Partnering模式下项目的风险分配理论与方法的研究
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摘要
Partnering(伙伴关系)模式是20世纪90年代在欧美发达国家兴起的一种新型的项目管理模式,该模式的研究与应用不断深化,主要研究成果体现为Partnering模式的绩效、运作障碍、成功因素等方面,但对该模式下的风险管理的系统研究较少。本文在和谐风险管理方面完成了以下研究工作并取得了相应的成果。
(1)探讨了工程项目风险管理理论及风险应对措施,针对项目参与各方单方面的风险管理存在的“内耗”问题,将和谐管理理论应用到项目风险管理中,提出了以“风险分担,收益共享”为原则的和谐风险管理。并基于我国工程项目风险分配管理机制,研究和谐风险管理的核心问题——风险分配,形成以风险效率为基础的和谐风险分配管理模式,构建了和谐风险管理的应用流程。
(2)结合Partnering模式的理论及应用特点,依据和谐风险管理理论,提出了Partnering模式下风险分配原理,建立了相应的风险分配机制。并根据此方法具体分析和阐述该模式下项目参与各方应分配的风险。
(3)研究了Partnering模式下项目风险与收益分配比例的计算方法,运用风险多维性评价、模糊数学方法建立了风险分配系数的计算模型。通过案例,对风险分配模型在Partnering模式中的应用了进行实证分析。
Partnering模式下的项目风险分配理论及其方法为项目参与各方的风险管理提供了科学的依据,为Partnering模式的推行和运用在管理方法上提供了思路。
Partnering model which was developed in the 1990s of Europe and the United States is a new type of project management models. With the gradual and further researches and application of this model, the main achievements include the performance, the CSFs(critical success factors) ,the development obstacle and other aspects. This paper aims at the risk management of Partnering model. The research works and the results are as follows:
(1) Discussion on the project risk management theory and risk response measures, the paper applies harmonious management theory to the project risk management in accordance of“internal friction”involved in the project risk management, and establishes harmonious risk management theory on the principle of“risk-allocation, interest-sharing”. Based on the management mechanism of risk allocation, the core issue of harmonious risk management is researched to building the harmonious management mode of risk allocation which base on risk efficiency and the application processes of harmonious risk management.
(2) Accorded with the theory and application characteristics of Partnering model, based on harmonious risk management theory, the principle of risk allocation was put forward and a corresponding mechanism for risk allocation in Partnering mode was established. In the end, according to this method, the risk allocation was elaborated.
(3) The calculating method of risks and benefits was researched under the Partnering model. The model of risk Allocation factor was established by using multi-dimensional risk assessment and fuzzy math theory. The risk allocation model in the Partnering mode through case was analyzed.
The theory and methods of project risk-allocation which were researched in the paper will be deepening the theory of Partnering mode. It will involve better risk management for the parties in the project by scientific management methods and provide draw for implementing the Partnering model.
(1)探讨了工程项目风险管理理论及风险应对措施,针对项目参与各方单方面的风险管理存在的“内耗”问题,将和谐管理理论应用到项目风险管理中,提出了以“风险分担,收益共享”为原则的和谐风险管理。并基于我国工程项目风险分配管理机制,研究和谐风险管理的核心问题——风险分配,形成以风险效率为基础的和谐风险分配管理模式,构建了和谐风险管理的应用流程。
(2)结合Partnering模式的理论及应用特点,依据和谐风险管理理论,提出了Partnering模式下风险分配原理,建立了相应的风险分配机制。并根据此方法具体分析和阐述该模式下项目参与各方应分配的风险。
(3)研究了Partnering模式下项目风险与收益分配比例的计算方法,运用风险多维性评价、模糊数学方法建立了风险分配系数的计算模型。通过案例,对风险分配模型在Partnering模式中的应用了进行实证分析。
Partnering模式下的项目风险分配理论及其方法为项目参与各方的风险管理提供了科学的依据,为Partnering模式的推行和运用在管理方法上提供了思路。
Partnering model which was developed in the 1990s of Europe and the United States is a new type of project management models. With the gradual and further researches and application of this model, the main achievements include the performance, the CSFs(critical success factors) ,the development obstacle and other aspects. This paper aims at the risk management of Partnering model. The research works and the results are as follows:
(1) Discussion on the project risk management theory and risk response measures, the paper applies harmonious management theory to the project risk management in accordance of“internal friction”involved in the project risk management, and establishes harmonious risk management theory on the principle of“risk-allocation, interest-sharing”. Based on the management mechanism of risk allocation, the core issue of harmonious risk management is researched to building the harmonious management mode of risk allocation which base on risk efficiency and the application processes of harmonious risk management.
