnormal motion of ship is introduced in this paper. Ship's kinetic energy is absorbed mostly by the elastoplastic deformation of anticollision beam and the impact of ship chamber born is reduced for protecting the safety of ship chamber. The process of impact is really an elastoplastic dynamic response by the action of ship impacting anticollision beam. The numerical simulation of the impact process is given in this paper. The computed results of the elastic and the elastoplastic dynamic response of anticoUision beam system are analyzed. The relations of the cross section size of anticoUision beam and the material character of anticoUision beam and the impact velocity of ship and the spring cushion of antic
ollision beam to the displacement of impact point and the impact of ship chamber born are acquired in the paper. Analyzing the computed results provides a reliable basis for the design of the anticoUision beam of ship elevator.
引文
[1] 方晓敏，傅妮．清江隔河岩升船机防撞装置的设计与研究．水利水电快报，2001，22(22)：23～24
[2] 赵亚溥，余同希，方竞．关于结构塑性动力失效若干问题的研究进展．力学进展，1995，25(4)：549～561
[3] 余友安，廖乐康．通航设施防撞梁的塑性吸能原理与应用．水利水电工程金属结构设计，1998，10
[4] 高家镛，董国祥，李向群．船闸防撞装置撞击载荷计算及试验研究．船舶力学，1999，3(5)：34～39
[5] 喻永声，弓满峰．全平衡钢索提升式升船机组合结构自振特性．计算力学学报，2003，20(5)：568～572
[6] 刘兴正，孙雁，王国庆编著．计算固体力学．上海：上海交通大学出版社，2000．
[7] 吴永礼编著．计算固体力学方法．北京：科学出版社，2003．121～141
[8] 傅衣铭，罗松南，熊慧而编著．弹塑性理论．长沙：湖南大学出版社，1996．12
[9] 王勖成，邵敏编著．有限单元法基本原理和数值方法(第二版)．北京：清华大学出版，1997．3
[10] Rosen T. Tenchev. A study of the accuracy of some FEM stress recovery schemes for 2D stress concentration problems. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design , 1998, 29 (2) : 105～119
[11] K. J. Bathe and E. L. Wilson. Numerical methods in finite element analysis. Prentice-Hall, Inc Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1976
[12] M. Kolli and K.Chandrashekhara, Non-linear static and dynamic analysis of stiffened lamina -ted plates. Int. J. Non-linear Mechanics, 1997, 32 (1): 89～101
[13] 钟万勰，何穷，刘正兴编著．数值计算方法．中国建筑工业出版社，1991．8
[14] 蒋友谅编著．非线性有限元法．北京：北京工业学院出版社，1988．6
[15] 张汝清，詹先义编著．非线性有限元分析．重庆：重庆大学出版社，1990．1
[16] 王福明，贺正辉，索瑾编著．应用数值计算方法．北京：科学出版社，1992．7
[17] 陈万吉．有限元离散化变分原理及精化元法．大连理工大学学报，1999，2．
[18] R. Karakuzu, A. Qzel and O.Sayman, Elastic-plastic finite element analysis of metal matrix plates with edge notches. Computers & structures, 1997, 63 (3): 551～558
[19] J Murin. The formulation of a new non-linear stiffness matrix of a finite element. Computers & structures, 1995, 54 (5): 933～938
[20] G R Liu, Y G Xu, Z P Wu. Total solution for structural mechanics problems. Com-put. Methods Appl. mech. Engrg, 2001, 191 (8～10): 989～1012
[21] Roberto Ricci Maccarini, Anna Saetta and Renato Vitaliani. A non-linear finite element formulation for shells of arbitraiy geometry. Comput. Methods.Appl.mech.Engrg, 2001, 190:4967～4986
[22] Liu Wang and Geory Thierauf. Finite ratotion in non-linear analysis of elastic shells. Computers and Structures, 2001, 79:2357～2367
[23] H T Rathod, Md Shafiqul Islam. Some pre-computed universal numeric arrays for linear convex quadrilateral finite element. Finite element in Analysis and Design, 2001, 38 (2): 113～136