(2) Accorded with the theory and application characteristics of Partnering model, based on harmonious risk management theory, the principle of risk allocation was put forward and a corresponding mechanism for risk allocation in Partnering mode was established. In the end, according to this method, the risk allocation was elaborated.
(3) The calculating method of risks and benefits was researched under the Partnering model. The model of risk Allocation factor was established by using multi-dimensional risk assessment and fuzzy math theory. The risk allocation model in the Partnering mode through case was analyzed.
The theory and methods of project risk-allocation which were researched in the paper will be deepening the theory of Partnering mode. It will involve better risk management for the parties in the project by scientific management methods and provide draw for implementing the Partnering model.
引文
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[2] National Economic development Council. Partnering-contract without conflict. London:HMSO, 1991:88-93
[3] Cook.E, Hancher.D. Partnering contracting for the future. Journal of Management Engineering,1990,6(4):43-46
[4] Rack ham etc. Getting partnering right. McGraw Hill Publications, 1996:45-52
[5] Barlow J, Cohen M. Towards positive partnering. The Policpress, 1997:98-105
[6] Chan A, Tam C. Partnering-a win-win approach to project management. CIB Beijing International conference,1996:1-6
[7] Hellard R. Project partnering-principle and practice. Thomas Telford,1995
[8] Shamil Naotum. An overview into the concept to partnering. International Journal of Project Management,2003(21):71-76
[9] Farre, S. and Mc Dermott, J.R. An International Perspective on Risk Reward Contracting:Comparison of U.S.,Middle East and U.K. Alliances . Society of Petroleum Engineers,Aberdeen,1995:256-279
[10] Larson,Erik. Project partnering:Results of study of 280 construction projects. Journal of Management in Engineering,1995,11(2):30-35
[11] RICS. Partnering experiences explored. Conference Paper, 1998, 2:101-108
[12] Latham Sir M. Construction the team. London:HMSO,1994:63-74
[13] Egan Sir John. Rethinking construction. The construction industry task force,London:Department of the Environment,1998:135-145
[14] Miller.CJM, Packham.GA , Thomas BC. Harmonization between main contractors and subcontractors:A prerequisite for lean construction. Journal of Construction Research2002,3(1):423-434
[15] Mike Bresnen,Nick Marshall. The engineering or evolution of cooperation. International Journal of Project Management,2002:497-505
[16] Schultzel,H.J. Unrub,V.P. Successful Partnering-fundamentals for projectowners and contractors. John Wiley&Sons,NewYork,N.Y.:1995, 56-68
[17] Michael.A. Partnering on small construction projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,1999,125(5):320-324
[18] 赵振宇.基于 Partnering 的工程项目管理研究:[北京交通大学博士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2003,36-68
[19] Eddie W.L.Cheng,Heng Li. Construction Partnering Process and Associated Critical Success Factors:Quantitative Investigation. Journal of Management in Engineering,2002(10):194-202
[20] 易继伟.PARTNERING:一种新的建筑管理模式:[同济大学硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学,1998,54-62
[21] 毛有权.工程项目伙伴关系管理模式研究:[西南交通大学硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学,2004,45-56
[22] 陈晓.Partnering 的理论与应用研究:[河海大学硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学,2005,42-56
[23] 岳宜宝.国际工程项目管理新模式—Partnering.建筑,2003,4:25-26
[24] 吕文学,马萍萍,张连营.国际工程项目管理新模式—伙伴关系.建筑经济, 2003,5:35-38
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[26] 席酉民,肖宏文,王洪涛.和谐管理理论的提出及其原理的新发展. 管理学报.2005, 1:23-31
[27] 席酉民,韩巍,尚玉钒.面向复杂性:和谐管理的概念、原则及框架.管理科学学报.2003, 4:1-8
[28] 席酉民,肖宏文等.管理控制与和谐管理研究.管理学报.2005, 1:4-9
[29] 苏康,张星.基于全寿命周期的建设项目界面管理. 建筑经济.2006, 7:73-75
[30] 盛育华.我国非营利组织伙伴合作理论与实证研究:[吉林大学硕士论文].吉林:吉林大学,2004,24-36
[31] 马兰.基于 BOT 融资模式的工程项目风险管理研究:[西南交通大学硕士论文].成都:西南交通大学,2005,34-45
[32] 孟宪海,李誉魁,李小燕.Partnering 模式的组织结构与实施流程.建筑经济. 2006,8:35-38
[33] 席酉民,尚玉钒.和谐管理理论.北京:中国人民大学出版社.2002:56-78
[34] 樊耘,余宝琦.和谐管理理论的实践性模型.管理学报.2006, 6:631-636
[35] 中华人民共和国国家标准.建设工程项目管理规范(GB/T50326-2006).北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2006:25-36
[36] (美)项目管理协会,卢有杰,王勇.PMBOK 指南.北京:电子工业出版社.2006
[37] 王琦,席酉民,汪莹.和谐主题漂移的涵义及其过程描述.管理学报.2006, 6:10-17
[38] 张文俊.建设工程项目风险管理理论分析与实践:[西南交通大学硕士论文]. 成都:西南交通大学,2005,5-65
[39] Gelbard R,Nava Pliskin N,Spiegler. Integrating System Analysis and Project Management Tools. International Journal of Project Management.2002,20(6):461-468
[40] Thiry.M. Combining Value and Project Management into an Effective Programmer Model .International Journal of Project Management.2002, 20(3):221-227
[41] John A. Drexler Jr., Erik W. Larson .Partnering: Why Project Owner-Contract or Relation ships Change.Journal of Construction Engineering and Management.2000, 4:293-297
[42] Feniosky Pena-Mora,Nina Harpoth. Effective Partnering in Innovative Procured Multicultural Project.Journal of Management in Engineering. 2001, 1:2-12
[43] 戴维·卜克利兰. 项目管理:战略设计与实施.杨爱华译.北京:机械工业出版社,2002,156-157
[44] 贾广杜.项目总控—建设工程的新型管理模式.上海:同济大学出版社, 2003,100-106
[45] 田振郁.工程项目管理实用手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997,32-33
[46] 李启明.工程建设合同与索赔管理.北京:科学出版社,2001,124-125
[47] 冷兆华,林航飞.公路投资项目风险分析及评价.上海公路,2004,1:22-23
[48] 罗春辉.基础设施民间投资项目中的风险分担研究.现代管理科学, 2001,2:28-29
[49] 陈华,李玉彬等.伙伴关系管理模式在香港建筑业的应用现状及程序.项目管理技术.2006, l: 28-32
[50] 张连营,王争朋.伙伴关系模式的发展以及对中国建筑业的启示.中国工程科学.2006, 8 (8):7-11
[51] 高辉,杨高升等.伙伴模式关键影响因素研究.建筑管理现代化.2006, 3:57-59
[52] 唐文哲,强茂山等.基于伙伴关系的项目风险管理研究 IJ].水利发电.2006, 32(7): l-4
[53] 孟宪海,李誉魁.国际工程项目管理新模式—Partnering[J].建筑经济.2006, 4:48-50