[24] J R Kommineni, T Kant. Pseudo-transient large deflection analysis of composite and sandwich shells with a refined theory. Comput. Methods. Appl.mech.Engrg, 1995
[25] Newmark N M. A method of computation for structural dynamics, A S C E. Jour. of Engng Mech Divison, 85,1959, 67～94
[26] 孙焕纯，曲乃泗，林家浩编著．高等计算结构动力学．大连：大连理工大学出版社，1992．
[27] M．帕兹著．李裕澈，刘勇生等译．结构动力学(理论与计算)．北京：地震出版社，1993
[28] 方昆凡主编．工程材料手册(黑色金属材料卷)．北京：北京出版社，2002
[2] 赵亚溥，余同希，方竞．关于结构塑性动力失效若干问题的研究进展．力学进展，1995，25(4)：549～561
[3] 余友安，廖乐康．通航设施防撞梁的塑性吸能原理与应用．水利水电工程金属结构设计，1998，10
[4] 高家镛，董国祥，李向群．船闸防撞装置撞击载荷计算及试验研究．船舶力学，1999，3(5)：34～39
[5] 喻永声，弓满峰．全平衡钢索提升式升船机组合结构自振特性．计算力学学报，2003，20(5)：568～572
[6] 刘兴正，孙雁，王国庆编著．计算固体力学．上海：上海交通大学出版社，2000．
[7] 吴永礼编著．计算固体力学方法．北京：科学出版社，2003．121～141
[8] 傅衣铭，罗松南，熊慧而编著．弹塑性理论．长沙：湖南大学出版社，1996．12
[9] 王勖成，邵敏编著．有限单元法基本原理和数值方法(第二版)．北京：清华大学出版，1997．3
[10] Rosen T. Tenchev. A study of the accuracy of some FEM stress recovery schemes for 2D stress concentration problems. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design , 1998, 29 (2) : 105～119
[11] K. J. Bathe and E. L. Wilson. Numerical methods in finite element analysis. Prentice-Hall, Inc Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1976
[12] M. Kolli and K.Chandrashekhara, Non-linear static and dynamic analysis of stiffened lamina -ted plates. Int. J. Non-linear Mechanics, 1997, 32 (1): 89～101
[13] 钟万勰，何穷，刘正兴编著．数值计算方法．中国建筑工业出版社，1991．8
[14] 蒋友谅编著．非线性有限元法．北京：北京工业学院出版社，1988．6
[15] 张汝清，詹先义编著．非线性有限元分析．重庆：重庆大学出版社，1990．1
[16] 王福明，贺正辉，索瑾编著．应用数值计算方法．北京：科学出版社，1992．7
[17] 陈万吉．有限元离散化变分原理及精化元法．大连理工大学学报，1999，2．
[18] R. Karakuzu, A. Qzel and O.Sayman, Elastic-plastic finite element analysis of metal matrix plates with edge notches. Computers & structures, 1997, 63 (3): 551～558
[19] J Murin. The formulation of a new non-linear stiffness matrix of a finite element. Computers & structures, 1995, 54 (5): 933～938
[20] G R Liu, Y G Xu, Z P Wu. Total solution for structural mechanics problems. Com-put. Methods Appl. mech. Engrg, 2001, 191 (8～10): 989～1012
[21] Roberto Ricci Maccarini, Anna Saetta and Renato Vitaliani. A non-linear finite element formulation for shells of arbitraiy geometry. Comput. Methods.Appl.mech.Engrg, 2001, 190:4967～4986
[22] Liu Wang and Geory Thierauf. Finite ratotion in non-linear analysis of elastic shells. Computers and Structures, 2001, 79:2357～2367
[23] H T Rathod, Md Shafiqul Islam. Some pre-computed universal numeric arrays for linear convex quadrilateral finite element. Finite element in Analysis and Design, 2001, 38 (2): 113～136
[24] J R Kommineni, T Kant. Pseudo-transient large deflection analysis of composite and sandwich shells with a refined theory. Comput. Methods. Appl.mech.Engrg, 1995
[25] Newmark N M. A method of computation for structural dynamics, A S C E. Jour. of Engng Mech Divison, 85,1959, 67～94
[26] 孙焕纯，曲乃泗，林家浩编著．高等计算结构动力学．大连：大连理工大学出版社，1992．
[27] M．帕兹著．李裕澈，刘勇生等译．结构动力学(理论与计算)．北京：地震出版社，1993
[28] 方昆凡主编．工程材料手册(黑色金属材料卷)．北京：北京出版社，2002