[54] 叶飞,郭东风.虚拟成员间利益分配方法研究.统计与决策.2000, 7:11-12
[55] 叶飞.虚拟企业利益分配新方法研究.工业工程与管理.2003, 8(6):44-46
[56] 郝臣.信任、契约与网络组织治理机制.天津社会科学.2005, 5:64-67
[57] 肖伟,魏庆琦.虚拟团队中信任构建的博弈分析.科技与管理.2006, 4:33-40
[58] 邓铁军.工程风险管理.北京:人民交通出版社,2004:112-124
[59] 王卓甫著.工程项目风险管理:理论、方法与应用.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002:123-129
[60] 赵振宇,江伟.1999 年版 FIDIC 施工合同条件下承包商风险探析.土木工程学报,2003,36(9):34-39
[61] 邱闯.国际工程合同原理与务实.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002:89-93
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[64] He Zhi. Risk management for overseas construction projects. International Journal of Project Management, 1995, 13(4):45-56
[2] National Economic development Council. Partnering-contract without conflict. London:HMSO, 1991:88-93
[3] Cook.E, Hancher.D. Partnering contracting for the future. Journal of Management Engineering,1990,6(4):43-46
[4] Rack ham etc. Getting partnering right. McGraw Hill Publications, 1996:45-52
[5] Barlow J, Cohen M. Towards positive partnering. The Policpress, 1997:98-105
[6] Chan A, Tam C. Partnering-a win-win approach to project management. CIB Beijing International conference,1996:1-6
[7] Hellard R. Project partnering-principle and practice. Thomas Telford,1995
[8] Shamil Naotum. An overview into the concept to partnering. International Journal of Project Management,2003(21):71-76
[9] Farre, S. and Mc Dermott, J.R. An International Perspective on Risk Reward Contracting:Comparison of U.S.,Middle East and U.K. Alliances . Society of Petroleum Engineers,Aberdeen,1995:256-279
[10] Larson,Erik. Project partnering:Results of study of 280 construction projects. Journal of Management in Engineering,1995,11(2):30-35
[11] RICS. Partnering experiences explored. Conference Paper, 1998, 2:101-108
[12] Latham Sir M. Construction the team. London:HMSO,1994:63-74
[13] Egan Sir John. Rethinking construction. The construction industry task force,London:Department of the Environment,1998:135-145
[14] Miller.CJM, Packham.GA , Thomas BC. Harmonization between main contractors and subcontractors:A prerequisite for lean construction. Journal of Construction Research2002,3(1):423-434
[15] Mike Bresnen,Nick Marshall. The engineering or evolution of cooperation. International Journal of Project Management,2002:497-505
[16] Schultzel,H.J. Unrub,V.P. Successful Partnering-fundamentals for projectowners and contractors. John Wiley&Sons,NewYork,N.Y.:1995, 56-68
[17] Michael.A. Partnering on small construction projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,1999,125(5):320-324
[18] 赵振宇.基于 Partnering 的工程项目管理研究:[北京交通大学博士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2003,36-68
[19] Eddie W.L.Cheng,Heng Li. Construction Partnering Process and Associated Critical Success Factors:Quantitative Investigation. Journal of Management in Engineering,2002(10):194-202
[20] 易继伟.PARTNERING:一种新的建筑管理模式:[同济大学硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学,1998,54-62
[21] 毛有权.工程项目伙伴关系管理模式研究:[西南交通大学硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学,2004,45-56
[22] 陈晓.Partnering 的理论与应用研究:[河海大学硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学,2005,42-56
[23] 岳宜宝.国际工程项目管理新模式—Partnering.建筑,2003,4:25-26
[24] 吕文学,马萍萍,张连营.国际工程项目管理新模式—伙伴关系.建筑经济, 2003,5:35-38
[25] 中国建设监理协会主编.建设监理工程概论.北京:知识产权出版社, 2005:90-101
[26] 席酉民,肖宏文,王洪涛.和谐管理理论的提出及其原理的新发展. 管理学报.2005, 1:23-31
[27] 席酉民,韩巍,尚玉钒.面向复杂性:和谐管理的概念、原则及框架.管理科学学报.2003, 4:1-8
[28] 席酉民,肖宏文等.管理控制与和谐管理研究.管理学报.2005, 1:4-9
[29] 苏康,张星.基于全寿命周期的建设项目界面管理. 建筑经济.2006, 7:73-75
[30] 盛育华.我国非营利组织伙伴合作理论与实证研究:[吉林大学硕士论文].吉林:吉林大学,2004,24-36
[31] 马兰.基于 BOT 融资模式的工程项目风险管理研究:[西南交通大学硕士论文].成都:西南交通大学,2005,34-45
[32] 孟宪海,李誉魁,李小燕.Partnering 模式的组织结构与实施流程.建筑经济. 2006,8:35-38
[33] 席酉民,尚玉钒.和谐管理理论.北京:中国人民大学出版社.2002:56-78
[34] 樊耘,余宝琦.和谐管理理论的实践性模型.管理学报.2006, 6:631-636
[35] 中华人民共和国国家标准.建设工程项目管理规范(GB/T50326-2006).北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2006:25-36
[36] (美)项目管理协会,卢有杰,王勇.PMBOK 指南.北京:电子工业出版社.2006
[37] 王琦,席酉民,汪莹.和谐主题漂移的涵义及其过程描述.管理学报.2006, 6:10-17
[38] 张文俊.建设工程项目风险管理理论分析与实践:[西南交通大学硕士论文]. 成都:西南交通大学,2005,5-65
[39] Gelbard R,Nava Pliskin N,Spiegler. Integrating System Analysis and Project Management Tools. International Journal of Project Management.2002,20(6):461-468
[40] Thiry.M. Combining Value and Project Management into an Effective Programmer Model .International Journal of Project Management.2002, 20(3):221-227
[41] John A. Drexler Jr., Erik W. Larson .Partnering: Why Project Owner-Contract or Relation ships Change.Journal of Construction Engineering and Management.2000, 4:293-297
[42] Feniosky Pena-Mora,Nina Harpoth. Effective Partnering in Innovative Procured Multicultural Project.Journal of Management in Engineering. 2001, 1:2-12
[43] 戴维·卜克利兰. 项目管理:战略设计与实施.杨爱华译.北京:机械工业出版社,2002,156-157
[44] 贾广杜.项目总控—建设工程的新型管理模式.上海:同济大学出版社, 2003,100-106
[45] 田振郁.工程项目管理实用手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1997,32-33
[46] 李启明.工程建设合同与索赔管理.北京:科学出版社,2001,124-125
[47] 冷兆华,林航飞.公路投资项目风险分析及评价.上海公路,2004,1:22-23
[48] 罗春辉.基础设施民间投资项目中的风险分担研究.现代管理科学, 2001,2:28-29
[49] 陈华,李玉彬等.伙伴关系管理模式在香港建筑业的应用现状及程序.项目管理技术.2006, l: 28-32
[50] 张连营,王争朋.伙伴关系模式的发展以及对中国建筑业的启示.中国工程科学.2006, 8 (8):7-11
[51] 高辉,杨高升等.伙伴模式关键影响因素研究.建筑管理现代化.2006, 3:57-59
[52] 唐文哲,强茂山等.基于伙伴关系的项目风险管理研究 IJ].水利发电.2006, 32(7): l-4
[53] 孟宪海,李誉魁.国际工程项目管理新模式—Partnering[J].建筑经济.2006, 4:48-50
[54] 叶飞,郭东风.虚拟成员间利益分配方法研究.统计与决策.2000, 7:11-12
[55] 叶飞.虚拟企业利益分配新方法研究.工业工程与管理.2003, 8(6):44-46
[56] 郝臣.信任、契约与网络组织治理机制.天津社会科学.2005, 5:64-67
[57] 肖伟,魏庆琦.虚拟团队中信任构建的博弈分析.科技与管理.2006, 4:33-40
[58] 邓铁军.工程风险管理.北京:人民交通出版社,2004:112-124
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